Babban cibiyoyin asalin horar da shuke-shuke

Idan ka sa da aiki: "Call cibiyar na asalin", mutane da yawa suka ba da alaka da hybridization ba za su iya jimre da shi. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi Bayani bayanai.

terminology

Cibiyar na asalin - yana da takamaiman yanayin "zafi spots". Su mayar da hankali bambancin kwayoyin noma iri. Cibiyoyin na asalin na horar da shuke-shuke suna da farko - da suka hada da yankunan inda daji da kuma kiwo a gida siffofin girma da farko, da kuma na biyu. A karshe - da cibiyoyin, wanda aka kafa ta m rarraba polukulturnyh, horar da jinsunan shuke-shuke da kara kiwo.

tarihi bayanai

Irin mamaki kamar amfanin gona, da ya haifar da da ewa kafin farko na AD. Da farko, ci gaban da ya faru, ba tare da la'akari da iri da suke kewaye da Flora, biyar geographically ware wurare na duniya. M fure tsarin iri suka yi kokarin domesticate ya endemic a mafi yawan wurare. Wannan tilasta koma ga yin amfani da gida Flora. Wayewar dan adam ya ci gaba da ci gaban ... A lokacin da yawan marine da ƙasar sadarwa tsakanin mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin daban-daban Gwargwadon yankunan. Wadannan matakai na iya hanzarta yaduwar 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba na fama da kiwo a gida shuke-shuke. Domin wannan dalilin yana da wuya a kafa gida na wani al'adu irin. Ci gaba da domestication, wanda ya faru a daban-daban Gwargwadon yanayin wasu yankuna, ya batun da dokokin juyin halitta. Alal misali, tare da shuke-shuke faruwa irin mamaki a matsayin bazuwar ma'abota, Musulunci karuwa a yawan chromosomes a cikin halitta bango hybridization. Akwai sun kasance daban-daban na maye gurbi.

Research ƙarshe

A kan tushen da bude daga Charles Darwin a kan yanayin cibiyoyin asalin jinsuna daban kafa wani shugabanci a cikin binciken na hybridization. A cikin XIX karni A. de Candolle buga da bincike, wanda ya gano cibiyoyin asalin horar da shuke-shuke da yankin su na asali bayyanar. A cikin rubuce-rubucen na wadannan yankunan mallakar sararin nahiyar, kazalika da sauran manyan sikelin-yankunan. Domin kusan shekaru hamsin bayan buga Labor de Candolle ilimi cibiyoyin asalin horar da shuke-shuke kumbura muhimmanci. Sai aka buga a 'yan littattafai, abin da ya rufe m iri daga kasashe daban-daban, kazalika da kayan kan mutum iri. Daga baya wannan tambaya zo Grips tare da NI Vavilov. A kan tushen bayani a kan duniya ta albarkatu na Flora da ya gano a cikin cibiyoyin da asalin na horar da shuke-shuke. A total na bakwai: East Asia, da Rum, Central American, Kudancin Asia, ta Kudu-Western Asian, Habasha da kuma India. A kowane daga cikinsu girma daga wani yawan jimillar jinsunan bambancin da aikin gona da iri.

sabawa

Wasu masu bincike, kamar A. I. Kuptsov da PM Zhukovsky, ci gaba da aikin N. I. Vavilova. Sun yi wasu canje-canje zuwa ta ƙarshe. Saboda haka, ta Kudu-West Asian cibiyar da aka raba Near gabashi da Sredneaziatsy da Indochina da kuma wurare masu zafi India fito fili kamar yadda biyu raba Gwargwadon mayar da hankali. Pool na Yellow River ne dauke da kafuwar gabashin Asiya cibiyar. Farko shi ne Kogin Yangtze, amma wannan yankunan kasar Sin - a matsayin mutane tsunduma a aikin noma - zaunar da yawa daga baya. New Guinea da kuma yammacin Sudan suna kuma gano a matsayin yankunan da aikin noma.

Ka lura cewa 'ya'yan amfanin gona, ciki har da orehoplodnye da Berry da wani m mazauninsu. Suka yada nisa fiye da kan iyakoki na yankuna na asali. Wannan sabon abu ne mafi in tune da koyarwar de Candolle fiye da wasu. A dalilin ne kubutar da yafi gandun daji asalin kuma ba Piedmont, wanda yayi dace da filin da kuma kayan lambu iri. Har ila yau key ne selection. Cibiyar na asalin yanzu mafi fayyace haka. Daga cikin su akwai Turai-Siberian da Australian Aljihuna. Kafa da kuma North American Center.

Overview

A baya, da mutum jinsunan da aka gabatar a cikin al'adun waje da babban foci. Duk da haka, adadin su ne gwada da kananan. A baya can, cikin cibiyoyin na zamanin d noma amfanin gona da aka dauke su Nile Valley, wato Kogin Yufiretis, da na Taigiris, da ganges da sauran manyan koguna. Kamar yadda bincike da Vavilov, da yawa m iri bayyana a cikin duwatsu yankunan da temperate zone, da yammacin sahara da subtropics. A farko cibiyar na asalin suna a hankali alaka floristic bambancin da tsoho wayewar.

Sin site

Wannan yanki ya hada da duwatsu yankunan yammacin kuma tsakiyar sassa na kasar, tare da kewaye low-kwance yankunan. Dalili na wannan cibiyar ne latitud temperate zone, located a kan Yellow River. Gida yanayi ne muhimmi halaye kamar temperate girma lokaci, da manya-manyan digiri na hydration da high zafin jiki yanayin. A hearth ne na halitta mazauninsu ga waken soya, mai kusurwa, wake, dawa, gero, shinkafa, hatsi, payzy, da gero, da sha'ir, da Tibet, da yawa wasu shuke-shuke.

Ta Kudu-gabashin Asiya sashe

Indo-Malaysia asalin agricultures cibiyar complements India yankin. Yana hada yankunan kamar Indo-China, duk Malay tarin tsiburai, da kuma Philippines. Hindustan da Sin cibiyoyin asalin horar da shuke-shuke yana da wasu tasiri a kan wannan yanki. Gida yanayi ne halin da vegetative-zagaye, musamman high zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki. Yankin ne da wata halitta mazauninsu ga nutmeg, allspice, cardamom, Orange, bergamot, black barkono, mangosteen, betel goro, lemun tsami da kuma wasu nau'in.

indian ƙasar

Haka kuma an kira da Hindustan hearth da ya hada da India jihar Assam, Burma, kuma dukan India, tare da togiya na arewa maso yammacin jihohin India. A sauyin yanayi na inganta dogon girma kakar, wani babban matakin da yawan zafin jiki da kuma zafi. Field sakamako gogaggen Indo-Malayan cibiyar. A cikin ƙasa girma Citrus, rake, shinkafa, da kuma wasu jinsunan Flora.

Central Asia sashe

A wannan cibiyar hada da ƙasar Yammacin Tien Shan, Tajikistan, arewacin Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan da kuma arewa-yammacin India. Gida yanayi ne halin da matsakaici tsawon ciyayi, high yanayin zafi da karfi yanayi da kuma kullum hawa da sauka da sosai low danshi matakin. Wannan yanki ya samu wani karfi tasiri Peredneaziatski da Sin cibiyoyin. Domin wannan dalili, shi ne wata na biyu cibiyar ga masu rinjaye na gida 'ya'yan iri.

Kusa Eastern sashe

A hearth aka located in kudu maso yammacin Asiya. Its yankin hada da duwatsu yanki na Turkmenistan, duk Transcaucasia, da m Crescent, Iran da kuma ciki na Asiya Ƙananan. A sauyin yanayi da halin dogon fari lokaci, high yanayin zafi da kuma sosai low zafi. Wannan yanki ya samu tasiri na Central Asia da kuma Rum cibiyoyin. Iyakokin wadannan uku foci suna a hankali lauye, don haka shi ne kusan yiwuwa a kafa.

South American cibiyar na asalin

Wadannan wurare sun hada da dutsen yankunan da tsaunuka na Bolivia, Ekwado, Colombia da kuma Peru. Gida yanayi ne halin da kasa wetting da sosai high zazzabi. Tsakiyar Amirka Cibiyar da a wannan yanki da wasu tasiri.