Analyzer dandano: sifa da aiki

The bayanai zuwa daga waje duniya da aka sani da mu hankula. Saboda su zabe aiki na jikin mutum ne iya mayalwaci amsa ga duk canje-canje a cikin yanayi. A karshen sakamakon aiki na da hankula, wato ji da gannai, wari, dandano, tactile abin mamaki da kuma vestibular majiyai ne fitowan da kuma amincewa da samuwar kasashe.

Babban Rasha physiologist I. P. Pavlov gano cewa samuwar majiyai dauki bangare na kwakwalwa cortical cibiyar ga abin da centripetal jijiyoyi da tashin hankali zo daga jijiya rabe. Systems kunsha sassa na cerebral bawo da kuma tafarkin da - jijiyoyi da rabe, da ya kira analyzer ko haska tsarin. Gustatory analyzer, tsarin da ayyuka na wanda aka tsare a cikin ta daga ilimin Halittar Jiki da morphological fasali, za a yi nazari a cikin wannan labarin.

Ginshikai na abin da ya faru na iyawa

Kusan duk abubuwa da muka yi amfani da matsayin abinci, dandano. A Physiology ne 4 asali dandano: zaki, daci, da tsami da kuma m ji da bambantawa analyzer wanda ya yi aikin daɗin ci. Ku ɗanɗani za a iya bayyana a matsayin hasashe kwayoyin sunadarai abubuwa kunshe a cikin abinci rabe dake a cikin bakin da a kan harshen. Don gane abin da yake cikin aiki na da dandano analyzer, za mu juya ga nazarin da tsarin. Saboda haka, ka yi la'akari kama da wannan yanki na jikin mu.

Sashen ku ɗanɗana analyzer

A jikin mu, akwai wani musamman tsarin, wanda ke da alhakin ji da gani, wari, da kuma tactile hankula. Gustatory analyzer, tsarin da ayyuka na wanda muka yi nazarin kunshi sassa uku. A farko da aka kira na gefe, ko tsoka mai amsa sigina. Ta nan da nan tsinkayen samuwar kasashe da yanayi da zai haddasa jijiya endings a cikin rauni igiyoyin, ta hanyar mayar cikin bioelectric hasken dake fitowa.

Suna daukar kwayar cutar a cikin na biyu rabo daga cikin analyzer dandano - shugaba. Ya aka wakilta afferent jijiya. By agitation shi shiga cikin cortical rabo daɗin ci analyzer, wanda shi ne na musamman kwakwalwa yankuna, kuma a cikinta akwai wata samuwar na iyawa.

Features na gefe

Daɗin ci analyzer, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, shi kunshi sassa uku. La'akari da ƙarin bayani a cikin tsoka mai amsa sigina ko na gefe rabu. An ƙaddamar chemoreceptors gabansa samuwar kasashe a cikin irin daban-daban sinadaran mahadi, kuma yana sanin su a kan ƙarfi, ingancin (modality) da kuma tsanani. Chemoreceptors wani bangare ne na dandano buds, kwararan fitila ko cewa dot baki da kuma harshe. A jijiya endings cewa masu kula m dandano, located a kan tip na harshe da kuma a kan gefuna, da m - a tushen harshe, da zaki - a tip, to m - a gefuna.

The sosai dandano toho ba ya je kai tsaye ga surface na mucous membrane na harshe, da kuma yake da alaka da shi ta hanyar dandano rami. Kowane chemoreceptor qunshi daga 40 zuwa 50 villi. The abubuwa kunshe a cikin abinci lamba kuma hangula su, inda a cikin wani gefe rabo daga gustatory tsarin ruri tsari ya auku, mirgina a arousal. Tare da shekaru, mutane na iyawa ji na ƙwarai dokin da aka kara, watau ikon gane bambancin dadin dandano Fade.

A dabbobi, ji na ƙwarai da dandano analyzer da shekaru wuya ya canjãwa, da haka ma, da dangantaka tsakanin iyawa da kuma olfactory tsarin sun bayyana yafi. Alal misali, a Cats dandana buds (Jacobson shambura) ne a lokaci guda kuma da olfactory jijiya endings, wanda na taimaka wa finer nuna bambanci ingancin abinci.

Yadda cikin wayoyi rabo

Ci gaba don gano wuraren da na iyawa analyzer, la'akari da yadda jijiyar daga chemoreceptors iya isa kwakwalwa kai tsaye. Don yin wannan, akwai wani ɓangare na wayoyi. An wakilta guda fiber hanya. Yana hada 'yan jijiyoyi: fuska, glossopharyngeal, vagus, kuma lingual. Yana da ga shi da jijiyar zo a cikin kwakwalwa kara - a cikin medulla oblongata da gada, kuma daga gare su - da na gani thalamus (thalamus) da kuma, a karshe, a cikin boko lobe na cerebral bawo.

Lalacewar da shugaba rabo daɗin ci analyzer, msl, a sakamakon fuska jijiya paresis sakamakon shi a m asarar dandano ji na ƙwarai. A m shisshigi, msl, a yadda ake gudanar a kan fuska kwanyar sashe rage-rage na madugu na jijiyar tare jijiyoyi Kadaitaccen fili, musamman da fuska da vagus, wanda kuma take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a dandano ji na ƙwarai.

Cortical sashen gustatory tsarin

Cortical wani ɓangare na wani data kasance analyzers dole wakilta daidai rabo daga tsakiya m tsarin, located in cerebral bawo. Yana za'ayi babban ayyuka na iyawa analyzer - fahimta da bambanci a iyawa. Ruri daga jijiyoyi centripetal gudana a cikin boko lobe na cerebral bawo, inda karshe bambantawa faruwa m, m, mai dadi, kuma m iyawa abinci.

Da dangantakar da sifa da aiki na da dandano analyzer

All uku ƙungiyoyin gustatory tsarin ake inextricably nasaba. Lalacewar da wani daga cikin wadannan sassa (tsoka mai amsa sigina, wayoyi, ko kuma toshe kwalaba) ko su haši zuwa juna take kaiwa zuwa ga asarar ikon gane da dandano da nuna bambanci ba. Ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin daɗin ci analyzer kayyade bayani dalla-dalla na da dandano majiyai cewa faruwa saboda ruri na chemoreceptors na iyawa buds.

Ci. Ta yaya ya zo daga?

Wani tunanin da kuma physiological bukatun abinci ci da kyau ji cewa tashi kafin ta amfani a cikin shakka daga wani abinci, ya kira ci. A da samuwar ban da na gani sashin jiki da hannu da kuma iyawa olfactory tsarin.

A wari irin abinci da, ba shakka, ta dandano suna sharadi samuwar kasashe, haifar da jijiya endings a cikin dandano buds zumudi tsari. Ya shiga cikin narkewa kamar cibiyar dake a cikin medulla oblongata, da kuma a cikin tsarin da limbic tsarin da thalamus.

mouthfeel fitarwa engine

Kamar yadda ya bayyana masana kimiyya physiologists zumudi taso ne daga abinci, olfactory da na gani samuwar kasashe (dandano, bayyanar da wari daga cikin abinci) a cikin harshen da chemoreceptors. Yarda da daban-daban na iyawa (m, mai dadi, m, m) da kuma tabarau sanya ta hanyar hikimar tantance da kuma roba aiki na kwakwalwa na sama sassa - da cerebral bawo. Ta boko lobe kuma shi ne cibiyar na iyawa.

Daban-daban pathologies da kuma raunin da ya faru, wanda shigarsu analyzer daɗin ci gubar zuwa ageusia - m ko cikakken asarar dandano majiyai. Yana kuma iya faruwa a wani lafiya mutumin a sakamakon kwayar numfashi cututtuka (rhinitis, sinusitis) a wanda kumburi an kiyaye nasopharyngeal mucosa. Hyperthermia (zafi a kumburi tafiyar matakai a cikin jiki) kuma rage ji na ƙwarai chemoreceptors.

Touch abinci analysis

Ko da yake tsarin da dandano analyzer dukkan mutane daidai, wasu daga cikin mu, saboda, da farko dai, kwayoyin fasali, shi yana da low bakin kofa. A sakamakon haka, akwai karin ikon nuna bambanci more abinci launuka da dadin dandano. A analyzer na iyawa da kuma olfactory irin mutanen da ake kira tasters iya bambance a dandano da kanshi, misali, daga 200 zuwa 450 iri shayi. Yawancin mu yi amfani da dandano azanci shine tsarin da farko don bincike na da palatability da abinci, sa'an nan gamsarwa da bukatar sabo ne da kuma ingancin abinci wajibi ne ga al'ada aiki na gastrointestinal fili.

Chemoreceptors dandana ƙwarai iya bambanta. Saboda haka, ta ƙãra a lokacin daukar ciki (toxicosis cututtuka), a lokacin lactation, danniya. Karkashin talakawa yanayi na iyawa za a iya ƙarfafa, misali, abinci Warming a 30-40 ° C. Wannan dabara da ake amfani a aiwatar da kimantawa da dandano na abinci da abubuwan sha. Alal misali, ruwan inabi kuma giya kafin dandanawa dole mai tsanani.

Wannan labarin sake nazari tsarin da kuma aiki na da dandano analyzer. An kuma diddigin da rawar a ji da kuma bambance na samuwar kasashe da muhalli.