A sunadarai dabara na lemar sararin samaniya. Lemar sararin samaniya tsarin dabara

High sama da kawunansu, a cikin stratosphere a tsawon 19-48 km na duniya da aka kewaye da lemar sararin samaniya. Yana da wani irin na oxygen. Idan oxygen kwayoyin a cikin iska kunshi biyu oxygen atoms shiga tare - O2, da kwayoyin da cewa shi ne uku atoms kaddamarda dabara lemar sararin samaniya - O3. Yana halitta da hasken rana. Lokacin da hasken ultraviolet daga rana ya wuce ta cikin sararin, su hallaka al'ada diatomic kwayoyin na oxygen. Kowane liberated zarra a haɗe zuwa wani m O2. Saboda haka kafa sinadaran dabara na lemar sararin samaniya - O3.

Mene ne lemar sararin samaniya?

Bũɗe, a karo na farko da wannan gas Fabry Faransa lissafin kimiyya da Bruisson. Su a cikin 1913, shi aka ƙaddara cewa da hasken rana haskoki da ciwon zango na 200 zuwa 300 nm rayayye tunawa Duniya ta yanayi. Kalmar "lemar sararin samaniya" a Girkanci nufin "m", "zaki". Kowa ya san halayyar wari da gas, abin da ke faruwa bayan da hadari. A oxygen ba a cikin yanayi a uku allotropic siffofin: O2 - kwayoyin, O - atomic da O3 - lemar sararin samaniya dabara wanda aka samu ta hanyar sinadaran hade da na farko guda biyu.

gas Properties

A lemar sararin samaniya Layer ne na bakin ciki isa, kusan imperceptible. Idan duk na kwayoyin wannan gas, wanda zauna 29 km na sarari, suna tattare a cikin wani guda m Sphere, ta kauri zai zauna ne kawai a na uku na wani santimita. A yawa na lemar sararin samaniya a cikin iska a sama Duniya ta surface. Lokacin da mota shaye gas ko iya jefarwa a cikin iska, hasken rana reacts tare da sinadaran watsi abubuwa, Forms lemar sararin samaniya. Ya musamman ji a kan wani zafi rana, da iska cike da smog, saboda ya kai gare shi barazana da matakan kiwon lafiya. Formula lemar sararin samaniya abu ne jiki m, kuma a lõkacin da natsuwa a cikin iska na fiye da 9% gas fashe, don haka da ajiya mai yiwuwa ne kawai a low yanayin zafi. Bayan sanyaya zuwa ⁰ C -111,9 gas ne tuba zuwa cikin ruwa.

rarar lemar sararin samaniya

A mutum ba zai iya rayuwa a tsarkake oxygen, shi ne amfani ga kananan adadin lemar sararin samaniya a cikin yanayi, amma wuce kima taro na shi na iya zama na mutuwa. Shakan ba lallai ba ne, domin wannan nau'i na oxygen iya lalata huhu. 'Yan wasan da suka sha taba babban adadin iska tare da cikakken lemar sararin samaniya iya koka zafi mai tsanani, kuma a lokacin inhalation. Bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire girma tare da gwadabe da kyau, inda iska ke tare da cikakken shaye tururi, ma, wahala daga wani wuce haddi na lemar sararin samaniya. Wannan halayyar da gas sama da surface na duniya. Elemental da abinda ke ciki (wani sashi na shi ga dubun miliyoyin sauran sassa iska) yana da hannu a oxidative matakai cewa faruwa a salon salula matakin a cikin jikin mutum. A dabara lemar sararin samaniya abubuwa a matsayin wani oxidizing wakili daya kawai oxygen zarra da sauran biyu suna kasaftawa a cikin nau'i na free oxygen.

amfani Properties

A cikin aikace-aikace na mai cikakken tsarkakakku na cikin gida iska, da masu bincike lura da kara yawan adam cututtuka da suke a gare su. Dalili kuwa sauki - babu lemar sararin samaniya a tsarkake iska ya haddasa disturbances a cikin jiki. Regular kananan allurai da gas ne da amfani ga cutar rigakafin.

Mene ne sakamakon da iskar gas? Ganin sakamakon wadannan gwaje-gwajen, masana kimiyya sun ƙarasa da cewa lemar sararin samaniya take kaiwa zuwa ga halaka kusan duk samuwa a cikin yanayin da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin, protozoa, da kuma Tsari mai sarrafa kansa da kuma yisti naman gwari. A cikin'yan minti karamin sashi (dabara lemar sararin samaniya O3) a wani lita na iska gusar duk kawo hadari ga mutane. Bayan ozonation - wani tsari na kowa da jiki. Ko a dakin lemar sararin samaniya freshens iska ma ta kawar da hadarin ƙulla cututtuka da cewa an aiwatar da droplets, neutralises da hayaki, kura da allergens, nauyi karafa da kuma sauran cutarwa ga mutum iska gyara. Saki ruwa, da iskan shaqa, da carbon dioxide, wadannan mahadi rasa su yawan guba, m kamshi an cire. Ba lemar sararin samaniya dabara a cikin sunadarai, ta high hadawan abu da iskar shaka ikon suna ƙara amfani ga disinfection na iska da kuma ruwan sha.

Layer a nesa na 20 kilomita sama da Duniya ta surface, a gaskiya, kare lafiyar mu cewa garwaya da hasken ultraviolet. Shi abubuwa kamar tace, kare Duniya daga cutarwa ultraviolet radiation. Ba tare da m Layer rayuwa a duniya ba zai yiwu ba. Yana tabbatar da cewa, shuka da dabbobi rayuwa ta bayyana a duniya kawai a lokacin da kafa iko garkuwa kwasfa shi daga hasken rana radiation. Ultraviolet da haske taimaka fata don saya da kyau tan, amma, a lokaci guda, shi ne babban m ga kunar rana a jiki da kuma sa fata ciwon daji.

A lemar sararin samaniya rami

A cikin shekaru 70 da masana kimiyya karatu lemar sararin samaniya Layer a kan duniya, ya gano cewa, sunadarai yi amfani a refrigerators, iska conditioners da aerosols, zai iya halakar da lemar sararin samaniya. Gas shiga cikin iska a kowane abin da ya faru gyara daga cikin wadannan na'urorin ko daban-daban aerosol SPRAY. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, cutarwa gas, ƙarshe, isa lemar sararin samaniya kwayoyin. Kamar wancan ne hasken rana radiation sake na chlorine-sunadarin flourine chlorine hydrocarbons, wanda ya halaka lemar sararin samaniya tsarin dabara, tana mayar da shi a cikin talakawa oxygen. Saboda haka, kariya Layer aka hallaka. Ko bayan shekaru 15, British masana kimiyya sun sanya wani gano tafarkin: wata babbar rami a lemar sararin samaniya Layer kan Antarctica da aka sanya. Wannan rami bayyana a kowace bazara, kuma ya kai girman kamar Amurka ƙasa. Lokacin da iska shugabanci canje-canje saboda da canji na yanayi, da rami da aka cika da lemar sararin samaniya kwayoyin sake. Kamar haka a yawan kwayoyin cika da rami, kamar yadda a wasu sassa na gas Layer zama sirara.

Abin da ya razana rage daga cikin m Layer?

A cikin hunturu 1992 lemar sararin samaniya Layer a kan Turai da kuma Canada ya zama sirara da 20%. A waɗannan wuraren da Layer ne lokacin farin ciki isa da kuma karfi radiation ne iya tace sosai muhimmanci ƙara da adadin fata ciwon daji. Sama da Antarctica da masana kimiyya rubuta musamman high matakan da chlorine monoxide, wanda aka kafa ta halakar lemar sararin samaniya ta chlorine. Masu bincike sun kiyasta cewa a asarar kawai 1% na m Layer take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a lamba tare da duniya na ultraviolet radiation a 2%, kuma tare da shi, 3-6% qara adadin fata ciwon daji. Ultraviolet radiation ma halakar da rigakafi da tsarin, yin mutum mafi saurin kamuwa da cutar. Riskar hasken ultraviolet zai iya lalata Kwayoyin dukkan tsire-tsire, daga ciyawa zuwa itatuwa.

Tun da lemar sararin samaniya Layer riqe da zafi, idan aka ragewa iska a wannan latitud sanyaya canza iskõki da yanayin duniya. Yana da wuya a hango ko hasashen abin da tasiri da depletion Layer a kan sauyin yanayi a nan gaba, masu bincike hango ko hasashen halitta bushewa zones, asarar wani ɓangare na ciyayi da kuma kasa adadin abinci idan matsalar ta halakar da gas da aka warware. Ko da a ƙarshe na ayyukan mutane cewa haifar da watsi da cewa halakar da m Layer, shi zai dauki akalla 100 s komawa zuwa gabata matakin.