Tallan kayan kawa, saukarwa a cikin lissafi, da tattalin arziki da kuma kimiyyar kwamfuta

A cikin embodiment, sikelin model wakiltar wani image, zane map, bayanin, an kama wani sabon abu ko tsari. A sabon abu ne ake kira da asali ilmin lissafi ko tattalin arziki model.

Mene ne tallan kayan kawa?

Tallan kayan kawa ne mai nazarin wani abu da tsarin. Domin da aiwatar da aka gina da kuma bincikar wani model.

All kwaikwaiyo mataki ya shafi wani kimiyya gwaji, da abu na wanda shi ne m, ko haƙiƙa model. Lokacin dauke da fitar da wani takamaiman abu na gwaji maye gurbin makirci ko Sauki model (copy). A wasu lokuta, tãra wani aiki model zuwa ta misali ga fahimtar inji na aiki, don nazarin tattalin arziki yiwuwa da za'a aiwatar da sakamakon kwarewa a cikin kasuwar tattalin arzikin. A wannan sabon abu za a iya daukan daban-daban model.

The bincike dole ne a zabi zama dole matakai na yin tallan kayan kawa, kyau duka yin amfani da su. A amfani da model dacewa a lokuta inda real abu bai samu ba, ko gwaje-gwajen da shi ake dangantawa da tsanani matsalolin muhalli. A halin yanzu model ne amfani a yanayi inda real gwaji ya shafi gagarumin kudi halin kaka.

Features na ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa

A kimiyya, ilmin lissafi model suke da muhimmanci, kazalika da kayayyakin aiki, don su - ilmin lissafi Concepts. Don da yawa millennia, sun tara, modernized. A zamani lissafi akwai duniya, da kuma iko da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike. Duk wani abu dauke "Sarauniyar kimiyya", wakiltar wani ilmin lissafi model. Ga wani cikakken bincike na zaba abu zabi matakai na ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa. Tare da su taimako rarrabe bayani, fasali, dabiu, codify da bayanai, yin cikakken bayanin irin abu.

Ilmin Lissafi formalization unshi da tarbiyyar da bincike na musamman Concepts: matrix aiki, wanda aka samu, m, lambobi. Wadanda dangantaka da nasabar ba zai iya samu a cikin abu a karkashin binciken tsakanin bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa da kuma cikakken bayani an rubuta ilmin lissafi dangantaka: lissafai, daidaituwar, equalities. A sakamakon haka, a sabon abu da aka shirya ilmin lissafi bayanin irin tsari da kuma, sabili da haka, ta ilmin lissafi model.

Dokokin na karatu ilmin lissafi model

Akwai wasu domin na kwaikwaiyo matakai, wanda ba ka damar yin sadarwa tsakanin dalili da kuma sakamako. A tsakiyar zane mataki na wani bincike da tsarin shi ne ya gina wani cikakken ilmin lissafi model. Shi ne ingancin da ayyukan yi kai tsaye dogara kan kara bincike na abu. Construction na ilmin lissafi ko tattalin arziki model ba m hanya. Ya kamata ya zama dadi don amfani, m, da cewa babu wani murdiya a sakamakon bincike.

A kan rarrabuwa na ilmin lissafi model

Biyu iri: deterministic da stochastic model. Deterministic model bayar da shawarar kafa daya-to-daya rubutu tsakanin canji amfani da su bayyana sabon abu ko abu.

Irin wannan m dogara ne a kan bayanai kan aiki manufa daga cikin abu. A lokuta da dama, da abunda aka kwaikwaya sabon abu yana da wani hadadden tsarin, to decrypt yana daukan lokaci mai tsawo da kuma ilimi. A irin wannan yanayi, an zabi irin tallan kayan kawa, saukarwa da cewa za su gudanar da wani a kan asali gwaje-gwajen, yi aiki na da sakamakon, ba tare da faruwa a cikin msar tambayar halaye na abu. Mafi sau da yawa amfani da statistics da kuma yiwuwar samun ka'idar. A sakamakon haka ne stochastic model. A can ne bazuwar dangantaka tsakanin canji. A babbar dama daban-daban dalilai ne bazuwar sa na canji, wanda shi ne halin da sabon abu ko abu.

Modern kwaikwaiyo, saukarwa ana amfani da rikicewar kuma tsauri model. A tsaye bayanin irin nau'i na dangantaka tsakanin canji generated mamaki ba shan la'akari canje-canje a cikin babban sigogi na lokaci. Dynamic model bayyana Hadin tsakanin canji ne da za'ayi shan la'akari da lokaci canje-canje.

Irin model:

• m.
• mai hankali.
• matasan

Matakai daban-daban na ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa da damar mu mu bayyana a mikakke model, dangantaka da kuma ayyuka ta amfani da wani kai tsaye mahada canji.

Mene ne bukatun don model?

• Versatility. A tsarin ya zama wani cikakken nuni da duk da kaddarorin muhimmi ga real abu.
• Adequacy. Muhimmanci halaye na wani abu kada wuce qaddara darajar kuskure.
• Daidaito. Characterizes mataki na daidaituwa halaye na data kasance abu a gaskiya, da wannan sigogi samu a cikin binciken na model.
• Tattalin arzikin. A tsarin ya zama wani m abu halin kaka.

matakai na yin tallan kayan kawa

Babban matakai na ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa.

• Task Selection. Zaba haƙiƙa na binciken, zabi hanyoyin da ta aiwatar, da dabarun samar da gwaji. Wannan lokaci ya shafi wani tsanani aiki. Yana da har zuwa correctness na aiki ya dogara da karshen sakamakon da kwaikwaiyo.

• Analysis msar tambayar kwasfanta, Summing da bayanai samu game da abu. Irin wannan mataki ya shafi zabin ko halittar da ka'idar. A cikin rashi na msar tambayar ilmi game da abu kafa causal dangantaka tsakanin dukkan canji zaba don bayyana sabon abu ko abu. A wannan mataki, sanin da na farko da kuma karshe data hypothesize.
• Formalization. Ake amfani da su zabi tsarin da musamman alamomin don taimaka rikodin a cikin nau'i na ilmin lissafi maganganu, dangantaka tsakanin aka gyara daga cikin abu.

Tarawa da algorithm

Bayan kafa model sigogi zaba takamaiman Hanyar ko bayani Hanyar.

• Aiwatar da ɓullo da model. Bayan ka zabi tsarin tallan kayan kawa mataki, kafa wani shirin da ake gwada da kuma amfani da su warware matsalar.
• Analysis na tattara bayanai. An misalin tsakanin aiki da kuma samu bayani ne m da tallan kayan kawa kuskure.
• Dubawa da fit na model zuwa real abu. Idan akwai wani gagarumin bambanci, da sabon tsarin da aka ɓullo da tsakanin su. Har sai, har sai da cikakken Fit na da model zuwa ta real analogue, gudanar da tsaftacewa, canza sassa.

Feature tallan kayan kawa

A tsakiyar karni na karshe, a cikin rãyuwar zamani mutumin bayyana sarrafa kwamfuta kayan aiki, ta ƙara munasaba na ilmin lissafi hanyoyin domin nazarin abubuwa da mamaki. Akwai sassan kamar "Ilmin Lissafi Chemistry", "ilmin lissafi harsuna", "ilmin lissafi da tattalin arziki", kishin nazarin mamaki, abubuwa da aka halitta da babban matakai na yin tallan kayan kawa.

Su babban manufar da aka Hasashen na shirya lura, da nazarin wasu abubuwa. Bugu da kari, da taimakon kwaikwaiyo iya koya game da duniya, da ya nemi hanyoyin da za a sarrafa su. Dauke da fitar kwamfuta kwaikwaiyo zaci a lokuta inda hali ba ya aiki a halin yanzu. Bayan gina wani ilmin lissafi model na sabon abu a karkashin binciken ta hanyar kwamfuta graphics iya karatu nukiliya fashe, da annoba da sauransu. D.

Masana sun gano matakai uku na ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa, kuma kowane na da halaye:

• Construction na model. Wannan lokaci ya shafi aikin tattalin arziki da shirin, da mamaki na yanayi, zane, samar da tsari. Fili bayyana halin da ake ciki a wannan harka shi ne wuya. Da farko kana bukatar ka gane bayani dalla-dalla na sabon abu, domin sanin irin dangantakar dake tsakanin shi da sauran abubuwa. Sa'an nan dukan ingantaccen halaye an fassara a cikin ilmin lissafi harshe, gina wani ilmin lissafi model. Wannan mataki shi ne mafi wuya a cikin dukan tsari na yin tallan kayan kawa.
• Phase bayani da a ilmin lissafi matsalar da ake dangantawa da ci gaban da lissafi mai tsauri, da hanyoyin magance matsalar a kan fasahar kwamfuta, da katin shaida na ji kurakurai.
• Translation of bayanai samu a cikin shakka daga nazarin a cikin harshen yankin domin wanda da gwaji da aka gudanar.

Wadannan matakai uku na ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa ana complemented tabbaci na adequacy na da sakamakon abin koyi. Cak daidaito tsakanin sakamakon samu a cikin gwajin da msar tambayar ilmi. Idan ya cancanta, a gyara daga cikin halitta model. Wahalad ko rage wuya da shi, dangane da sakamakon.

Musamman tattalin arziki tallan kayan kawa

3 matakai unsa da amfani da ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa na algebraic, bambanci lissafai. Gina hadaddun abubuwa ta amfani da jadawali ka'idar. Ya unshi wani sa na da maki a sarari ko a kan wani jirgin saman kashi alaka hakarkarinsa. Babban matakai na tattalin arziki tallan kayan kawa nufa iri-iri na albarkatun, su rarraba, shan la'akari kai, cibiyar sadarwa shiryawa. Me mataki ne ba da wani mataki a cikin kwaikwaiyo? Yana da wuya a amsa wannan tambaya ainihin, shi duka dogara da takamaiman halin da ake ciki. Babban matakai na yin tallan kayan kawa aiwatar zaci halitta dalilai da bincike batu, selection na asali halaye don cimma manufa, da dangantakar dake tsakanin bayanin irin model, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. Bugu da ari lissafin an yi ta yin amfani da ilmin lissafi dabarbari.

Alal misali, sabis ka'idar ne matsalar da layi. Yana da muhimmanci a samu daidaito tsakanin kudin daga cikin na'urorin da kuma abun ciki zuwa zauna a cikin jerin gwano kudi. Bayan gina wani m bayanin irin model lissafin za'ayi amfani da mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta da kuma hikimar tantance dabaru. Za ka iya samun amsoshin duk tambayoyin a cikin ingantaccen Shirin zanen model. Idan model ne bad, ba shi yiwuwa a gane yadda mataki ne ba da wani mataki a cikin kwaikwaiyo.

Practicality ne ka'ida ta gaskiya ga kimantawa da adequacy na sabon abu ko model. Multicriteria model, ciki har da ingantawa zabin, da nufin manufar halitta. Amma hanyar cimma wannan ne daban-daban. Daga cikin matsalolin da suke yiwu a aiwatar, ya kamata a alama:

• a wani hadadden tsarin dake tsakanin abubuwa, akwai da dama links.
• yana da wuya a yi la'akari da duk da bazuwar abubuwan, nazarin da real tsarin.
• wuya a kwatanta ilmin lissafi na'ura tare da sakamakon cewa kana so don samun

Saboda yawa matsaloli da cewa bayyana a cikin aiwatar da nazari da hadaddiyar tsarin, kwaikwaiyo da aka ɓullo da. Yana nufin wani sa na musamman shirye-shirye ga kwakwalwa, abin da ya bayyana aikin da mutum abubuwa na tsarin da dangantaka tsakanin su. A amfani da bazuwar canji ya shafi maimaitawa na gwaje-gwajen, ilimin kididdiga aiki na da sakamakon. Aiki tare da kwaikwaiyo tsarin ne wani gwaji da cewa yana da za'ayi ta wajen sarrafa kwamfuta. Mene ne abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan tsarin? Hakazalika, za ka iya cimma mafi girma kusanci zuwa ga hakikanin tsarin, ba shi yiwuwa a game da wani ilmin lissafi model. Amfani da block manufa yiwu mu tantance mutum tubalan kafin su kafa a cikin guda tsarin. Irin wannan wani zaɓi da damar yin amfani da hadaddun dependencies cewa ba za a iya bayyana ta al'ada ilmin lissafi dangantaka.

Daga cikin rashin wani kwaikwaiyo tsarin, ware halin kaka a lokaci da kuma albarkatun, kazalika da bukatar yin amfani da zamani kwamfuta fasaha.

Akayi na ci gaba kwaikwaiyo daidai da canje-canje faruwa a cikin al'umma. A kan yin amfani da duk model ne zuwa kashi horarwa, masu horon, ilimi na gani AIDS. Prototypes za a iya rage kofe na ainihi abubuwa (motoci). Kimiyya da kuma fasaha embodiments ne tsaye halitta da bincike lantarki. Kwaikwaiyo model ba kawai daidai da ba gaskiya, sunã zaton gwada a kan awon mice, gwaje-gwajen a cikin tsarin ilimi. Kwaikwayo da ake gani a matsayin hanyar fitina da kuma kuskure.

Akwai wani rabo daga duk model na zabin gabatar. Jiki model an kira gudunmawata. Irin bambance-bambancen karatu suna dauke da geometrical da kuma ta jiki halaye na asali, su za a iya fassara cikin gaskiya. Bayani model ne ba zai yiwu ba a taba. Su fahince jihar da kuma kaddarorin da abu karatu, sabon abu, tsari, da kuma sadarwa da su zuwa na ainihi duniya. Fi'ili zažužžukan sun hada da bayanai model aiwatar a cikin nau'i na magana ko shafi tunanin mutum. Wurin hutawa ra'ayoyi bayyana ta hanyar yin amfani da wasu alamu multifaceted ilmin lissafi harshe.

ƙarshe

Ilmin Lissafi tallan kayan kawa a matsayin hanyar ilimin kimiyya sun bayyana tare da kayan yau da kullum na mafi girma lissafi. An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin irin wannan tsari da aka buga da Isaac Newton, Descartes, Leibniz. Ilmin Lissafi model aka farko gina Fermat, B. Pascal. Ilmin Lissafi tallan kayan kawa a samar, tattalin arzikin biya hankali V. V. Leontev, VV Novozhilov, A. L. tafarkin. Yau, a irin wannan bambance-bambancen da abu na binciken wani sabon abu ne a yi amfani da daban-daban duniyoyin na aiki. Tare da tsara tsarin injiniyoyi binciken irin mamaki da kuma matakai da cewa ba za a iya bincikar a real yanayi.

Binciken da tallan kayan kawa da aka yi amfani da zamanin da, ƙarshe kamawa daban-daban iri ilimin kimiyya: gine-gine, aikin injiniya, sunadarai, yi, kimiyyar lissafi, ilmin halitta, da lafiyar qasa, labarin kasa, da kuma zamantakewa da karatu. A wani tsari tallan kayan kawa amfani uku abubuwa: batu, abu, model. Hakika, da kwaikwaiyo nazarin abu ko sabon abu ne ba a iyakance ba zuwa, akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a samu da zama dole bayani.