Admiral Ushakov biography. Rasha sojan ruwa kwamandan, Admiral Fodor Fodorovich Ushakov

A cikin tarihi na mu sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa da isasshen shahararren mutane. Waɗannan su ne mutanen da suka yi karfi da tasiri a kan ci gaban da ba kawai da soja masana'antu, amma a daukacin kasar ta statehood. Daya daga cikin wadannan da aka Admiral Ushakov. A biography wannan gagarumar mutum, ganin wannan labarin.

Da shahararsa magana a kalla da cewa a cikin Navy na Rasha Empire da kuma Tarayyar Soviet da dama jiragen ruwa mai suna bayan shi. A musamman, ko da daya jirgin ruwa na soja na Soviet Navy. Tun shekarar 1944, akwai umarni da lambar yabo Ushakov. An suna bayan wani yawan wurare a Arctic.

farkon rayuwa

Fyodor Ushakov aka haife, nan gaba admiral, a wani karamin kauye Burnakovo, rasa a cikin sararin Moscow lardin, a watan Fabrairu 1745. Ya zo daga wani mai ƙasa ta iyali, amma ba ma mai arziki. Ba mamaki, dole ne ya je makaranta farkon domin ba don tilasta iyaye kashe kudi a kan da abun ciki. A 1766 ya yi karatu a ɗan jam'iyyar kadet Corps, samun daraja da sammacin jami'in. Ya sojan ruwa aiki ya fara a kan Baltic Sea. Ushakov nan da nan tabbatar da cewa wani m kwamandan da kuma wani jarumi.

Fara na sabis, da farko nasara

Tuni a cikin shekara 1768-1774, a lokacin farko da yaki tare da Turks, Ushakov motsa jiki umurnin da dama battleships. Ya kuma halarci jaruntakar tsaro na Crimean Coast.

A cikin Baltic Fyodor Ushakov ya umarci jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "St. Paul", kuma daga baya a kan shi ma ya yi ta miƙa mulki ga Bahar Rum. Ya za'ayi muhimmanci ayyukan su safarar katako a St. Petersburg masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. A 1780, ya ko da nada shugaban na sarki jirgin ruwa mai filafili, amma nan gaba admiral ki yarda da wannan m post da koke-koke don canja wurin mayar da layin jirgin. Sa'an nan Ushakov samu daraja da kyaftin na biyu rank.

Tun 1780 har zuwa watan Julin 1782 ya umarci jirgin ruwa na soja "Victor". A wannan lokacin, Ushakov kullum a kan hanyoyi: da shi da ƙungiya kare cinikayya hanyoyi daga English privateers, wanda quite unbelted a lokacin.

Aikin a cikin halittar Black Sea jiragen ruwa

Daya yi musamman da aka sani Admiral Ushakov. Tarihinsa ya hada da cewa wannan mutumin yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa duk Black Sea jiragen ruwa. Tun 1783 ya aka tsunduma a cikin shiri na Sevastopol tushe ga jiragen ruwa, da kaina dubawa da horo na sabon crews a kan jirgin ruwa. By 1874, Ushakov ya zama kyaftin na farko rank. Sa'an nan, ya yarda aka Order of St. Vladimir 4-th mataki domin ta yaki da annobar cutar a Kherson. Bayan haka, ya aka ɗõra wa ɗaukar umurninMu na jirgin "St. Paul" da kuma aka ba da daraja na Birgediya kyaftin.

The yaki tare da Turks

A lokacin wani yaki tare da Turks, daga 1787 har zuwa 1791, an mai suna Ushakov kisa mafi daraja nasarori na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Saboda haka, a cikin tẽku, fadace-fadace a kusa Fidonisi Islands (yanzu kira Maciji), wanda ya faru Yuli 3, 1788, Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov da kaina dubawa sahun gaba wajen hudu frigates. A Turkiyya jiragen ruwa a lokacin kunshi kawai 49 jirãge, umarta ta Eski-Hassan.

Mu sani kawai, da 36, daga jirgi da shafi tasoshin - biyar sau kasa. Yana Ushakov, da basira maneuvering, kuma ba tare da bada Turks m, gudanar ya yaqi kashe biyu da suka fi jiragen ruwa na line, da jawo wuta da bindigogi, ta gudu. Sa'o'i uku dade da wannan yaƙi, da sa a cikin dukan Turkish jiragen ruwa ya zaɓi ya ja da baya. A lokacin wannan yakin a nan gaba Admiral Ushakov (ya biography da aka bayyana a cikin labarin) da aka kãwo wa da Cavaliers na St. George.

sabon feats

A shekaru biyu, a kan sojan ruwa fadace-fadace ba kafa. Duk da haka, a 1790 a karkashin gudanar da Ushakov aika da dukan Black Sea jiragen ruwa. An aiki jami'in nan da nan ya fara horar da crews na babban layin tasoshin. Ba da da ewa I yana da damar duba fitar da aikin: daga Sinope rundujar soja masu dawaki Rear Admiral Ushakov bamai kusan talatin maƙiyi jiragen ruwa. A mayar da martani, da dukan Turkish rundujar soja masu dawaki shiga hari. A jira wannan, a talented tawagar gaba ya jagoranci rundunar da kuma kafa shi don anga kusa da Kerch mashigar domin toshe wata nasara Turkish jiragen ruwa don Crimea da kuma hana saukowa daga maƙiyi hari. Haka abin ya fara da Kerch sojan ruwa yaƙi. Daga bisani, shi shiga kusan dukkanin litattafan kan sojan ruwa yaki, kamar yadda dabaru amfani sa'an nan an admiral, sun ga lokacin da gaske ci gaba.

sabon yaƙin

Duk da haka, nan da nan Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich (wanda biography ƙunshi mutane da yawa irin wannan aukuwa) ya yanke shawarar hadu da Baturke rundujar soja masu dawaki. Wannan gwaji ya tabbatar da rinjãya ga Turks: yanã fãtan iska mai dãɗi, sai suka yanke shawarar karkata karkata guda a Rasha rundunar motoci, kuma ya halaka shi.

Duk da haka, su shirya don Ushakov bayyane, amma saboda an dace ba da umurnin sake gina tare da haskaka 'yan battleships zuwa dogara rufe da avant-garde. Lokacin da na karshe na Turks daura da yaƙi, da sauran Rasha jiragen ruwa ya isa. By da ƙarfe uku na yamma iska ya fara so mu jiragen ruwa. Biyu squadrons, daga jirgi ya fara converge da sauri, kuma nan da nan su manyan bindigogi shiga cikin siga duel.

Rasha Gunners nuna kansu a cikin wannan yaki kawai lafiya. Ba da da ewa, mafi yawan Turkish jiragen ruwa saboda nauyi halaka kayan aiki ba zai iya shiga cikin fama. A little more, da kuma Rasha ya fara yi tasbĩhi game da cika kuma mika wuyansu da nasara. A Turks gudanar ya tsere kawai da mafi alhẽri yi na ta karami, kuma nimble jiragen ruwa. Saboda haka labarin da Black Sea jiragen ruwa a bayansa da tare da wani daraja nasara.

Wasu masu tarihi sun ce cewa a cikin wannan yaƙin, maƙiyi bai rasa guda jirgin sunk, amma jihar na Turkish jiragen ruwa ne irin wannan cewa ta zuwa yãƙi daidai iya ba a cikin watanni masu zuwa. Bugu da kari, su crews sun sha wahala babbar asarar a manpower, da kuma saukowa sojojin da aka tsanani frayed. A Rasha kawai ya kashe mutane 29. Shi ne a cikin girmamawa wannan nasara a 1915, daya daga cikin battleships na rundunar da aka bai wa sunan "Kerch".

Battle kusa Tendra

A lokacin rani marigayi 1790, akwai wani fairly gagarumin Yakin TENDRA inda rundujar soja masu dawaki Ushakova ba zato ba tsammani sanadin tuntuɓe, a kan Turks, wanda da yardar kaina sa a anga. Admiral watsi da duk hadisai na rundunar, ta umarci wani hari a kan tafi, ba tare da dogon rebuilds. Amincewa a nasarar da aka ƙara rura wutar by gaban wanda ya zama wani gargajiya ajiye na hudu frigates.

Turkish rundujar soja masu dawaki umarce Kapudan Pasha Hussein. Ya kasance wani gogaggen sojan ruwa kwamandan, amma ko da ya tilasta koma baya bayan sa'o'i da dama na tsanani fama. A flagship na Rasha jiragen ruwa "Kirsimeti" a karkashin umurnin Ushakov jagoranci lokaci daya yaƙi da har zuwa uku maƙiyi jiragen ruwa. Lokacin da Turks sun garzaya tserewa, Rasha jiragen ruwa ya bi su har dare, sa'an nan kuma ya anga.

Kashegari da yaƙi koma tare da sabunta kuzari. A 'yan sa'o'i yaƙi ya ƙare a cikin cikakken nasara ga mu jiragen ruwa. Domin wannan da admiral ba da Order of St. George ta 2 nd digiri, da ɗari biyar serfs, sanya wa Mogilev lardin. Bayan haka, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, a takaice, ya zama "full a hankali" mallaki gidaje gonaki. Duk da haka, a kan su kadarori, ya kusan ba ziyarci, kullum kasancewa aiki jiragen ruwa.

Battle of Kaliakra sabon nasarori

A ƙasar, Turkey ya sha fama da m rauni. Sultan Pasha yanke shawarar zuwa yãƙi da baya, shan fansa a kan teku. Warships da aka tattara a cikin daular, kuma nan da nan kusa Istanbul ya wuce yarda da m jiragen ruwa. Ya kasance a cikin adadin 78 jiragen ruwa nan da nan anchored kusa Cape Kaliakra. Tun wannan lokacin ne ya fara Musulmi hutu na Eid al-Adha, wasu daga cikin crews An saki zuwa ga tudu.

Duk da haka, gwamnatin Rasha a cikin wannan lokaci na farkon na tattaunawa da raunana abokan gaba, saboda haka cewa Turks sun kawai ma farin ciki. Amma da admiral bai sani game da shi Ushakov (ya biography haka a bayansa da wani yaki) a lokacin da ya samu da Baturke jiragen ruwa. Bisa ga tsohon al'ada, sai nan da nan ya ba da umarni don sake gina a stowed matsayi, a lokaci guda da harbe-harben a maƙiyi jiragen ruwa daga duk bindigogi.

A Turks kokarin maimaita rawar daji karkashin wuta yayin yin fim hari. Haka abin ya fara yakin Cape Kaliakra. Mun riga mun ambata da flagship na Rasha jiragen ruwa "Kirsimeti" in tafi yaƙi da abokan gaba. Jim kadan bayan cewa makiya jiragen ruwa da aka tarwatsa, da kuma a 1791 karshe sanya hannu a yarjejeniya da su.

A post-yaki aiki

Bayan da yaki, Admiral kishin dukan lokaci da makamashi da shirye-shiryen da kuma ci gaban da Black Sea jiragen ruwa. A 1793 ya aka ciyar da su Vice Admiral. A wannan lokacin, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, wanda biography ne cike da gagarumin events, riga yana da wata babbar suna a cikin Navy, ya aka mutunta ko da maƙiyansu.

Kuma akwai faru a m bi da bi tarihi, Rasha a cikin kungiyar hadin kan Faransa zama Majibinci na Turkey, da wanda Ushakov suka yi jihãdi a 'yan shekaru da suka wuce. A lokacin da Rum balaguro na 1798-1800 Admiral ta kai ziyara a Istanbul, inda ya rundujar soja masu dawaki shiga cikin rundunar motoci Kadir Bey. The aiki ya wuya: don saki da yawa daga cikin tsibiran (ciki har da Corfu kuma Greek), da kuma fito ya shiga har da Birtaniya karkashin umurnin Nelson.

shan Corfu

Kusan duk da shirya hari da aka kama a kan gudu, amma Corfu ya da wani iko sansanin soja, amma saboda farko Ushakov umurce su da su yi shi a cikin kõgi kawancen. Dakaru a united rundujar soja masu dawaki da aka bai isa ba, don haka tunani game da kai hari da aka bai kai ba. Bayan wani dogon da naci tattaunawar da Turkiyya gefen karshe aika 4.5 dubu sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa da kuma wani 2000 sun gida mayakan. Shi yiwuwa a yi shirin ya dauki abu.

Rasha paratroopers, a karkashin wuta daga Fort komai a fili, da sauri ya fara gina biyu manyan bindigogi batura. Sauran dakaru da aka umurce su da su kai farmaki da m tabbatarwa daga Faransa. A lokaci guda shi ya fara hadari tsibirin Vido, wanda sojojin suka mika wuya da sauri.

Sojan Ruwa manyan bindigogi nasara wajen tsayayya da Faransa baturi, sa'an nan da hari ya fara. An sauri kama da wani ɓangare na bango, sa'an nan sojojin gane cewa kara juriya ga wani abu mai kyau so ba. A cikin admiral ta jirgin "St. Paul" da aka qaddamar tattaunawar for sallama.

Career jami'in diflomasiyyar

A lokacin wannan aiki Ushakov aka ciyar da su da cikakken admiral. Ko da Turks gabatar da tsohon maƙiyi da yawa m kyautai, suka gane soja iyawa. Bin wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, da Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki rayayye taimaka ƙasa sojojin Suvorov, wanda a lokacin da aka hannu a Arewacin Italiya. Rayayye aiki a cikin Rum, Rasha Admiral gaba daya a ɗaure cinikayya hanyoyi na abokan gaba, a lokaci guda tarewa da mashigai na Genoa da Ancona. Saukowa cikin jirgin daidai bambanta kansa a lokacin farmaki da saki da sojojin Faransa a Naples da kuma Roma.

A wannan lokaci, da tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa mamakin kowa da kowa tare da basira da dabara da kuma kere jami'in diflomasiyyar wanda ya iya bice tushen matsalolin da kuma yi shawarwari tare da abokan adawar. Shi ne ya yi da gudummawar da samuwar Jamhuriyar Bakwai Islands a kasar Girka, tare da sauran kasashen halitta a Greek majalisar dattijai. Gabatarwa da sabon umarni kasance farin ciki tare da kusan duk tsibirin. Wadannan sababbin abubuwa sanya shahara da Ushakov a wadanda sassa, amma ya sa matsananci damunsu na Alexander I.

ritaya

Dukan waɗanda watanni shida da cewa admiral yi da Ionian Islands da aka ci gaba da rabo, mai girma. Yan unguwa bi sojan ruwa kwamandan kamar yadda su liberator daga Faransa zama. Mahaifarsa rundujar soja masu dawaki koma Satumba 26, 1800, moored a Sevastopol. Sarkin sarakuna ya musamman m da Republican ra'ayoyi na Ushakov, amma wani abu ba zai iya ba tare da shi, saboda tsoron da dauki daga cikin sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa. A 1802, aka cire daga gaske da muhimmanci yankunan, nada shugaban na kwale jiragen ruwa a cikin Baltic Sea da sansanonin horas da mayaka domin Mariners.

Duk da haka, Ushakov kuma ya ya yi farin ciki da shi: shekaru masu yawa na Voyages bai inganta kiwon lafiya, amma saboda riga a 1807 ya yi ritaya. A lokacin da Faransa hari a 1812, ya jagoranci Tambov mayakan, amma saboda matalauta jiki walwala da kaina a yaƙi da aka ba da hannu. Mutu Mabayyani admiral a 1817, aka yi babban binne shi a sufi Sanaskarskom.

Ban sha'awa facts game da rayuwa

A cikin tarihi na seafaring Ushakov a duk faɗin duniya zo ba kawai a matsayin yarda da juna, da kowa a k'wallaye Admiral, amma kuma kamar yadda marubucin wani sabon dabara na sailing jiragen yaki. Ya biya mai girma da hankali ga horo na crews na kowane jirgin da ya rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda ya sa shi baya daga shugabannin masu shekaru. Admiral son qarqashinsu, ya yi tauri da kuma m, amma ba m.

Abin da kuma yake a san Ushakov? Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da shi ban mamaki: a lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet umarni da lambar yabo da sunansa da aka kafa, shi ya bayyana ... cewa babu wanda ya san yadda za a duba mai girma sojan ruwa kwamandan a gaskiya. Kawai ya hoto kwanan rana 1912, lokacin da Admiral shekara ɗari kamar yadda ya ba da rai. Warware matsalar ya miƙa wa sanannen masanin tarihin mutum Gerasimov: Admiral crypt aka bude (kuma ya juya daga cewa wasu Vandals riga gudanar da yayi sata duk sirri mallakarmu duka da zinariya takobi), da kwanyar masanin kimiyya dauki ma'aunai a kan abin da maimaitawa na image da aka halitta. Wannan ya faru a shekarar 1944.

Amma dai ba duka. A zamaninmu, wannan fitaccen mutum da aka canonized da Orthodox Church. Yanzu tsarki Admiral Ushakov kare duk matafiya, da waɗanda suke kawai za a hau kan wani dogon tafiya.

Kuma wanda mafi gaskiya. A Sanaksar sufi yana da biyu kaburbura ... Feodor Ushakov. Daya daga cikinsu - da Admiral. A sauran nasa ne da ya kawu, wanda lokacin da yake rayuwa shi ne mazaunin na sufi. By nazarin archives, masu bincike gano cewa, shahararren ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na son ya zauna a cikin wadannan ganuwar, Allaha daga madding taron. Shi ya sa ya rubuta nufinsa, bisa ga abin da shi ne za a binne shi kusa da kawunsa.