Samuwar, Sakandare da kuma makarantu
A tsarin da sia. Features na tsarin lipids
Fats - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kwayoyin abubuwa da ake bukata da dukan abubuwa masu rai. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin sifa da aiki na lipids. Sun zo a cikin wani iri-iri biyu a cikin tsari da kuma a aiki.
A tsarin da sia (ilmin halitta)
Sia - wani hadadden kwayoyin sunadarai fili. Ya kunshi da dama aka gyara. Bari mu dubi tsarin da lipids a more daki-daki.
sauki lipids
Structure lipids wannan kungiyar na samar da biyu aka gyara: barasa da kuma m acid. Yawancin lokaci a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na da irin wannan abubuwa ya hada da kawai uku abubuwa: Carbon, hydrogen da Oxygen.
Iri-iri sauki lipids
Sun kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin:
- Alkilatsilaty (waxes). Yana esters na mafi girma m acid tare da mono- ko dihydric alcohols.
- Triacylglycerols (fats, kuma mai). A tsarin da lipids daga irin wannan na samar da kasancewar a cikin glycerol (trihydric barasa) da sharan na mafi girma m acid.
- Ceramides. Esters na sphingosine kuma m acid.
hadaddun lipids
Abubuwa na wannan kungiya ba kunshi uku abubuwa. Bayan wadannan, da suka hada da a cikin yan kungiya mafi Sulfur, nitrogen da phosphorus.
Nau'in hadaddun lipids
Su kuma za a iya raba uku kungiyoyin:
- Phospholipids. A tsarin da sia kungiyar hada da, ban da sharan na polyhydric alcohols kuma mafi girma m acid, gaban sharan na phosphoric acid, to wanda aka a haɗe ƙarin kungiyoyin na daban-daban abubuwa.
- Glycolipids. Waɗannan su ne sinadaran abubuwa samar da hade da lipids, kuma carbohydrates.
- Sphingolipids. Wannan aliphatic aminoalcohols.
A farko iri biyu lipids, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi subgroups.
Saboda haka, jinsunan phospholipids iya xaukar phosphoglycerolipids (dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki glycerol, sharan na biyu m acid, phosphoric acid da kuma alkanol Amine), cardiolipins, plasmalogens (dauke a cikin tsarin unsaturated monohydric mafi girma barasa phosphoric acid da kuma alkanol Amine), da kuma sphingomyelins (abubuwa wanda ya kunshi na sphingosine, m acid, phosphoric acid da kuma choline aminoalcohol).
The iri glycolipids ne cerebrosides (sai sphingosine da wani m acid dauke da galactose ko glucose), gangliosides (dauke da oligosaccharide na hexose da sialic acid) da kuma sulfatides (a haɗe zuwa hexose sulfuric acid).
Rawar da lipids a cikin jiki
Tsari da kuma aiki na lipids nasaba. Saboda gaskiya cewa a cikin kwayoyin ne ba lokaci guda iyakacin duniya da kuma nonpolar tsarin da wani ɓaɓɓake, wadannan abubuwa za su iya aiki a ke dubawa.
Lipids da takwas na asali ayyuka:
- Energy. Saboda da hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga cikin wadannan abubuwa da jiki samun fiye da kashi 30 cikin dari na makamashin da ake bukata shi.
- Tsarin. Features sia Tsarin bar su su zama wani muhimmin bangaren da bawo. Su ne bangare na matattarar rufi da daban-daban da jikin ta samar da wata membrane na jijiya kyallen takarda.
- Stock up. Wadannan abubuwa ne m acid form tanadi kwayoyin.
- Antiokisdantnaya. sia tsarin damar da su zuwa yin irin wannan rawa, da kuma a cikin jiki.
- Kullum. Wasu lipids ne shiga tsakani na hormones a cikin sel. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu daga cikin lipids suna kafa hormones da kuma abubuwa da ta da immunogenez.
- M. Subcutaneous mai Layer samar da thermal da kuma inji kariya na dabba. Kamar yadda na shuke-shuke, sa'an nan da kakin Forms m harsashi a farfajiya na ganye da 'ya'yan itace.
- Bayani. Lipids gangliosides samar da lambobi tsakanin sel.
- Narkewa kamar. Sia cholesterol ulla bile acid da hannu a aiwatar da narkewa.
Kira na lipids a cikin jiki
Mai mahadi wannan aji suna hada a wani cell na wannan farawa abu - acetic acid. Tsara mai metabolism hormones kamar insulin, adrenaline da pituitary ji ba gani.
Akwai ma lipids cewa jiki ba zai iya samar da nasu. Dole ne su shiga cikin jikin mutum da abinci. Sun dauke da yafi a kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye, kwayoyi, hatsi, sunflower, kuma zaitun mai da kuma sauran kayayyakin da shuka asalin.
Lipids, bitamin
Wasu bitamin a cikin sinadaran halitta ne mai aji na lipids. Wadannan su ne bitamin A, D, E, da K. Su dole ne ingested da abinci.
| bitamin | ayyuka | Bayyanuwar mai rashin | kafofin |
| Vitamin A (retinol) | An zabi a girma da kuma ci gaban epithelial nama. Kunshe a cikin rhodopsin - gani pigment. | Rashin ruwa da kuma flaking na fata. Illa wahayi a cikin matalauta haske. | Hanta, alayyafo, karas, faski, ja barkono, apricots. |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | Halartar a alli metabolism. Activates da sunadaran alhakin jini coagulation, da aka hannu a cikin samuwar kashi nama. | Ossification na guringuntsi, jini clotting, gishiri adibas a kan garun jini, kashi nakasawa. Vitamin K karanci shi ne sosai rare. | An hada da kwayoyin na hanji. Har ila yau, dauke a cikin ganyen latas, nettle, alayyafo, kabeji. |
| Vitamin D (calciferol) | Halarci alli metabolism, kashi samuwar kuma hakori enamel. | rickets | Kwasfa hanta man fetur, kwai gwaiduwa, madara, man shanu. An hada a cikin fata da daukan hotuna zuwa ultraviolet radiation. |
| Vitamin E (tocopherol) | Yana stimulates da na rigakafi da tsarin. Da hannu a nama farfadowa. Yana kare cell membranes daga lalacewa. | Kara permeability na cell membranes, rage na rigakafi. | Kayan lambu da kuma kayan lambu mai. |
A nan mun yi nazari a kan tsarin da kuma kaddarorin lipids. Yanzu da ka san abin da su ne wadannan abubuwa, abin da su ne bambance-bambance tsakanin daban-daban kungiyoyin, da rawa lipids yi a cikin mutane.
ƙarshe
Lipids - hadaddun kwayoyin da abubuwa, wanda ya kasu kashi sauki da kuma hadaddun. Sun yi a cikin jiki guda takwas ayyuka: makamashi ne adana, tsarin, antioxidant, m, kullum, kuma kayan hanji da bayanai. Bugu da kari, akwai lipids, bitamin. Sun yi wani iri-iri na nazarin halittu ayyuka.
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