Wanne kwayoyin an hada da guda cell? misalai rarrabuwa

Dukan dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da cewa mun haɗu a rayuwar yau da kullum, suna kwayar kwayoyin. Duk da haka, akwai wani takaice sanaki wanda yake ba sa ganuwa ga idanun mu. Wani lokaci su kunshi guda cell. Saboda haka, da suka iya ganin a karkashin wani microscope kawai. Abin da siffofin za a iya bambanta daga single-celled kwayoyin?

A tsarin da cell: zane na wani hali prokaryotic da eukaryotic Kwayoyin

Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayi na iya zama unicellular ko kwayar, eukaryotic ko prokaryotic. Kowace kungiya yana da halaye a cikin tsari, da Physiology, da kuma Biochemistry. Mene ne alamun wani prokaryotic cell? Da farko, shi ne sauki daga cikin kungiyar. A wannan irin cell ba da zuciyar, da kuma kayyade bayanai kunshe ne a cikin DNA. Kuma a cikin wannan hanya shi "gudãna," a cikin cytoplasm. Har ila yau, wani halayyar alama ne cewa a cikin wadannan Kwayoyin, babu wasu gabbansa. Su ayyuka suna maye gurbinsu da protrusions na cytoplasmic membrane, kira mesosoma. Su ne a mafi yawan lokuta, kuma suna da alhakin numfasawa ko photosynthesis.

A prokaryotic Kwayoyin, da farfajiya naúrar yana shirya quite wuya, t. K. Ya aka wakilta dama yadudduka. A farko daga gare su - da cytoplasmic membrane - taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kai da abubuwa tsakanin cell da kuma muhalli. MTC wakilta bilipidnym Layer a cikin abin da daban-daban da sunadarai anchored. Bugu da ari prokaryotic tantanin halitta yana rufe da wani cladding wanda yana da m kuma Na'urar yanayi. Na biyu Layer hana shigar azzakari cikin farji na mai guba abubuwa. Wannan zai kare daga kufan tareda žata dalilai, ko da yake a wannan harsashi yana da iyaka.

A karshe Layer na na'ura surface iya ba ko da yaushe zama ba. Yana da wani slimy Case. Da fari dai, yana taimaka a aiwatar da cell motsi, Munã rage gogayya. Abu na biyu, slimy Case ƙunshi rayuwa kayayyakin da Kwayoyin da mugunya. Wadannan abubuwa za a iya amfani da m dalilai, ko, conversely, to farautar abincinsu. All prokaryotic kwayoyin kunshi guda cell. Wadannan su ne da farko da kwayoyin.

Features eukaryotes

Eukaryotic Kwayoyin suna da halin da wuya daga cikin kungiyar. Bã su da wani babban yawan tsarin da kuma Tsarin, da kuma da yawa biochemical matakai bukatar wani jam'i na musamman enzymes da kuma tsarin. Abin da ya ƙunshi wani rayayyan tantanin halitta eukaryotes? Its tsarin ƙunshi da wadannan abubuwa:

• Core.
• Wasu gabbansa da cytoplasm.
• A membrane da cytoskeleton.

Core - a tsakiyar tsarin kowace eukaryotic cell, cikinsa da kwayoyin bayanai da aka adana. Yana dauke da chromosomes da nucleoli. Su suke da alhakin canja wuri da kuma aiwatar da kwayoyin bayanai. Daga cikin wasu gabbansa da Kwayoyin saki:

1. Dvumembrannye tsarin (plastids da mitochondria).
2. Odnomembrannye tsarin (lysosomes, Golgi na'ura, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, peroxisomes, da sauransu.).
3. Non-membrane tsarin (ribosomes, cytoskeleton).

Eukaryotic membrane a tsarin kama da prokaryotes. Duk da haka, shi yana da wani hadadden kungiya. Eukaryotic cell aka yi sama da sassan kira compartments. Wannan tsarin ƙwarai simplifies kungiyar na kwarara daga duk biochemical matakai, watau. Don. A cell ne zuwa kashi daban-daban compartments.

Protists - unicellular eukaryotic kwayoyin

Daga cikin iri-iri na eukaryotic kwayoyin wanda yake mu, akwai kuma kasa bayyane zuwa ga mutum ido kasancewarsa. Su kira protists. Su dokoki ne mai raba mulki a taxonomy. All protists kunshi guda cell, don haka girman ba fiye da 250 microns. Sun kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin, daga cikinsu sarkodovyh, flagellates, ciliates.

irin sarkodovyh

Wadannan sun hada da amoeba, wanda ya kunshi guda cell. Wadannan halittu rayuwa a cikin ƙasa, sabo ruwa ko gishiri da ruwa. Jikinsu yana da wani m siffar, wanda damar su samar da wata da ake kira kafafu, wanda wadannan protists kama su abinci.

irin flagellates

Flagellates samu da sunan saboda gaban flagella a karshen na jiki. Yana damar irin wannan Kwayoyin don matsawa da sauri. Wannan ya sa flagellates kyau kwarai dayansu. Daga cikin su akwai babban adadin parasites na mafi girma kwayar kwayoyin. A jikin wannan wanda yake yana da wani m siffar saboda sweaty cell membranes.

irin ciliates

Ciliates an hada da guda cell. Duk da wannan suna evolutionarily mafi ginu a tsakanin sauki. Akwai ma wani ka'idar da samuwar kwayar dabbobi a kan su wadda aka yi sauko daga ciliates. Wadannan mutane suna da m cell bango. Su ne ba a cikin cytoplasm na biyu tsakiya: generative, wadda iko haifuwa, da kuma vegetative alhakin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Dukan jiki da aka rufe da cilia na ciliates. A rayuwa kayayyakin an cire ta hanyar wani na musamman rami - poroshitsu.

adam Kwayoyin: da dama siffofi da kuma tsarin fasali

Our kwayoyin ne a kwayar samuwar, cikinsa da Kwayoyin suna da alaka da juna. Sun aika da bayanai ta amfani da hada alama abubuwa. Form kyallen takarda, gabobin da kuma tsarin, wanda daban-daban daga juna aikin da morphologically.

Mene ne wani mutum cell? Idan muka yi la'akari da sel wani nama na jiki, da suka yi dukan siffofin da eukaryotes: kwaya, da wasu gabbansa, cytoskeleton, haduwar metabolism. Duk da haka, daga gare su wanda zai iya samun ware cewa ba bambancinsa da wani nama.

Alal misali, ja jini Kwayoyin da babu tsakiya. Wannan damar su daura mafi oxygen ko carbon dioxide. A kwai iya isa 0.12-0.15 cm a diamita, wanda shi ne mai manya-manyan darajar ko eukaryotic Kwayoyin. mutum neurons ma suna da nasu peculiarities. Sai suka samar da yawa protuberances, daga cikinsu short dendrites da kuma dogon axons.