Yakin duniya na II jikkata. A yakin duniya na biyu - tarihi. A yakin duniya na biyu - Tarayyar Soviet hasarori

Duniyar mu san wani yawa na jini fadace-fadace da kuma fadace-fadace. All mu tarihin kunshi daban-daban internecine rikice-rikice. Amma kawai mutum da kuma kayan asarar lokacin yakin duniya na II tilasta bil'adama don yin tunãni a kan muhimmancin kowa da kowa ta rayuwa. Kawai bayan da mutane suka fara gane yadda sauki shi ne ya saki gagarumin sarayya kuma yana da wuya a dakatar da shi. Wannan yaki ya nuna dukan al'ummai na duniya, da yadda muhimmanci shi ne ga duk duniya.

Darajar da nazarin karni na ashirin tarihi

Ƙaramin tsara wani lokacin bai fahimci bambanci tsakanin Great Patriotic War kuma yakin duniya na II. Tarihi a cikin shekaru bayan da ya sauke karatunsa,, sau da yawa sake rubutawa, don haka matasa ba haka sha'awar wadanda m events. Sau da yawa, wadannan mutane ba su ma san ainihin wanda ya dauki kashi a cikin wadanda suka faru da kuma asarar a yakin duniya na II sha wahala mutãne. Amma da tarihin kasar ba za a manta. Idan a yau to watch American fina-finai game da yakin duniya na biyu, wanda zai yi tunanin cewa kawai godiya ga US Army sanya yiwu nasara bisa Nazi Jamus. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ya zama dole a kawo su mu ƙaramin tsara rawar da Tarayyar Soviet a cikin wadannan bakin ciki events. A gaskiya, mafi girma hasarori a cikin yakin duniya na biyu shi ya sha wahala da mutane da Tarayyar Soviet.

Abubuwan da ake bukata na mummunan yaki

A makamai rikici tsakanin biyu a duniya soja da siyasa coalitions, wanda shi ne mafi girma a kisan kiyashin a tarihin 'yan adam ya fara 1. 09. 1939 (da bambanci da Great Patriotic War, wanda dade daga 22. 06. 1941 zuwa 05. 8. 1945 g). Yana ƙare kawai 2. 09. 1945 Kamar haka, wannan yaki dade 6 shekaru. A Sanadin wannan rikici da ɗan. Wadannan sun hada da: mai zurfi duniya rikicin a cikin tattalin arzikin, da m siyasa na wasu jihohi, da illar da na yanzu a lokacin da Versailles-Washington tsarin.

Mahalarta na kasa da kasa rikici

A wannan rikici zuwa mafi girma ko karami har, 62 kasashe sun shiga. Kuma wannan duk da cewa a lokacin a duniya akwai a total na 73 Sarkin jihohi. M fadace-fadace da ya faru a nahiyoyi uku. Sojan Ruwa fadace-fadace da aka yi yãƙi a cikin hudu tekuna (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific da kuma Arctic). Number of takaddama kasashen canja sau da yawa a lokacin yaki. Wasu jihohin da hannu a tashin aiki, yayin da wasu kawai ta kowane hanya don su taimaka wa hadin gwiwa masõya (kayan, kayan aiki, abinci).

A anti-Hitler hadaka

Da farko, akwai 3 a jihar a cikin kawance: Poland, Faransa, United Kingdom. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa shi ne bayan da hare-hare a wadannan kasashe Jamus ya fara gudanar da aiki fama ayyukan a kan ƙasa na wadannan kasashe. A 1941, a lokacin yakin da aka kõma zuwa kasashe irin su da Tarayyar Soviet, da Amurka, China. Bugu da ari, kawancen shiga ta Australia, Norway, Canada, da Nepal, da {asar Yugoslavia, ta Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Belgium, New Zealand, Denmark, Luxembourg, Albania, kungiyar tarayyar Afrika ta Kudu, San Marino da kuma Turkey. A daya mataki ko wani kawance masõya karfe da kuma kasashe irin su Guatemala, Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, Chile, Paraguay, Cuba da Ecuador da Venezuela da Uruguay, Nicaragua , Haiti, El Salvador, Bolivia. Sun shiga Saudi Arabia, da Habasha, da Lebanon, Liberia, Mongolia. A lokacin yakin, ga anti-Hitler kawance da aka shiga da wadanda Amurka wanda ya daina zama majibincin Jamus. Wannan Iran (tun 1941), Iraki da kuma Italiya (tun 1943), Bulgaria da Romania (a 1944), Finland da kuma Hungary (1945).

Yakin duniya II (Jamus masõya)

A gefe na Nazi kungiyar ne kasashe irin su Jamus, Japan, Slovakia, Croatia, Iraki da Iran (har 1941), Finland, Bulgaria da Romania (har zuwa 1944), Italy (har 1943), Hungary (har zuwa 1945), da Thailand da ta wakana, Manchukuo. A wasu sun shagaltar da yankuna da kawancen halitta yar tsana jihar, wanda kusan ya ba da tasiri a cikin duniya fagen fama fadace-fadace. Wadannan sun hada da: The Italian Social Jamhuriyar, Vichy Faransa, Albania, Sabiya, Mongoliya ta gida, Montenegro, Philippines, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam da kuma Laos. A gefe na Nazi kungiyar sau da yawa suka yi yãƙi, kuma daban-daban collaborationist sojojin da yawan mazaunan takaddama kasashen. The most of wadannan sun RON, ROA, SS Division yan kasashen waje (Ukrainian, Belarushiyanci, Rasha, Istoniyanci, Norway, Danish, 2 Belgium, Dutch, Latvian, Bosnian, Albanian da Faransa). A gefen wannan naúrar yi yaƙi sa kai sojojin tsaka tsaki kasashe irin su Spain, Portugal da kuma Sweden.

A sakamakon yaki

Duk da cewa a tsawon shekaru na yakin duniya na II sau da yawa canza jeri a duniya mataki, da sakamakon da shi shi ne cikakken nasarar da anti-Hitler hadaka. (- MDD rage tsawon) Bayan wannan babbar kungiyoyin kasa da kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka halitta. A sakamakon da nasara a wannan yaki da aka Hukuncin na Nazi akidar da kuma Nazi ban a lokacin Nyurbergskogo tsari. Bayan karshen duniya rikici muhimmanci rage Faransa da Birtaniya ta rawa a siyasar duniya, da kuma Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet ya zama na ainihi superpowers, rarraba a tsakãninsu da sabon duniyoyin da tasiri. kasashen biyu daga sansanin da aka kafa tare da diametrically tsayayya da siyasa tsarin (jari-hujja da gurguzanci). Bayan yakin duniya na II a duk faɗin duniya fara dauloli decolonization lokaci.

a fafata

Jamus, yakin duniya na II wanda ya yi wani yunkurin zama cikin tafin kafa superpower, ya jagoranci yaki da sau daya a cikin biyar yankunan:

• Yammacin Turai: Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Birtaniya, Faransa.
• Rum: Girka, {asar Yugoslavia, Albania, Italy, Cyprus, Malta, Libya, Misira, Arewacin Afrika, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq.
• Gabashin Turai: Tarayyar Soviet, Poland, Norway, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania da Bulgaria, Austria, {asar Yugoslavia, Barents, Baltic da kuma Black Sea.
• Afirka: Habasha, Somalia, Madagascar, Kenya, Sudan, Equatorial Afirka.
• Pacific (tare da haɗin gwiwar Japan): China, Korea ta kudu da Sakhalin, Far East, Mongolia, da Kuril Islands, Aleutian Islands, Hong Kong, Indochina, da Andaman Islands, Burma, Malaya, Sarawak, Singapore, Gollandaskaya Gabas Indies, Brunei, Papua New Guinea , Sabah, Papua, Guinea, da Solomon Islands, Hawaii, da Philippines, Midway, Mariana da kuma wasu Pacific tsibirin.

A farkon da kuma karshen yaki

A farko asara a yakin duniya na biyu ya fara gudu daga mamayewa na Jamus sojojin a kan ƙasa na Poland. Hitler ya dade kafa mataki na wani hari a kan jihar. 31. 08. 1939 Jamus manema ruwaito kama Polish soja radio station a Gleiwitz (ko da yake shi ne mai tsokanar yunkurin zagon kasa), a farkon 4:00 am 1. 09. 1939 jirgin ruwa na soja "Schleswig-Holstein" ya fara bombard da tabbatarwa a Westerplatte (Poland). Tare da sojoji zuwa zauna Slovakia Jamus ya zama wani ta ƙasa. Faransa da Birtaniya sun bukaci da Hitler ta janye sojojinta daga Poland, amma ya ƙi. Riga 09. 3. 1939 France, Australia, Ingila, New Zealand ayyana yaki kan Jamus. Sa'an nan kuma aka shiga da Canada, Newfoundland, kungiyar tarayyar Afrika ta Kudu, Nepal. Saboda haka da sauri ya fara samun lokacinta na jini yakin duniya na II. Tarayyar Soviet, ko da yake, da kuma kawo wani gaggawa akai conscription, to 22. 06. 1941, kuma ba su ayyana yaki kan Jamus. A cikin bazara na 1940 Hitler ta sojojin fara zama na Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg da kuma Netherlands. Bugu da ari, da Jamus sojojin tafi Faransa. A cikin watan Yuni 1940, a Hitler ta gefen fara yaki da Italiya. A cikin bazara na 1941 , Nazi Jamus da sauri kãma Girka da kuma {asar Yugoslavia. 22. 06. 1941 shi farmaki da Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin German gefen a wadannan tashin sun Romania, Finland, Hungary, Italy. A duk Soviet-German gaban, suka yi yaƙi har zuwa 70% na dukkan aiki Nazi rarrabuwa. Da shan kashi na abokan gaba, a wurin yaƙi a gare Moscow keta m Hitler shirin - "Blitzkrieg" (walƙiya yaki). Tare da wannan riga, a 1941, shi ya fara halittar anti-Hitler hadaka. 7. 12. 1941 bayan da Japan hari a kan Pearl Harbor zo a cikin yaki da kuma Amurka. The sojojin wannan kasa na dogon lokaci kokawa da abokan gābansa kawai a cikin tekun Pacific. Da ake kira na biyu gaban Great Britain da kuma Amurka ya yi alkawarin bude a lokacin rani na 1942. Amma, duk da mafi tsanani yãƙi a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet, da anti-Hitler kawance abokan ba ma m tafiyar da fama ayyukan a Yammacin Turai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Amurka da kuma Ingila jira total attenuation da Tarayyar Soviet. Kawai lõkacin da ya bayyana da cewa Soviet Army hanzari fara saki ba kawai ƙasarsu, amma kuma a Gabashin Turai, da kawayenta gaggauta bude na biyu gaban. Yana faru 6. 06. 1944 (2 shekaru bayan da aka yi alkawarinsa kwanan). Daga wannan lokacin da Anglo-American kawance ya nemi 'yanto Turai daga farko Jamus sojojin. Duk da wannan yunkurin na masõya, da Soviet Army farko sun shagaltar da Reichstag, inda kuma hoisted su flag nasara. Amma har ma da mika wuyansu da sallama na Jamus, bai tsaya yakin duniya na biyu. Ga wasu lokaci tashin kasance a Czechoslovakia. Har ila yau a cikin Pacific kusan bai daina fada. Kawai bayan harin bom na Hiroshima atomic ragargaza birane (08. 6. 1945) da kuma Nagasaki (9. 08. 1945), za'ayi da Amirkawa, da Japan sarki ya gane cewa aikin banza ne kara juriya. Wannan harin ya hallaka game da 300 da dubu. Fararen hula. Wannan jini na kasa da kasa rikici ƙare kawai 2. 09. 1945 Wannan rana Japan hannu da kayan aiki na sallama.

Wadanda ke fama da rikici duniya

A farko-manyan sikelin hasarori a cikin yakin duniya na II sha wahala da Polish mutane. The sojojin wannan kasa bai iya tsayayya da wani karfi abokin gaba a fuskar Jamus sojojin. Wannan yaki ya na da wani mataki mai tasiri a kan dukan 'yan adam. The yaki da aka kõma game da 80% na dukkan mutanen da suke rayuwa a duniya a wancan lokacin (fiye da 1.7 biliyan. Pers.). Soja ayyuka da ya faru a kan 40 kasashe. Domin 6 shekaru na duniya rikici a dakarun duk da sojojin da aka shirya a kusa da miliyan 110. Pers. Bisa ga latest mutum asarar adadin zuwa game da 50 miliyan. Mutane. A lokaci guda a gaban aka kashe kawai miliyan 27. Pers. Sauran wadanda suka fararen hula. Mai sun rasa rayukansu a kasashe irin su da Tarayyar Soviet (miliyan 27.), Jamus (13 miliyan), Poland (miliyan 6.), Japan (miliyan 2.5.), Kasar Sin (5 miliyan.). Jikkata wasu m kasashen su ne: {asar Yugoslavia, (. Miliyan 1.7), Italy (. 0.5 miliyan), Romania (. 0.5 miliyan), da UK (. 0.4 miliyan), Girka (0.4 miliyan. ), Hungary (0.43 miliyan.), France (0.6 miliyan.), USA (0.3 miliyan.), New Zealand, Australia (40 ths.), Belgium (88 ths.), Afirka (10 dubu )., Canada (40 ths.). A Nazi taro sansanonin fiye da miliyan 11. Mutane aka kashe.

Asarar da daga kasa da kasa rikici

Yana da ban mamaki da abin da asarar kawo bil'adama yakin duniya na biyu. Tarihi ya shaida ga 4 tiriliyan daloli, wanda ya tafi zuwa soja bayar wa. Mun yi jihohin abu halin kaka lissafta game da 70% na kasa da samun kudin shiga. Domin shekaru da dama, da masana'antu a kasashen da dama da aka gaba daya sake daidaitacce zuwa samar da kayan aikin soji. Saboda haka, United States, Tarayyar Soviet, United Kingdom, kuma Jamus a lokacin yakin samar da fiye da 600 dubu fama da sufuri da jirgin sama. Makamai na Duniya domin 6 shekaru ya zama mafi inganci, kuma m. A mafi m zukatan takaddama kasashen aka shagaltar kawai da ya kyautata. Mutane da yawa sabon makamai tilasta fito da yakin duniya na II. Tankuna a Jamus da kuma Tarayyar Soviet ne kullum kyautata a ko'ina cikin yaki. A wannan yanayin, shi halitta taba more nagartaccen inji don ya hallaka abokan gaba. Adadin su a cikin dubban. Saboda haka, kawai sulke da motocin, tankuna, kai-propelled bindigogi da aka kora a kan 280 dubu C conveyors soja shuke-shuke sauko a kan miliyan 1 daban-daban manyan bindigogi guda ... game da miliyan 5 bindigogi .; 53 Mill. Bindigogi, carbines da kuma bindigogi. Babban halaka da kuma lalata dubban birane da sauran ƙauyuka kawo tare da shi da yakin duniya na biyu. A tarihin 'yan adam, ba tare da shi iya tafi wani mabanbanta labari. Ya aka ja a da cin saboda ta dukkan kasashe domin shekaru masu yawa. Don kawar da tasirin sojojin kasa da kasa rikici sun bar babbar yawa kudi da kuma tilasta miliyoyin mutane.

asarar da Tarayyar Soviet

Very high farashin da za a biya domin cewa da sauri ƙare yakin duniya na biyu. Soviet asarar zambar game da miliyan 27. Pers. (At last lissafa a 1990). Abin baƙin ciki, don samun cikakken bayanai riga wuya don samun nasara, amma wannan adadi ne mafi gaskiya. Akwai da dama daban-daban, game da yawan asarar da Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, dauke kashe su, kõ suka mutu daga raunuka da karshen hanya game da 6.3 miliyan.; 0.5 miliyan mutuwar daga cututtuka masa hukuncin kisa kashe a hatsarori .; 4.5 miliyan. Bace da kuma POWs. Janar alƙaluma da asarar da na Tarayyar Soviet asusu na fiye da 26,6 miliyan. Pers. Bugu da kari ga manyan yawan wadanda ke fama da wannan rikici, Tarayyar Soviet sha wahala babbar kudi asarar. Bisa ga lissafin da suka yi fiye da 2.6 tiriliyan. Rub. A lokacin yakin duniya na II sun kasance partially ko gaba daya hallaka daruruwan garuruwa. A kan fuskar ƙasa da aka shafe fiye da 70 dubu kauyuka. 32 000 manyan masana'antu da kamfanonin aka gaba daya hallaka. An kusan gaba ɗaya halaka su da noma, Turai na Tarayyar Soviet. A da maimaitawa na kasar zuwa pre-ya dauki shekaru da dama na babban kokarin da babbar halin kaka.