Volcanoes: volcanoes tsarin, iri da kuma mita na shigowa

Yau za mu dubi wannan ban sha'awa batun, kamar yadda volcanoes. A tsarin da volcanoes da su rarrabuwa da aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

Volcanoes samu da sunan da sunan Vulcan, gunkin wuta. Su wakiltar yanki tsarin cewa faruwa a kan tashoshi da kuma fasa a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. Manyan volcanoes cewa shiga gaban ku, ba tare da kwantantuwa spectacle. A duniya ta surface ta hanyar fasa da kuma tashoshi fitad da lawa dutse, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa da zafi gas daga magmatic Madogararsa. Volcanoes suna yawanci folded kayayyakin eruptions mutum duwãtsu. Suna iya isa wani tsawo na ya fi girma masu girma dabam. Alal misali, da most volcanoes na Afirka - shi ne Kilimanjaro (5895 mita), Cameroon (4100 mita), da na Dutsen Teide (3,718 mita).

Dadaddun, dormant da kuma aiki volcanoes

Ga halin yanzu, sũ ne waɗanda wanda a halin yanzu erupting yayyanke ko ci gaba. Alal misali, yanzu Afirka volcanoes - shi ne Nyiragongo, Meru, Karisimbi, Phaco, Teide. Barci - wadannan volcanoes, wanda babu wani bayani eruptions, amma sun kuma kiyaye su siffar da gida da raurawar asa faruwa ƙarƙashin su. Dadaddun ake magana blurry da kuma mugun lalace, ba aiki volcanoes. Hotuna da aiki aman wuta Arenal, located in Costa Rica, da aka gabatar a kasa.

Division fissure volcanoes da kuma tsakiyar

Volcanoes an rarraba su zuwa tsakiyar fissure da siffar ciyar tashoshi. Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da aman wuta (makirci nuna a kasa), ya kamata a lura da cewa babba alkyabba magma bẽnãye iya zama a zurfin game 50-70 kilomita (msl, aman wuta Kamchatka Kluchevskaya Knoll). Suna iya zama a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi a zurfin 5-6 mita (Italian aman wuta Vesuvius) ko zurfi.

Dogon lokacin da kuma gajere shigowa

Volcanic eruptions iya zama dogon (daga shekaru da dama to dama shekara ɗari) da kuma gajere, wanda ake auna ta da kowane lokaci. Yana za a iya dangana ga precursors Ft Irfan mamaki, volcanic girgizar asa, canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma Magnetic Properties fumarole gas kazalika da sauran mamaki, alamomi da volcanoes shiga. Photo na wani erupting aman wuta da aka gabatar a kasa.

Yadda za a fara wani shigowa?

Yawanci, shi zai fara a cewa karawa auku gas. An jẽfa su fita a farko da sanyi, duhu lawa kufai a karkara, sa'an nan tare da ja-zafi. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan watsi suna tare da wani outpouring na lawa. Daga 1 zuwa 5 kilomita, dangane da ƙarfin fashewar dabam da daga adadin lawa, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na cikakken ruwa tururi da kuma zafi, gas. Kuma babbar aman wuta shigowa iya saki kayayyakin da ya ma fi girma Heights. Alal misali, a shekara ta 1956 shekara Kamchatka a lokacin da shigowa na da aman wuta Nameless shi ya 45 kilomita. A nisa na 'yan dubbai to dubban kilomita canjawa wuri fitad da kaya. Its girma wani lokacin ya kai wani kankanin kilomita. A yanayi taro na volcanic ash a wasu eruptions iya zama haka mai girma cewa akwai duhu, m ga duhu a ɗaka. An lura, musamman, kauyen Kunamu, located 40 km daga aman wuta Nameless, a 1956.

Layout na aman wuta, da aka nuna a kasa, zai taimake ku fahimta da tsarin.

Abin da aka erupting?

Shigowa - wannan canzawar karfi da kuma rauni fashe da lawa gudana. Matsakaicin ikon fashewar kira koli paroksizom. Rage karfi na fashewar sa'an nan a hankali a hankali lõkacin fatara daga eruptions lura bayan su. Jama'a da dama na cubic kilomita na lawa streamed jefa babbar volcanoes. A hoto a kasa ya nuna tsarin da aman wuta. Wannan makirci bada bayyananne hoto na yadda da shi ta barke.

iri eruptions

Ba ko da yaushe guda shigowa. Su 4 iri dangane da danko lawa, kuma yawan kayayyakin da (m, gaseous da ruwa): da m (Vulcan), extrusion (Dome), gauraye (Strombolian) da kuma effusive (Hawaiian).

Hawaiian type, sau da yawa samar da wani garkuwa aman wuta, shi ne halin gwada da a kwantar da hankula da outpouring basalt (ruwa) lawa cewa Forms a craters da kuma lawa gudana harshen ruwa lake. Na dauke da kananan adadin gas marẽmari tsari wanda emit saukad da lumps na zubi lawa ne ja a cikin bakin ciki strands na gilashi a lokacin jirgin.

A strombolian type, wanda yawanci haifar strato-volcanoes, tare da wani fairly m da kuma andesitic lawa gudana daga basaltic abun da ke ciki aka mamaye kananan fashe, a lokacin da emit guda na slag, kazalika da daban-daban spindly da Twisted bam.

The Dome irin ne gaseous abubuwa taka muhimmiyar rawa. Sun nuna fashewar da kuma watsi da manyan baki girgije cunkus taron da wani ɓaɓɓake daga lawa. Kananan lawa gudana samar da danko sosai andesite.

eruptions kayayyakin

M, gas da kuma ruwa ne daban-daban volcanic shigowa kayayyakin. Volcanic gas da cewa an saki biyu a lokacin da shigowa (kira eruptive), da kuma a lokacin shiru aiki aman wuta (furamolnye) daga fasa abin da suke a kan aman wuta, da kuma daga ta bakin dutse pyroclastic kankara da kuma lawa gudana samar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi, wucewa ta cikin ruwan karkashin kasa.

Lawa - Lagwani ko sosai da danko sosai ruwa, yafi silicate taro wanda aka zuba da volcanic eruptions a Duniya ta surface (ga hoton da ke ƙasa aman wuta a giciye sashe.). volcanic dutse kafa a lokacin da shi solidifies.

Volcanics (volcanic rock) - duwatsu wanda ake kafa a sakamakon volcanic eruptions. Suke da daraja, dangane da ko da harafin yana shigowa effusive ko effusive (diabase, liparites, trachyte, andesite, basalt, da sauransu.) Pyroclastic ko volcanic-clastic (volcanic breccia tuffs) volcanic kankara.

volcanic raka'a

Tectonic Laifi (tectonic hutu) - wannan ke faruwa, saboda ɓawon burodi ƙungiyoyi dutse mutunci take hakkin (thrusts, baya laifinsu, canje-canje, jini, da dai sauransu).

A hoto a kasa ya nuna da layout na aman wuta.

Dangane da abun da ke ciki da kuma yanayi na volcanic magma surface Tsarin da ciwon daban-daban Heights da siffofi. Kowane lokaci ne na musamman tsarin da aman wuta. Hoton sama - wannan ne kawai misali. Volcanic na'urorin kunshi wani crack, ko kuma a tubular tashar, da nuna (wani sama na tashar), vulkanooblomochnyh kayayyakin da lawa suka taru kewaye daga kõwane mai tashar, kuma a bakin dutse (mazurari-dimbin yawa ko kofin-dimbin yawa sako a gefe ko saman aman wuta, da diamita daga wanda jeri daga 'yan mita zuwa dama kilomita ). A mafi kowa siffofin suna Tapered, da predominance na watsi da daban-daban detritus, kuma domed (a lokacin da ya matse danko sosai lawa).

Ba kawai ta hanyar da vertices daga cikin manyan bakin dutse faruwa shigowa, amma kuma ta hanyar gefen (in ba haka ba ya kira parasitic) craters wanda da volcanoes. Structure eruptions halin a cewa craters ne a kan gefen gangara, kazalika a wasu nisa daga primary vertices. Sau da yawa, da guda eruptions gas cewa, shiga cikin ƙasa ta surface tashar kafa mazurari-dimbin yawa depressions. Suna kẽwayesu da annular shaft, kunsha na tubalan daban-daban breeds. Sau da yawa wadannan craters suna cike da ruwa. Suna da ake kira Kar. Wani lokaci m shigowa tare da cewa ɓangare na volcanic Tsarin marmashe. Sau da yawa, wannan kuma ya shafi yankunan da suke kusa da volcanoes. A tsarin da volcanoes da kuma wani lokacin take kaiwa zuwa ta auka. Depressions, wanda aka kafa a lokacin wannan diamita aka samu da dama zuwa dama dubun kilomita. Su kira calderas.

karkashin ruwa volcanoes

A tsarin da volcanoes mu tattauna. Ya kamata a lura da cewa daya daga cikin su jinsunan ne karkashin ruwa, located a kan kasa na kandami. Yau Gwargwadon tsarawa eruptions na irin wannan sun mayar da hankali, yafi a cikin uku volcanic zones: Atlantic, Rum-Indonesian da kuma Pacific. A cewar wani binciken da suka gabata na wannan duniya tamu daga ra'ayi a fannin binciken kasa, a da ikon yinsa da kuma cikin sharuddan watsi kayayyakin zuwa daga Duniya, su ne muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da a kan ƙasar. Idan shekara-shekara ƙasar daga 20-30 eruptions a kan talakawan zo zuwa 1.5 cubic kilomita na zubi magma a cikin shekara, daga undersea volcanoes a daidai wannan lokacin shi ya barke 12-15 sau fiye da kayan. Active submarine volcanoes tallafawa rayuwar a cikin ruwan teku kusa da surface. Kuma daga shi bi da bi ya dogara da adadin greenhouse gas tunawa teku.

A shigowa na karkashin ruwa volcanoes

Idan tafki ne located sama da volcanic hearth pyroclastic abu a lokacin da shigowa da cikakken ruwa, sa'an nan shimfidawa a kusa da hearth. A karo na farko da irin wannan adibas aka bayyana a cikin Philippines. Suka kafa a lokacin da ya faru a shekarar 1968, da bullowan Taal aman wuta, wanda shi ne a kan kasa na lake. A adibas na irin wannan ne sau da yawa da dabara wavy yadudduka na pumice. Islands za a iya kafa da shigowa da volcanoes. Wannan, misali, located a tekun Indiya, da volcanic tsibirin zumunci.

Sanadin volcanic aiki

A kusa da dangantaka tsakanin motsi sassa na Duniya ta ɓawon burodi da kuma volcanic aiki zones nuna Gwargwadon wuri na volcanoes. Kafa a wannan zones da gãfartawa su ne tashoshi ta hanyar abin da magma motsa zuwa ga surface. Wannan na faruwa, a fili a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban tectonic tafiyar matakai. Lokacin da matsa lamba na gas narkar da a magma zama mafi girma daga matsa lamba a cikin zurfin na overlying, suka fara motsawa zuwa ga surface, ɗauke da magma. Zai yiwu, a lokacin crystallization na magma generated gas matsa lamba a lokacin da tururi da kuma saura gas wadãtar da ruwa kashi. Magma kamar tafasa. A hearth babban matsin da aka halitta da allocating babban adadin gaseous abubuwa. Yana kuma iya zama daya daga cikin Sanadin da shigowa.

Samuwar kuma tsarin da aman wuta - da theme ne quite ban sha'awa. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu kawai a takaicce dube su. A ciki tsarin da aman wuta shi ne har yanzu sha'awar da yawan masu bincike. Har yanzu suna tsunduma a cikin binciken.

A karo na farko a lokacin da yake makaranta shekaru, mu kasance saba da abin da wani mai aman wuta. Labarin kasa yana ba mu zarafin mu samu kusa da fahimtar yadda duniyar ta mu yana shirya. A duniya ne fraught da yawa wasanin gwada ilimi don warware zama na gaba tsara. Hakika, a makaranta, mun yi magana ne kawai da karin bayanai a lokacin da muke nazarin tsarin da aman wuta. Class 5 - ba cewa shekaru a lokacin da ya kamata ka je zuwa cikin wannan topic. Duk da haka, wani lokacin za a iya yi, kuma ya kamata. Muna fatan kun koyi wani abu sabon daga wannan labarin.