"Akwai, daga cikin Pampas ..." Mene ne pampas?

Kamar yadda furuci da marubuci na Hope Taffy, da Pampas sun shahara gandun daji. Kuma zh. Zh. Russo, ya yi kira a cikin shahararrun slogan "Back to Nature", wani lokacin raha paraphrased: "Back a cikin pampas!" Riya m wuri mai faɗi zane-zane Paints da sauran sanannun hali - da wallafe-wallafen da cinematic Ostap Bender. A cikin Pampas, "a guje bauna ..." girma baobabs da kuma tsanani sha'awa tafasa tsakanin ɗan fashin teku da kuma kaboyi Creole. Saboda haka, abin da ake nufi - da pampas? Menene su musamman?

M pampas Southern Hemisphere

A wannan duniya tamu, akwai kawai wuri guda cewa hadawa da lebur ƙasa da subtropical bakin teku sauyin yanayi, yin wannan manyan steppe yankin ya zama m ga mulkin mallaka na Kudancin Amirka. Wannan ake kira pampa, kẽwayesu da tekun Atlantic da Andes, an rufe shi da grassy ciyayi. Map pampas - a real kore tabo a kan ƙasa na zamani jihohin - Argentina, Uruguay da kuma wani karamin sashi na Brazil.

The asalin da ma'anar Pampas

Mene ne kalmar nan na pampas? Kamus ba dama daban-daban fassarori ta etymology. Alal misali, pre-neman sauyi edition na "Dictionary na kasashen waje, Words" A. N. Chudinova kiwata wannan wuri suna a cikin Peru harshe, a cikin abin da ya nufin fili. Modern ayyukan masana ilimin harsuna da lexicographers sunyi baki daya: pampas - wani Spanish kalma, da tsari na jam'i da suna "steppe". A Spain, shi zai yi ya bayyana a matsayin wajen samo daga Quechua harshe. Saboda haka, ma'anar na Pampas da wadannan: shi ne da sunan wani yanayin abu a cikin subtropics Kudancin Amirka, a hade yankunan kan filayen, matakan da gishiri Marshes. A nasu hanya, wadannan bude sarari ne cikakke: mafi yawan shekaru Pampas kama da budurwa gona, an rufe shi da wani lokacin farin ciki da tsayi ciyawa. A fili, don haka matasa irin harshe na dabam reinterpreted a nasa hanya wannan sarari. The magana "don zuwa Pampas" yana da ma'ana guda biyu: "don samun bugu, rasa your kai" da kuma "daga wurin, rasa wasu, to bar kamfanin."

A m Internet hanya "Electronic Pampas" ya ƙunshi kyau ayyukan adabi yara (da dukan zamanai!). Mene ne pampas a cikin wannan hali? Shi ne wata alama ce iyaka sarari ga kerawa, wasanni, kasada da kuma fantasy!

A tarihin na ci na Pampa

Kafin mamayewa na Spanish mulkin mallaka a cikin XVI karni rayuwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo pampas for millennia gudana cikin lumana da kuma matsakaici, cikin jituwa da yanayi. A gida yawan - Quechua Indiyawan - strenuously yi yaƙi da invaders, amma duk da m juriya, Turai dabi'u duk da haka ya sami shukakkun, da kuma gida Aborigines sha wahala wargajewa. Mene ne pampas ga Indiyawan? Sararin expanses na steppe, wani farɗan mai halitta duniya, m ƙasar ... A mythology na 'yan asalin yawan South America Pampas alamar rashin iyaka na rayuwa da kuma ma ta fragility, da insignificance na daya mutum har abada.

A cikin shekaru karni, da ci gaban da na gida Flora pampa zama quite daban-daban, kamar yadda na Turai mulkin mallaka da steppe wakiltar wani tushen daga dũkiya da nan gaba wadata. A Spaniards kawo tare da su ba kawai m ruhu da kuma hadisai na noma, amma kuma dabbõbi , da dawakai, mustangs, wanda a kudancin Amirka bai yi har yanzu. Yanzu sun kuma farin cikin ruhu na pampas: waje kiwo awaki, gefen da Andes, da ciyawa a kan gangara kuma shimfidaɗɗiya. Of lebur ... Kuma wani wuri, wanda aka sani ga shi sawu mahayi galloping Gaucho, zuriyar Spain da kuma Indiyawa. Modern Criollo dawakai - kamar yadda feral zuriyar almara Spanish baguales.

A yanayi da sauyin yanayi na Pampas

Mene ne Pampas, zai fahimci cewa, kamar yadda wani yaro wanda ya yi wasa da kuma boye a cikin tsayi ciyawa. Kawai a nan shi ne da sararin marasa iyaka sararin rufe da hatsi ciyawa (gashin tsuntsu ciyawa, bearded fescue).

A ƙasa na zamani pampas bautarka game da 750,000 murabba'in mita. km, wanda shi ne dan kadan karami fiye da yankin na Turkey. Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa steppe a cikin kwari na La Plata gaba daya overgrown tare da ciyawa. Kusa da Brazil tsaunuka, da sauyin yanayi zama mafi nahiyar, bushe, gauraye da ciyayi ta fara, kama wani steppe tsibirin na Evergreen Bishiyoyi da mutumin da aka yi da gandun daji plantations (Maple, poplar).

zurfin Area

Mene ne pampas da zamani mazaunan nahiyar Amirka? A gagarumin ɓangare na ƙasar sun shagaltar da ƙasar noma da albarkatun gona na hatsi da kuma sauran albarkatu ga makiyaya da gona da dabbobi (musamman a Argentine part). Amma kuma mazauna damu game da jindadin yanayi reserves - saboda mutum aiki bukatar deter, ko ta hanyar mayar da duniya a kusa da shi, ya iya zama a cikin hamada. A m sassa na pampas, da nisa daga hanyoyi, tare kõguna zauna untouched tsibirin na untouched yanayi.

A fauna daga cikin Pampa, da ya ƙunshi na musamman fauna daga wannan duniya tamu - pampas barewa, hakori, nutria kuma bizcacha, pampasskaya cat Patagonian mara, maned kerkẽci, jimina Rhea, armadillo, da mulufi ibises.

Bishiyoyi ba girma a kan pampa, da wuya a cikin kwaruruka na White samu Mezquita (Calden).

Yana zama duniya shahara pampas ciyawa cortaderia. Saboda unpretentiousness da kyau adaptability zuwa canje-canje a cikin yanayi sun zama perennial used matsayin ornamental shuka. Bushes cortaderia isa mita uku high, su ne dogon-rayu - zai iya girma har zuwa shekaru 40 ko ma ya fi tsayi.