Ƙirgar jirgin. Battleships na Rasha na mallaka Navy

Jirgin ruwa na soja - a sailing warship daga wani itacen da yake da wata gudun hijira har zuwa 6 dubu ton .. Suna da 135 bindigogi a tarnaƙi, shirya a dama layuka, kuma har zuwa 800 ma'aikatan jirgin. Wadannan tasoshin da aka yi amfani da yaƙin ta hanyar teku tare da yin amfani da abin da ake kira mikakke fama dabara a 17-19 ƙarni.

A bayyanar battleships

Sunan "mikakke jirgin" ne da aka sani tun lokacin sailing jiragen ruwa. A lokacin da teku yaƙi mnogopalubniki sahu a daya line ba a Salvo na bindigogi a kan abokan gaba. Shi ne na lokaci daya wuta daga duk kan-jirgin bindigogi sãmar da gagarumin lalacewar makiya. Ba da da ewa, wannan dabara zama da aka sani da yaƙi line. A yi jiragen ruwa a cikin layi a lokacin teku fadace-fadace da aka farko amfani da harshen Turanci da kuma Spanish fleets a farkon 17th karni.

Magabatansu na battleships ne galleons da nauyi da makamai, Carrack. A farko ambatar su bayyana a Turai a farkon 17th karni. Wadannan model battleships sun da yawa m kuma guntu galleons. Wadannan halaye yarda su rawar daji da sauri, cewa shi ne zuwa layi up dab da abokan gaba. Yana da ya wajaba don gina irin wannan hanyar da cewa hanci na gaba jirgin da aka dole directed don ciyar da baya daya. Me ya sa ba ji tsoron sa da jirãge a karkashin maƙiyi hari? Saboda multilayer itace bangarorin sun dogara da kariya daga makiya jirgin kernels.

A tsari na zama battleships

Ba da da ewa bayyana mnogopalubny jirgin ruwa na soja sailing, wanda shi ne fiye da 250 da shekaru, ya zama wata babbar hanyar jangwalo yaki a teku. Ci gaba ba tsaya har yanzu, godiya ga sabuwar hanyoyin da lissafi na gine-gine ya zama zai yiwu a yanke gun tashoshin jiragen ruwa a wasu da'ira a farkon sosai na yi. Haka ne, ya yiwuwa yin lissafi da ƙarfi daga cikin jirgin kafin shi ne kaddamar. A cikin tsakiyar karni na 17th, akwai bambanci a fili tsakanin azuzuwan:

1. A tsohon biyu maikashi. Yana jiragen ruwa wanda cikas suna located daya sama da sauran. Suna sanya wa 50 bindigogi, da harbe-harben a maƙiyi ta taga, a gefe na jirgin. Wadannan craft sun ba da karfi isa ya kula da layin yaƙi, da kuma ne, yafi amfani a matsayin ayarin rakiya.
2. Biyu-bene jiragen ruwa mikakke da yawan bindigogi 64 zuwa 90 wakiltar babban ɓangare na rundunar motoci.
3. Uku- ko hudu-jirãge, 98-144 fama da bindigogi, taka rawar da zakarun. Rundunar motoci dauke da 10-25 irin jiragen ruwa ke iya mallakar cinikayya Lines a taron na soja mataki don toshe su ga abokan gaba.

Bambance-bambance daga sauran battleships

Tanã gudãna, kayan aiki daga frigates da battleships na wannan - uku-mast. A kowane dole gabatar square filafili. Amma duk da haka da jirgin ruwa mai filafilai da jirgin layi da wasu bambance-bambance. Tsohon yana daya kawai rufaffiyar baturi, a mikakke mahara motocin. Bugu da kari, yawan bindigogi a karshen ne yafi kamar yadda wannan kuma ya shafi tsawo daga cikin dutsen ado. Amma frigates mafi maneuverable da kuma iya aiki ko a cikin kududdufi ruwa.

Daga galleon jirgin filafili mike layin ne daban-daban. Bugu da kari, cikin karshen yana da wani rectangular hasumiya a kan mãsu kauri, kuma a kan baka latrine. Jirgin ruwa na soja galleon kuma mafifici a gudu da kuma maneuverability, kuma a cikin wani manyan bindigogi yaƙi. A karshen ne mafi dace domin da takardar fama. Bugu da kari, su sukan yi amfani da su safarar sojoji da kuma kayayyaki.

A bayyanar battleships a Rasha

Kafin zamanin Peter ban da irin Tsarin a Rasha. A farko Rasha jirgin line ake magana a kai a matsayin "Goto tsãri". By da twenties na 18th karni a Rasha na mallaka Navy ya zuwa da 36 wannan tasoshin. A farkon shi ne mai cikakken kwafin Yammacin model, amma daga karshen zamanin Bitrus I, mikakke Rasha jiragen ruwa suka fara yi da kansa rarrabe fasali. Sun kasance ya fi guntu, ya kasa shrinkage, wanda adversely rinjayar da seaworthiness. Wadannan jiragen ruwa ake sosai dace da yanayi na Tekun Azov, sa'an nan da Baltic Sea. Kai tsaye da hannu a cikin zane da kuma gina sarki da kansa ya dauki. Its sunan - Rasha na mallaka Navy sa a ja damarar sojojin ruwa tare da Rasha 22 ga watan Oktoba, 1721 a kan Afrilu 16, 1917. Sojan Ruwa jami'an iya kawai bauta wa mutane daga manya da seamen a cikin jirãge - recruits daga kowa mutane. A sabis rai na Navy kasance a gare su lifelong.

Jirgin ruwa na soja "manzanninsa"

"12 Manzanni" da aka kafa a 1838 da kuma kaddamar a 1841 a birnin Mykolayiv. Yana da wani jirgin da 120 cannons a kan jirgin. A total akwai 3 Rasha sojojin ruwa jirgin ruwa na da irin wannan. Wadannan jiragen sun bambanta ba kawai domin ta ladabi da kyau na da tsari, da ba su da daidaita a wurin yaƙi a cikin sailboats. Jirgin ruwa na soja "12 Manzanni" shi ne na farko da wani ɓangare na Rasha na mallaka Navy, wanda ya sabon paixhans gun makamai.

da jirgin ya ƙaddara ne irin wannan cewa ya bai iya shiga a cikin wani yaki na Black Sea jiragen ruwa. Jikinsa kasance m, kuma ba tukuna samu wani ramukan. Amma wannan jirgin ya zama wata model cibiyar horaswa, shi tsiraru da tabbatar da tsaro na Rasha mata kagarai da birãnensu a West Caucasus. Bugu da kari, da jirgin ke tsunduma a harkokin sufuri na sojojin da ƙasa suka tafi zuwa cikin dogon tafiya ga 3-4 watanni. Daga bisani, da jirgin ruwa ya malale, lokacin.

Dalilan battleships rasa muhimmanci

A matsayi na katako, jirãge na line matsayin babban karfi na cikin teku girgiza saboda ci gaban da manyan bindigogi. Tã bom bindigogi sauƙi tsinkãyi itace jirgin bama-cushe da sako-sako da foda, game da shi, haddasa tsanani lalacewar abin hawa da kuma haddasa gobara. Idan kafin manyan bindigogi ba wakiltar wani babban barazana ga jiragen ruwa 'hulls, da jefa bom bindigogi iya fara a kasa na Rasha battleships kawai' yan dozin hits. Tun wannan lokacin, akwai wata tambaya game da kariya na Tsarin sanya daga karfe makamai.

A 1848, ya ƙirƙira dunƙule propeller da kuma gwada da iko tururi injuna, don haka katako sailboats sannu a hankali ya fara barin mataki. Wasu jiragen ruwa suka refitted kuma sanye take da tururi raka'a. Har ila yau, da dama manyan jirãge, da filafili aka saki, su al'ada kira mikakke.

Battleships na Rasha na mallaka Navy

A 1907, wani sabon aji na tasoshin, a Rasha an kira su mikakke, ko a rage tsawon fom - battleships. Wannan sulke manyan bindigogi warships. Hijirar ne 20 zuwa 65 dubu. Ton. Idan muka kwatanta da mikakke jiragen ruwa 18th karni da kuma battleships, da karshen da tsawon na daga 150 zuwa 250 m. A makamai da zamo makami daga 280 zuwa 460 mm. The ƙungiya daga jirgin ruwa na soja - daga 1500 zuwa 2800 mutane. Sun yi amfani da jirgin ya hallaka abokan gaba a cikin abun da ke ciki na sojoji da kuma manyan bindigogi goyon baya ga ƙasa yadda ake gudanar. Sunansa da aka bai wa jiragen ruwa ba kawai a cikin memory daga cikin shipping Lines, kamar yadda ga dalilin cewa su ya rayar da layin yaƙi dabara.