A tarihin AvtoVAZ. Ban sha'awa facts da hotuna

A cikin 60s na karshe karni shi samar da dama brands na motoci a Tarayyar Soviet. "The Cossacks", "Volga" da "Moskvich" zai kasance har abada a cikin memory daga cikin 'yan kasar mu a matsayin nostalgia daga waɗanda m sau. Amma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin da aka ba da isasshen motoci. Sun kasance sũ ne kusan ba zai yiwu a sami a kan bude kasuwar. Inji rarraba kan lists a cikin manyan kamfanoni.

Don hadu da kara bukatar hudu-dabaran motocin, da shawarar da aka sanya kasar shugabanci don gina wani sabon mota factory. Kamar yadda shirya, ya yi kama da wani umurni da matsayi a cikin fasinja mota masana'antu. Daga wannan lokacin zai fara labarin AvtoVAZ. Its yi ya faru sosai da sauri (2 sau sauri fiye da habarta). fasaha sake zagayowar kayan aiki halitta ba kawai a cikin masana'antu da Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma da dama wasu gurguzu kasashen, kazalika da Amurka da kuma kasashen Turai.

samar da shuka

Volga Automobile Shuka an yanke shawarar gina a birnin Togliatti. Don yin wannan, kasar jagoranci kammala a watan Agusta na shekarar 1966 wata yarjejeniya tare da Italian damuwa "Fiat", wanda ya taimaka a gina auto giant. Su ba kawai ya gina babbar full-zagayowar samar, sa da ya dace kayan aiki, amma kuma horas da ma'aikata.

A tarihin AvtoVAZ a Togliatti, ko a mataki na halitta samu kananan faru. Gaskiyar cewa logo ga sabon iri motocin je sama tare Soviet artists. Zane ra'ayin mallakar daya daga cikin shugabannin da babban birnin kasar A. Dekalenkovu. Amma yin wadannan tambura sun Italiya. "Fiat" farko talatin posters halitta a cikin ɓata. A birnin "Tolyatti" suna da harafin "I" ta bayyana a cikin «R» sakamakon wasika. Aure ne mai sauri maye gurbinsu.

Sunan shuka da aka ba zaba ta hanyar misalin tare da sauran Soviet-yi, wanda aka kira, misali, Ulyanovsk da Gorky. Wannan ya yi daga siyasa correctness. In ba haka ba, "kauce wa bai dace ba barkwanci ba zai yiwu."

FarawaEND_LINK

Ko kafin kammala aikin gina da shuka fara horo. Shahararren mota "Zhiguli" - - Vaz-2101 godiya ga rashin aikin ma'aikata, a 1970 da farko 6 "aninai" da aka samar.

Bukatar motoci ne irin wannan cewa sayarwa ne kawai da iyaka samar iyawa. A lokacin farko shekara suka saki a cikin adadin dubu 100. Guda.

A tarihin AvtoVAZ (photo farko mota gabatar daga baya) ya bayyana m ci gaba da wannan giant. Kusan daga farko shekaru na aiwatar da aka ma mayar da hankali a kan fitarwa.

A 1973, Vaz-2101 ya fara samar da kasuwannin duniya. Duk da haka, wannan alama da za a sake masa suna a cikin Lada. Sunan "Zhiguli" a Faransa sauti kamar "Gigolo" (mutum, rawa saboda kudi).

A tsawon lokaci, da alama "Lada" da aka samar domin cikin gida da mabukaci. "Lada" an tsaya samar.

Kara samar gudun

A tarihin ci gaban AvtoVAZ an faruwa. Bayan farkon samar a 1970 da kuma kasuwannin duniya, sabon model na inji an ci gaba. Waɗannan su ne Vaz-2102, kuma Vaz-2103.

A shekarar 1980, Tarayyar Soviet bakuncin gasar wasannin Olympics da kuma aka sa a kan na'ura "Biyar" (Vaz-2105). Duk da haka, wadannan model ko kuma mun ji dadin wani enviable bukatar, amma har yanzu mafi mashahuri a cikin tarihi na shuka da aka da "Shida" (Vaz-2106). Ta aka saki a cikin samarwa a shekarar 1976.

AvtoVAZ samar iya aiki da aka bayar da biyar masana'antu. Daga shekarar 1966 zuwa shekarar 1991 shi hada Belebeevsky shuka "Avtonormal" Skopinsky da Dmitrovgradsky Auto tara Shuka, TPP Vaz da kuma "AvtoVAZagregat".

"Kopeika" da "Troika"

Ambatar duk model na AvtoVAZ (tarihin auto giant), ba zai iya amma biya haraji ga ta farko yaro. Waɗannan su ne Vaz-2101, kuma Vaz-2103. Farko "dinari" An kira ga karshe biyu lambobi na model number na mutane. Na biyu mota ya fara Magana game da "Troika."

"Kopeika" da aka saba da yanayi na Soviet hanyoyi sedan model Fiat 124. A cikin gida da mota da aka ƙara ƙasa yarda daga 110 zuwa 175 mm. Har ila yau, developers sun karu da birki da kuma dakatar. Wannan inji shi ne wata alama ce da Soviet zamanin 70s motoci. "Kopeika" ya zama wanda ya kafa sedans da raya wheel drive kuma m "classic" model.

Jim kaɗan bayan ya sauko daga na'ura na farko "dinari" da aka sa a cikin samar da "Troika". Yana a lokacin da ake kira "alatu" model. Shi ne mai sosai reworked "dinari". Musamman da hankali da aka biya don tsara shirin. Abin hawa da hudu fitilu, Chrome abubuwa da kuma inganta gaban mota.

Wadannan model na kammala

Da zarar saki na farko biyu model na motoci, da tarihi na AvtoVAZ yana da dama rare gyare-gyare na "dinari". Bayan ta tsanani restyling aka sa a kan na'ura na Vaz-2104, 2105, 2106 da kuma 2107 ya da "Shida" The mafi mashahuri a cikin su. A da samfur na Fiat 124 Speciale. Domin fiye da shekaru 30 na samar da wannan model an sayar 4.3 miliyan Vaz-2106.

Yana sayar da kyau, da kuma sauran uku brands motoci. Designers sun ɓullo da na gaye a lokacin rectangular fitilolin mota. A ciki an kuma tsanani canza. Har ila yau kyautata da mota ta engine. "Shida" kuma a yau aka dauke su quite rare na'ura.

model 80s

A tarihin "AvtoVAZ" a cikin 80-ies karni na karshe, ya gaya labarin wani sabon mataki na samar. dukan sabon ƙarni na "Sputnik" motoci da aka ɓullo da a wannan lokacin. Domin daidai index a cikin dakin, kamar baya model, mutanen Kwafa da mota "takwas". Yana da halin sandan-dimbin yawa ƙarshen gaban. "Kurfi" har yanzu kira ga cewa Vaz-2108.

A tsarin yana da wani sabon engine, gearbox. Ta yi wani gaban-dabaran drive. siffar da mota da wani karin nata irin, idan aka kwatanta da baya motoci. The jiki yana da ikon tsari. Wannan tsari da aka ɓullo da a tare da tare da auto giant Porsche. Jamus taimaki m manufacturer a cikin halittar kome fãce da zane.

Bayan wani lokaci a sayar da Vaz-2108 tare da wata biyar-kofa jiki irin Fe kuma sedan.

midget "Oka" da aka ci gaba a cikin marigayi 80s. Its samfur ne Daihatsu Cuore samfurin 1980. Daga bisani, sai dai AvtoVAZ, "Oka" saki kamar na "SeAZ" da "KAMAZ".

Shuka bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ya sosai kau da yawa ƙanana da manyan masana'antu, ciki har da AvtoVAZ. Tarihi da shuka ya nuna cewa giant of Motoci samu a wannan lokaci na da zurfi da kuma shafe tsawon rikicin.

Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin bakin ciki kwanaki for AvtoVAZ, da shuka ci karo da irin wannan abu a matsayin "gasar." Har a wannan lokaci da masu amfani da Soviet sayan motoci zuwan kashe taro line sosai da sauri. Amma yanzu kasar malale, lokacin da gaye, ko da yake na biyu-hannu waje-sanya motoci.

A Soviet sau, motocin fasinja na cikin gida da samar da ingantaccen kadan. Saboda haka, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da shigo da motoci, ba su tsaya har zuwa aikita. A shuka da aka fuskanta tare da bukatar rage samar. Fiye da 25% na jobs yanka. Ba har ma da taimakawa gwamnatin goyon baya. Don daidaitãwa da bukatar kasashen waje da kuma na cikin gida motoci da aka gabatar high kwastan aikinsu. Amma shi bai taimaka.

Aiki a cikin yanayi na rikicin

Tarihi ya gaya na AvtoVAZ gaske wuya wadannan kwanaki na kamfanin. Ƙarancin bukatar m mota model, gwagwarmayar neman ikon mallakar daga cikin sha'anin ba da taimako zuwa ga fita daga cikin rikicin.

Bugu da ƙari, kudi tsarin rikicin ya gudummawar da tabarbarewar al'amura. Jihar tana goyon bayan wani mutuwa masana'antu. Amma da tara ciki da waje matsaloli ba za a iya warware ta wadannan matakan.

lokuta da taro sata na kayayyakin da aka gyara an gyarawa. Sun kasance babbar, har ma ga wani babban kamfanin adadin. A shekara ta 2009, da dakushe tallace-tallace ya rikodin kuma ya 39%, idan aka kwatanta da shekara ta 2008.

Domin ya cece kasar ta most mota shuka ake bukata a zuba jari sosai. Bunƙasa anti-rikicin matakan. Yanke Shawara ta zuwa ciki da waje matsaloli, kamfanin iya samun baya a kan ƙafãfunsu.

Daga cikin rikicin

Cigaba da zurfin rikicin samu AvtoVAZ. Tarihi da shuka yana da fiye da shekaru 15 na decadent, m samarwa a low bukatar. Duk da haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka har yanzu samu. A watan Yuli na 2009, wata yarjejeniya da aka kai tsakanin "Rasha Technologies" da kuma kamfanin Renault-Nissan. "AvtoVAZ" Izini asusun da aka yanke shawarar kara. Yana zuba jarin 240 Euro miliyan Renault-Nissan kungiyar (shi ne 25% na dukkan hannun jari) da kuma sau uku da adadin "Rasha Technologies" (haka ne kara da rabo a cikin izini babban birnin kasar ta 44%). Kamfanin ne "Troika maganganu" a lokaci guda rasa 17.5% na rabo.

Bugu da kari, an yanke shawarar ba da matsayi na shugaba zanen Steve Mattin, wanda a baya aka gudanar da wannan matsayi a cikin irin wannan duniya da kamfanoni a matsayin "Mercedes" da "Volvo". Yana fara wani lokaci na sauka a hankali dawo.

A post-Soviet model motoci

AvtoVAZ, labarin halitta da aikin ta san da yawa rubucen da kuma hambarar da, a wani lokaci na rikicin halin da kananan karshe model. Saboda haka, a cikin farkon 90-ies na karshe karni daya daga cikin 'yan sabon model ne Vaz-2110. Shi ne mai sedan ɓullo da a kan tushen da "Group of Takwas". Wannan mota da aka quite asali jiki da ciki zane.

Bayan shi game da shekaru 10, da samar da ya ba ku sani ba daga gagarumin kyautayuwa. A rikicin da ya same ta habaka shuka kafin, ya shafi duk duniyoyin da ta aiki. Kawai a 2003 a kan tushen «GM-AvtoVAZ" hadin gwiwa shiga samarwa Ford Niva. A shekara daga baya, da samar da sedans, hatchbacks da kuma "Kalina" irin tashar wagon da aka kafa a Togliatti.

2007 alama a saki wani sabon model na mota giant Lada Priora. Don ta da mabukaci bukatar a shekarar 2011 don maye gurbin "Kalina" zo da shi mai rahusa version na "Grant". A shekarar 2012, samar da ke gudana a modified version na Renault Logan duniya irin Lada Largus.

Museum of AvtoVAZ

"AvtoVAZ" Damuwa yana da wani arziki tarihi. Saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa yana da kansa gidan kayan gargajiya. Shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a irin wannan wurare a cikin kasar. The Museum of Tarihi aka located AvtoVAZ a Togliatti. An sadaukar da sanannun ba kawai m, amma kuma waje brands "Lada".

Wannan gidan kayan gargajiya yana da kawai musamman gagarumin ga tarihi da shuka farfado. Akwai aka farko sanya bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet "Grant" model "Largus", "Kalina". Har ila yau a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ba za ka iya nemo inji cewa ne ba wani abu da aka ba Manufacturing, amma kuma a cikin tituna na kasar mu ne mai wuya a ga.

Dukan tarihin na farko rana da shuka to yanzu lokaci da aka adana a cikin ganuwar sanannen gidan kayan gargajiya. A farko "ceri" dinari aiwatar ta hanyar da kansa cibiyar sadarwa na sha'anin, yanzu ya nuna a nan. Yana da aka sarrafa ta da mai shi domin game da shekaru 19. Ya mika shi zuwa ga gidan kayan gargajiya, a 2000, ga wanda ya samu kyautar wani sabon mota, ta fara da za a kasuwanci.

A 'yan ban sha'awa facts

A takaice dai tarihi na AvtoVAZ zai zama bai cika ba tare da wasu ban sha'awa facts. Alal misali, "Field" (ko Vaz-2121) ne kawai na cikin gida da mota, wanda kullum da aka sayar a Japan.

Birni, inda mota factory, da mai suna Stavropol aka gina. Amma a shekarar 1964 an sake masa suna ba a daraja na babban sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Italiya Palmiro Togliatti. Ya mutu a lokacin ziyarar da "Artek" a lokacin tattaunawa a kan hadin gwiwa samar na nan gaba na yara sansanin.

Cif zanen na "Niva" P. M. Prusov ce da sunan da aka bai wa motar da farko haruffa na sunan 'yarsa (Nina da Irina), kazalika da da' ya'ya maza na farko da manyan samar zanen (Vadim da Andrei).

damuwa a yau

Bayan da fuskantar rikici mai zurfi, da damuwa yana zama a kan ƙafafunsa. AvtoVAZ tarihi ya cancanci girmamawa. Bayan duk, duk da kome da kome, da motoci zuwa kashe ya ɗamararku, sun wata alama ce da zamanin. Zai yiwu yanzu suna da ɗan lagging bayan su waje takwarorinsu. Amma tare da hakkin tsarin kula da inganta masana'antu na mota zai yiwu.

A nan gaba kasar mu ta wajen yawan motoci a can. Tare da dama m shi zai iya kawo kasar mafi girma riba. Bayan duk, ko da irin wannan tsohon model a matsayin "shida" da "bakwai" har yanzu a bukatar a matsayin 'yan kasa na kasar, kuma a cikin ƙasa na post-gurguzu kasashen. Saboda haka, da ake ji da sabuwar fasahar tuki da cin gaban sabuwar model tare da ingantattun halaye kamar sunadaran da kuma zane, yana yiwuwa a kacokan da auto giant zuwa wani sabon matakin.