A waje tsarin da kifi. External da ciki tsarin da kifi. Features na waje tsarin da kifi

A wannan labarin, za mu yi la'akari da ciki da kuma na waje tsarin da kifi. Bugu da kari, mun taƙaice bayyana fasali na ci gaba da haifuwa daga wadannan kwayoyin. Kifi, watakila - mafi nasara kungiyar na vertabrate. Shi ne ba kawai mafi yawa fiye da sauran kungiyoyin, amma kuma mafi arziki a cikin jinsin: su yiwuwa a kalla 23 000. A waje tsarin da kifi da kuma halaye na wadannan dabbobi ne musamman bambance bambancen. Wasu daga cikin su rayuwa a cikin tẽku, yayin da wasu - a sabo ruwa. daya ana sa a wata babbar zurfi, da sauran - a surface. wasu lumana ciyar a kan algae, plankton da kwaro, yayin da wasu - m da yara, kai hare hare ba kawai nasu irin, amma kuma wasu ƙasar dabbobi.

kifi numfashin

All kifi numfashi ta yin famfo ruwa ta hanyar finely branched gills yawa folds wanda ya samar da wani babban surface iya mamaye oxygen daga ruwa da saki carbon dioxide. The ruwa ne pumped ta hanyar da ƙungiyoyi daga cikin bakin da pharynx, da kuma a cikin kashi iri - operculum, tare da yanzu okolozhaberny gaban motsi na jini a cikin gills. A sakamakon haka, da yake ganawa da sabo ruwa, da jini da aka wadãtar da oxygen da kuma warware daga carbon dioxide.

Shape kifi jiki

Kifi musamman daban-daban a cikin siffar da size. Wannan, ba shakka, nuna bambancin da hanyoyin da za a daidaita zuwa iri-iri na habitats, abin da kawai za a iya samu a marine da kuma sabo ne ruwaye. Saboda haka, jikin kifi da cewa rayuwa tsakanin algae, za a iya rufe da halayyar outgrowths ko dai da slozhnoraschlenennuyu launi. Dukansu na'urorin da ake masking raga, kazalika da da ikon da wasu kifi ya canza launi zuwa saje da bango. Domin mazaunan cike da laka ruwan halin gaban tactile barbels a kusa da bakin, taimaka musu don neman abinci. A jikin siffar kifin ganima - santsi streamlined kwane-kwane tare da wata babbar baki tare da kaifi hakora.

A bambanci, lebur zurfin jinkirin da kuma tattara su ganima a kan seafloor. Ka faɗa mini karin game da wadannan m kifi. All hada a flatfish flatfish detachment. A jikin wadannan kifaye kawai birgima zuwa gefe. Ƙasusuwan kwanyar, misali, canja a irin wannan hanyar da idanunsa kuma suka a kan wannan gefe na shugaban. A adult kifi gani gefen zama da baya. an sosai pigmented, alhãli kuwa da makafi gefe ne fari. Wasu jinsunan, motsi daga rock kasa a cikin yashi, da kuma mataimakin versa, bi da bi, canza launi.

The juyin ci gaban siffofin kifi

A waje tsarin da kifi ci gaba a lokacin da miliyoyin shekaru na juyin halitta a cikin ci gaban da iyakar gudu da kuma kalmomin sirri a cikin ruwa. Mutane da yawa predatory fitar kasusuwan jikinsu jinsunan - suna da kyau swimmers. Suna iya tafiya a gudun daga uku zuwa shida tsawo na jikinsu a karo na biyu da kuma bayyana a cikin nesa daidaita daya kawai jiki tsawon. Evolutionary tsalle don fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi ya raya iyo mafitsara. Cartilaginous kifi, wanda kwarangwal kunshi guringuntsi, da iyo mafitsara, sabili da haka nutse, idan ba iyo. Bar su da su samar pectoral fins. Amma duk da haka da yawa cartilaginous kifi sun koma kan benthic salon. Kashi, godiya ga na iyo mafitsara sayi m buoyancy. External tsarin fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi damar su yi amfani da pectoral fins kamar birki ko oars don matsar da baya da baya. Wannan qara maneuverability kuma ba ka damar Master da karuwar muhalli maharibai. Locomotor damar waɗannan dabbobi ne sosai bambancin, da kuma wannan da aka nuna a cikin tsoka sunadaran. A azumi swimmers, kamar tuna kifi ko fuskantar wani ƙara load, kamar migrating kifi, tsokoki mafi yawa ja, yayin da sannu a hankali iyo kifi, kamar zurfin, - fari.

fins kifi

Wajibi ne a fadada a kan fins, ta kwatanta waje tsarin. Kifi, kamar yadda ka sani, yi amfani da su don matsar kusa. Duk da haka, ba kawai a gare shi. Ƙege fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi da daban-daban ayyuka. Saboda haka, dorsal da tsuliya ba da damar da inversion na kifi. A pectoral fins ne sau da yawa birki. Ciki hana sada na ƙarshen gaban na jiki da hankali baftisma kifi. Guda biyu ƙege da damar wadannan dabbobi don fito fili, da kuma dived bayyana. External tsarin da kuma motsi na kifi suna a hankali nasaba. Ingantaccen rada ne caudal filafilin kifi. Shark fins ne fins yayin tuki: da dorsal, tsuliya da wutsiya hana karkacewa daga hanya. Domin sharks, babu iyo mafitsara, shi ne yafi muhimmanci aiki da wutsiya, kuma pectoral fins, sharks samar da zama dole buoyancy saboda da buoyancy.

Asarar m inuwõyi

Kammala bayyana fasali na waje tsarin da kifi, da kuma mu lura da cewa m fasali na zamani nau'in kamata a yi la'akari da asarar da nauyi m inuwõyi. Domin ferocious da yara, cartilaginous kifi, babu bukatar irin wannan kariya, kuma a maimakon su sun ɓullo da wani karfi m fata. A fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi da haihuwa harsashi da aka maye gurbinsu da wani haske sutura na nonoverlapping Sikeli kare dabbobi, amma ba m game da ƙungiyoyi.

A ciki tsarin kifi

Kifi magabatansu vertabrate mallaka da sauƙi kashin baya - bayar da goyon baya ga tsoka motsi. Ƙege kula da m katakanta, kunsha daga kashi, guringuntsi, ko modified ma'auni. Ta hanjinsu a fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi ne iyo mafitsara. Ciki lakã daukawa jini da gill jijiyoyi. A gills ake kare ta gill murfin. Kwakwalwa na da raya. Sharks suna musamman furta olfactory kwan fitila. Guda biyu koda ƙarya ƙarƙashin kashin baya, hanta - a baya da zuciya. Hanji tsuliya bude ƙare located a gaban genitourinary sau.

The ji gabobin da kifi

Domin da daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi don farauta, guje wa hadari ko ƙungiya a fakitin (ga manufar na gama tsaro) kifi da bukatar da-ɓullo da hankula, dogara sanar da su game da yanayi. Saboda haka, shark a gane ganima ya ɓullo da wani sosai da dabara ji na wari. Mutane da yawa kifi Keen gani, kuma su, sun bambanta karkashin ruwa da rawaya da kore da launukanku.

Mutane da yawa jinsunan da mai kyau kunne, a yi amfani da tsari na ji na sadarwa sakonni aboki ko garke. Gabar ji tana da wani ɓangare na labyrinth na can cikin kunne daga cikin dabbobin - sosai muhimmanci jiki da cewa bincika matsayi na jiki a sarari, kuma da mai kusurwa hanzari, shi wajibi ne don kula da sikẽli yayin yin iyo. A kifaye na teku da koguna da wani musamman jiki - kaikaice line, wanda ke aiki a matsayin wani kunne na vertabrate, amma ba su sansance ba sauti tãguwar ruwa, da kuma daban-daban twists a cikin ruwa, ya sa ta motsi.

sideline

Wannan jiki hidima a matsayin irin m tactile tsoka mai amsa sigina. A kaikaice line gudanar daga shugaban da wutsiya a garesu daga cikin kifi ta jiki. Yana da wani ruwa cika tashar, wanda aka haɗa zuwa waje iya shiga ramukan ma'auni. Kowane rami ne a m sashin jiki - neuromasts. Ya ƙunshi wani gelatinous salla - cupula - da kuma kungiyoyin na azanci shine gashi Kwayoyin, jijiya zaruruwa wanda aka aiko zuwa ga kwakwalwa.

kifi kwakwalwa

The bayanai daga gabar gabobin zo a cikin wani musamman kwakwalwa yankin, daga cikinsu akwai kuma gafala da cewa atomatik fara numfashi da kuma cardiac rhythms. ji da kuma auna gabobin Associated jijiyoyi da na baya, da kuma manyan olfactory kwararan fitila, olfactory, ko chemoreception - tare da forebrain. An yi imani da cewa chemoreception taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kewayawa, abinci mai gina jiki da kuma ma'abota. A mafi m kifi na kwakwalwa da iko da hali - shi ne mai gani hade da idanu. A cerebellum kula motsi da azanci shine bayani.

Saboda haka, mun bayyana ciki da kuma na waje tsarin da kifi. A ƙarshe, 'yan kalmomi game da haifuwa.

Yadda asali kifi

Asali wadannan dabbobi a hanyoyi daban-daban. A wasu akwai ciki hadi. wasu - waje. Bugu da kari, akwai dauke da lalurar mata tsakanin kifi. Amma abin Hanyar haifuwa, kifi ne sosai m. Alal misali, cod (hoton sama) a cikin mataki daya buttonhole zuwa miliyan 8 qwai, ko da yake da rinjaye - kawai dubban dubbai. Juveniles yawanci microscopic size, karo na farko da wani ɓangare na plankton. The girma na shi gangara kafin shi kai ga balaga, amma da yawa daga cikin jinsunan tsira. Masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni, misali, cewa a cikin Atlantic, akwai game da ¹⁰ Disamba herrings. Sea kifi ne wani muhimmin tushen furotin ga mutane.