A Tsohon Alkawali da Sabon Alkawali: tarihin samuwar, da abun ciki, kamance da kuma bambance-bambance

Kiristanci a lokacin - mafi tartsatsi addini a duniya. A cewar kasa da kasa statistics, da yawan mabiya fiye da mutane biliyan biyu, ko game da wani uku na al'ummar duniya. Ba abin mamaki cewa wannan addini ya ba da duniya ga mafi yayata da kuma sanannen littafinsa - Littafi Mai Tsarki. Littattafai na Krista a yawan kofe da kuma tallace-tallace leads top da bestseller yanzu goma sha biyar da ɗari shekaru.

A abun da ke ciki na Littafi Mai Tsarki

Ba kowa ba ne ya sani cewa da kalmar "Littafi Mai Tsarki" - wannan shi ne kawai cikin jam'i Girkanci kalmar "vivlos", wanda yake nufin "littafi." Saboda haka, shi ne ba game da guda samfurin, amma a tarin rubutun da daban-daban mawallafa, da kuma rubuce a lokuta daban-daban. A karshe lokaci ƙofofi kamar haka kimanta kamar haka: a wani XIV. BC. e. a kan II. n. e.

Littafi Mai Tsarki ya kunshi biyu main sassa, wanda ake kira Tsohon Alkawari da Sabon Alkawali a cikin Kirista terminology. Daga cikin mabiya na Church ne Marinjãyi a muhimmancin karshe.

tsohon Alkawari

A farko kuma mafi girma na Kirista Littãfi da aka kafa tun kafin haihuwar Yesu Almasihu. Littattafan Tsohon Alkawari kuma aka sani da Hebrew Littafi Mai Tsarki, kamar yadda suka yi a alfarma hali a Yahudanci. Hakika, domin su da siffa "haihuwa" dangane da rubuce-rubucen shi ne kaucewa unacceptable. Tanakh (as shi ne ake kira a cikin yanayi) madawwami ne, canzawa da kuma duniya.

Wannan tarin kunshi hudu (bisa ga Kirista rarrabuwa) sassa, wanda suke da wadannan sunayen:

1. Zakonopolozhitelnye littafin.
2. Littattafan tarihi.
3. Didactic littattafai.
4. Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi littattafai.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan sassan ƙunshi wani yawan ayoyin da kuma lambar iya zama daban-daban a cikin daban-daban rassan Kirista. Wasu littattafan OT kuma zuwa kashi sassa ko ƙila a haɗe da juna da kuma cikin rãyukansu. Babban zabin dauke Editocin, kunsha na 39 da abubuwa na daban-daban texts. A mafi muhimmanci na Tanakh - abin da ake kira Attaura, wanda ya kunshi na farko biyar littattafai. Addini hadisin yana da shi cewa marubucin - annabi Musa. OT karshe an kafa kamar a tsakiyar na farko Millennium BC. e., kuma a cikin lokaci shi karbuwa a matsayin wata alfarma daftarin aiki a dukkan rassan Kristanci, amma mafi Gnostic Marcion makarantu da majami'u.

NT

Kamar yadda na Sabon Alkawari, shi ne mai tarin ayyukan da aka haife shi a cikin zurfin na nascent Kiristanci. Ya kunshi littattafai 27, mafi muhimmanci daga wanda - na farko hudu rubutu, da ake kira Linjila. A karshen ne na rayuwar Yesu Almasihu. Sauran littafin - da haruffa Manzanni, littafin Ayyukan Manzanni gaya game da farko shekaru na rayuwa daga cikin coci, da kuma annabci littafin Ru'ya ta Yohanna.

Kirista Canon kafa a irin wannan hanyar zuwa karni na hudu. Kafin wannan, a cikin daban-daban kungiyoyin na Kiristoci sun rarraba, kuma ko da girmamawa a matsayin alfarma, kuma da yawa wasu texts. Amma a yawan coci majalisarku da episcopal ma'anar legitimized kawai wadannan littattafai, duk sauran tabbatar da ƙarya, kuma m ga Allah. Bayan haka, "ba daidai ba" matani suka massively hallaka.

A harmonization na Canon an qaddamar da wani rukuni malaman, cewa tsayayya da koyarwar m Marcion. Karshe a karon farko a cikin tarihin na Church sanar da Canon na tsarki texts, alhãli kuwa sunã kãfirai kusan dukan littattafan Tsohon da Sabon Alkawari (a halin yanzu version) tare da 'yan ware. Domin neutralize wa'azin da abokin gaba, ra'ayin shugabannin da coci ƙa'ida halatta sakramentirovali mafi gargajiya sa na nassosi.

Duk da haka, a cikin daban-daban sassa na duniya cikin Tsohon Alkawali da Sabon Alkawali da daban-daban zabin na codification rubutu. Akwai kuma wasu littattafan da cewa an yarda a wannan hadisi, amma sun ƙaryata, a wani.

Rukunan da wahayi da Littafi Mai Tsarki

The sosai jigon da tsarki texts Kiristanci da aka saukar a cikin rukunan wahayi. Littafi Mai Tsarki - Tsoho da Sabon Alkawari - yana da muhimmanci ga muminai, saboda sun yi imani da cewa a hannun alfarma ayyukan marubuta jagorancin da Allah, da kuma kalmomi da Littattafai a zahiri hankali - wahayin allahntaka, wanda ya aika da duniya, da Church, kuma kowane mutum da mutum. Wannan imani cewa Littafi Mai Tsarki - Ubangiji wasika, jawabi kai tsaye zuwa kowane mutum, kullum ya aririci Kiristoci su yi nazarin da shi da kuma duba ga boye ma'ana.

Littafi Mai Tsarki

A lokacin da ci gaba da kuma samuwar na Canon na Littafi Mai Tsarki, littattafai da yawa da cewa asali shi kunshi, daga baya ya juya ga a "bar fita" na coci orthodoxy. Wannan rabo irin ayyukan, kamar "Erma Shepherd" da "Didache". Mutane da yawa daban-daban da Linjila da kuma wasiku da aka ayyana da ƙarya, kuma karkata, kawai ga cewa bai dace a cikin sabon tauhidin nufi Ikklesiyar Otodoks. Duk wadannan ayoyin suna da ha ta da na kowa Kalmar "Littafi Mai Tsarki," wanda yake nufin, a daya hannun, "ƙarya", da kuma a kan sauran - "asiri" rubuce-rubucen. Amma daga karshe shafe da burbushi na wašanda ba'aso texts iya ba - a cikin canonical rubuce-rubucen da allusions da ambato daga gare su boye. Alal misali, shi ne wata ila cewa rasa, kuma a cikin XX karni, a sabon bincike Bisharar Thomas yana daya daga cikin farko kafofin ga faɗar Almasihu a cikin canonical Linjila. A na kowa sakon da Manzo Yahuza (ba Iskariyoti) kai tsaye ƙunshi ambato tare da tunani da Afokirifa Littafin Annabi Anuhu, jayayya cewa ta annabci da mutunci, kuma amincin.

A Tsohon Alkawali da Sabon Alkawali - da hadin kai da kuma bambance-bambance tsakanin biyu canons

Saboda haka, za mu gano cewa, Littafi Mai Tsarki ya kunshi biyu littattafai tarin marubuta daban-daban da kuma sau. Ko da yake Kirista tauhidin gan Tsohon Alkawali da Sabon Alkawali a matsayin dukan, tafsirin su ta hanyar juna da kuma kafa da boye allusions, tsinkaya, kuma prototypes na typological connection, ba duka a cikin jama'ar Kirista ne yiwuwa ga wani irin gwaji na biyu canons. Marcion ba karce ƙaryata Tsohon Alkawali. Daga cikin 'ya'yansa rasa ayyukansu a cikin yin amfani da abin da ake kira "Antithesis", inda ya contrasted koyarwar Tanakh koyarwar Almasihu. A 'ya'yan itace na wannan bambanci ya rukunan bautãwa biyu - Yahudawa alakusu da capricious demiurge kuma duk-kyau da Allah Uba, yake ana wa'azin Almasihu.

Lalle ne, images of Allah bambanta da yawa a cikin wadannan biyu alkawarinsu. A cikin Tsohon Alkawali, ya aka bayyana a matsayin mai vengeful mãsu kauri, mãsu m ubangijina, ba ba tare da nuna bambanci launin fata a matsayin su bayyana a yau. A cikin Sabon Alkawari, a maimakon haka, Allah ne mafi juriya, da sadaka, kuma kullum fi son zuwa gafarta maimakon hukunta. Duk da haka, da shi da ɗan Sauki makirci, kuma idan kana so za ka iya samun juyi da muhawara a game da biyu texts. Tarihi, duk da haka, shi ya juya fitar da cewa Church ba sanin ikon Allah na Tsohon Alkawali, sun daina wanzuwa, kuma a yau da Kirista duniya wakilci a cikin wannan girmamawa kawai daya hadisin, ba kirgawa daban-daban kerata kungiyar neognostikov da neomarkionitov.