A zamanin fada juyin mulki ne: tebur. Sakamako na zamanin na fada juyin mulki

Muhimmanci da kuma ban sha'awa mataki a cikin tarihi na Rasha akwai wani zamani daga 1725 zuwa 1762. A wannan lokaci shi ya kasance shida wadanada, kowanne daga abin da suka wasu siyasa. VO Klyuchevskii aptly mai suna shi - zamanin fada juyin mulki ne. Tebur a cikin wannan labarin zai taimaka wajen fahimtar cikin shakka daga events. The canji na iko, kamar yadda mai mulkin, sun shige ta da rikici, da cin amana da kuma kisan kai.

Yana duk ya fara da m mutuwa Bitrus I. Ya bar baya da wani "Yarjejeniya na maye" (1722) da wanda ya ikon zai iya da'awar wani babban adadin mutane.

A karshen wannan firgita epoch dauke zuwa ga ikon Catherine II. Ta sarautarsa, da yawa masana tarihi la'akari da wannan zamanin na haskaka absolutism.

Fage fada juyin mulki

Babban dalilin da duk gabanin events sun saba wa juna tsakanin jam'i na daraja kungiyoyin game jere. Su a haɗe kawai a gaskiyar cewa ya kamata mu sa wani wucin gadi dakatar a sake fasalin. Irin wannan hutu kowane daya daga gare su sun yi gani a nasa hanya. Bugu da kari, duk kungiyoyin daidai m manya m for iko. Saboda haka wannan zamanin na fada juyin, da tebur wanda aka nuna a kasa, aka iyakance zuwa kawai canza saman.

Mun riga mun ambata da hukuncin Bitrus I dangane da jere. Ya m gargajiya inji ta da ikon da aka canjawa wuri daga monarch ga m wakilan da namiji line.

Peter ban son ganin kansu a kan kursiyin bayan dansa saboda da cewa ya kasance wani abokin gaba na garambawul. Saboda haka ya yanke shawarar cewa monarch kadai zai iya kira da mai nema. Duk da haka, da ya mutu, da barin takarda da jumlar "Ka ba kome ...".

Talakawa aka rabu daga siyasa, da manyan gari ba raba gadon sarautar - Jihar share gwagwarmayar iko. Haka abin ya fara zamanin fada juyin. Charts, allunan da damar mafi hanya jini dangantaka duk pretenders a kan karaga.

Juyin mulki 1725 (Catherine A.)

A wannan lokaci shi kafa biyu adawa kungiyoyin. A farko kunshi A. Osterman da Menshikov. Sun nemi su canza wurin ikon zuwa bazawara Bitrus I zuwa Catherine Alekseevna.

Na biyu kungiyar, wanda ya hada da Duke na Holstein, ya so ya gina a kan gadon sarautar Bitrus II na (dan Alexis kuma jikan Bitrus I).

Clear predominance da Menshikov, wanda ya iya cimma Guard goyon baya da kuma zauna a kan gadon sarautar Catherine I. Duk da haka, shi ya ba da ikon gudanarwa ta jihar, don haka Grand kãshi Council aka halitta a 1726. Ya zama mafi girma da gwamnatin jiki.

Da ainihin m ya Menshikov. Ya hõre Council da kuma jin dadin da Unlimited amincewa daga cikin Empress. Shi ma daya daga cikin manyan Figures, lokacin da sarakuna na zamanin na fada juyin canza (Table bayyana duk abin da).

A Accession Bitrus II a 1727

Catherine na zamanin mulkin dade shekaru biyu kawai da. Bayan ta mutuwa, da tambaya da maye sake rataye a kan jihar.

A wannan lokaci, "Holstein kungiyar" karkashin jagorancin Anna Petrovna. Yana qaddamar ƙulla makirci a Menshikov kuma A. Ostermann, wanda ya ƙare unsuccessfully. Sarkin sarakuna da aka gane a matsayin matasa Bitrus. Ya shawarta kuma malami ya zama A. Osterman. Duk da haka, ya kasa samar da ake so tasiri a monarch, ko da yake shi ne har yanzu isa ya shirya da kuma gudanar da kifar da Alexander Menshikov a 1727.

A zamanin mulkin Anny Ioannovny 1730

Bitrus II zauna a kan gadon sarautar shekara uku, kuma ya mutu. Again, babban tambaya zama: "Wane ne zai dauki kursiyin?". Saboda haka ci gaba zamanin fada juyin. Tebur a kasa ya nuna abin da ke faruwa.

A taron fagen fama bayyana Dolgoruky, wanda ake yunƙurin sarauta Ekateriny Dolgorukoy. Ta kasance mai amarya na Bitrus II.

A yunkurin kasa, kuma ya contender zabi Golitsyn. Yana da aka Anna Ivanovna. Ya lashe shi ne kawai bayan sanya hannu na motsa jiki domin Koli kãshi Council, wadda ya ba rasa ba da tasiri.

Yanayin iyakance ikon da monarch. Ba da da ewa Empress karya shi ya sanya hannu a takardun da kuma dawo da autocracy. Tambayar da maye da aka yanke shawarar a gaba. Ba kasancewa iya saya da nasu 'ya'yan, ta sanar wa nan gaba magaji ga yaro na `yar. Yanã sanin yadda za a Peter III.

Duk da haka, ta 1740 a Elizabeth da kuma wani wakilin HALITTAR Welf haifi dan Yahaya wanda ya zama monarch nan da nan bayan da mutuwa Anny Ioannovny a watanni biyu. Ya regent Biron gane.

1740 juyin mulki da kuma Munnich

Regent ta sarautar dade makonni biyu. The juyin mulki da aka shirya da Field Marshal Munnich. Ya aka goyan bayan masu tsaro, masu kama Biron da kuma nada regent Uwar da jariri.

The mace ba iya gudu cikin jihar, da kuma duk a hannuwansu dauki Munnich. Ya daga baya maye gurbin A. Osterman. Ya kuma aika wani filin marshal a ja da baya. Period fada juyin (Table nuna a kasa) hadawa da wadannan shugabanni.

A Accession na Elizabeth da 1741

Nuwamba 25, 1741 ya faru wani juyin mulki. Ya wuce da sauri kuma ba tare da zubar da jini, da ikon da ke cikin hannun Elizabeth, 'yar Peter I. Ta tãyar ga mai tsaro short jawabin da ayyana kanta da Empress. Ya taimaka mata a cikin wannan Count Vorontsov.

Na yara ex-Sarkin sarakuna da mahaifiyarsa yana kurkuku a kagara. Munnich, Ostermann, Levenvolde aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa, amma sai aka maye gurbinsu da wani mahada zuwa Siberia.

Dokokin Elizaveta Petrovna ga fiye da shekaru 20.

The zuwa ga ikon Peter III

Elizaveta Petrovna gaji mahaifinsa gan dangi. Sai ta kawo daga Holstein dan. Ya aka ba sunan Peter III, ya tuba zuwa Orthodoxy. A Empress ya ba farin ciki tare da yanayi na nan gaba magaji. A wani kokarin magance halin da ake ciki, shi ne ya sa masa malaman, amma shi bai taimaka.

Domin procreation Elizaveta Petrovna aure shi zuwa Jamus Princess Sophia, wanda zai zama Catherine Mai girma. Su 'ya'ya biyu - a dan Paul kuma ya Anna.

Kafin mutuwarsa, Elizabeth za a rika sanya magaji na Paul. Duk da haka, ta bai yi kuskure ya yi haka. Bayan ta mutuwa, da kursiyin ya wuce zuwa dan dan'uwansa. Da manufofin da aka sosai mutane suke so biyu daga cikin mutane da kuma daga cikin nobility. A wannan yanayin, bayan mutuwar Elizabeth ya kasance a cikin wani sauri da za a lashe. Wannan shi ne dalilin da juyin mulki a kan wani ɓangare na matarsa, Catherine, a kan wanda rataye da barazana da dogon-saki (shi ya sau da yawa ya bayyana da sarki). Yana a hukumance kawo karshen zamanin da fada da juyin juya halin (tebur na samar da ƙarin bayanai game da yara laƙabi Empress).

Yuni 28, 1762. Catherine II Board

Zama matar Peter Fedorovich, Catherine soma nazarin Rasha harshen da kuma hadisai. Ta sauri assimilate sabon bayani. Yana taimaka mata ta tserewa bayan biyu gaza ciki da gaskiya cewa dogon-jiran dan Paul ya ɗauki ta nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Ta gan shi kawai bayan kwanaki 40. Yana da aka kawo har da Alisabatu. Ta mafarkin na zama empress. Irin wannan damar ta yi, kamar yadda Bitrus Fedorovich gaza sa kambi. Elizabeth dauki amfani da goyon bayan da masu gadi da kuma hambarar da mijinta. Mafi m, an kashe shi, amma na aikin version aka kira mutuwa ta colic.

Ta sarautar dade 34 shekaru. Ta ki zama regent ga ɗanta, ta ba shi kursiyin kawai bayan mutuwarsa. Ta sarautar nasa ne da zamanin haskaka absolutism. More takaice duk gabatar tebur "fadar juyin mulki."

takaita bayanai

Catherine zuwa ga ikon ya zo ga ƙarshe zamanin fada juyin mulki. Tebur ba la'akari da sarakuna, mulki bayan shi, ko da yake Paul bar gadon sarautar a sakamakon wani ƙulli.

Domin mafi fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a kusa da, la'akari da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma mutanen da suke da dangantaka da su, ta hanyar rungumar bayanai a kan topic "The zamanin fada juyin" (takaice).

Table "fadar juyin mulki"
gwamnan	ta sarautar	support
Catherine I, nee Maris Skavronskaya, matar Bitrus I	1725-1727, mutuwar dangantawa da tarin fuka ko wani hari na rheumatism	Guards regiments, Menshikov, P. Tolstoy, Koli kãshi Council
Petr Ii Alekseevich, jikan Petra Velikogo, ya mutu daga smallpox	1727-1730	Guards regiments, haife Dolgoruky, Madaukaki kãshi Council
Anna Ivanovna, a wurin 'yar Petra Velikogo, ya mutu na halitta haddasawa	1730-1740	Guards regiments, da Asirin Chancellery, Byron, A. Osterman, Munnich
John Antonovich (mai-dan wa na Petra Velikogo), uwarsa da regent Anna Leopoldovna	1740-1741	Jamus nobility
Elizaveta Petrovna, ya Petra Velikogo, ya mutu daga tsufa	1741-1761	Guards regiments
Peter III Fedorovich, jikan Petra Velikogo, ya rasu a karkashin m yanayi	1761-1762	Na yi ba hali
Ekaterina A., matar Peter Fedorovich, nee Sophia Augusta, ko kawai Fouquet, ya mutu daga tsufa	1762-1796	Tsare regiments, da kuma Rasha manyansu

Table of fada juyin vividly bayyana babban events na lokaci.

Sakamako na zamanin na fada juyin mulki

Palace juyin aka iyakance kawai ga gwagwarmayar iko. Su aka ba ɗauke da canji a cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma zamantakewa duniyoyin. The nobility rarraba kansu da ikon yin sarauta, a sakamakon shekaru 37 sun kasance shida shugabanni.

Zamantakewa da tattalin arziki karfafawa aka alaka da Catherine Elizabeth I da na II. Sun kasance sũ ne iya cimma wasu nasara a kasashen waje da manufofin da ke jihar.