Ancient Rasha: babban birnin kasar. Wane birni ne babban birnin kasar na zamanin d Rasha?

Ancient Rasha, wanda shi ne babban birnin kasar na da kyau sosai gari, yana da wani babban girma a duniya. A farkon farko Jihar Eastern Slavs zaci da Kievan Rus, sabili da haka ake magana a kai a matsayin na farko babban birnin kasar ɗaukaka da birnin Kiev. Duk da haka, babban birnin Prince Kyi ya ba kawai wanda ya sa take. Akwai nisa mafi daga gare su, kuma dalilan su zama da za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

A bit game da jihar

Kafin magana game da manya na Slavic na da jihar, ba shi da wani lokaci kadan kuma sarari a kan page. Ancient Rasha - wata jama'a ilimi gabashin kabilu tare da Karkasa ya'yan sarakuna ikon cewa wanzu daga 862 zuwa 1240 (Mongol mamayewa). An halin high ci gaban al'adu, sun fi mayar da aro daga Rum. Gine-ginen, knigopistsy, fassara, malamai, steklovary zo daga Konstantinoful da ƙasa na zuwa gare shi. Amma da yawa crafts sun kuma saba da Slavs (kayan ado shawara, bisa ƙirƙira, kumar kasko, art hul, itace, da dai sauransu), sun kyautata dabarun koyo daga gwaninta na duniya, amma kiyaye su ainihi. A Rasha rubuce, aza gidajen lama, wanda ya zama m cibiyar da ke jihar, minted tsabar kudi, ya ta da kansa ya kafa dokoki. Har ila yau, babban sarakuna aikata dynastic aure, taimaka wajen karfafa suna da Rasha, da kuma m waje dangantakar da sauran sosai raya ƙasashe.

Me wasu manya?

Idan ka bi hukuma version na tarihi, da farko babban birnin kasar na zamanin d Rasha - shi ne, ba shakka, Kiev. Uwar Rasha birane da ya zama wata babbar a cikin shekara 882, a lokacin da a kan Dnieper tudu, komai a fili Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Oleg da Igor da kuma kashe Askold da Dir, kwace mulki. Shi ya, bisa ga Chronicle, birnin annabta a girma a nan gaba. Me yasa da iko jihar da aka bukata wani babban birnin kasar? Ancient Rasha, kamar yadda muka sani, tun samu yawan karkashin Vladimir da Baptist da kuma Yaroslav Mai hikima, ya shiga ƙi. Da farko saboda infighting da jayayya. Mutane da yawa ɗiyã da jĩkõki, da 'yan'uwansa, da mahaifi mai girma hakimai karɓi nasu gādo - birnin da makwabta kauyuka, a cikin abin da dokoki na kowane daga cikinsu. Ba da da ewa akwai karin shugabanni fiye da ƙasar, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu suka m da abin da ya aka bai gādo. Wannan tsakanin su, kuma za a fara don yin yaki domin wuri mafi kyau a cikin rana, domin kursiyin Kiev, wanda ya ba da karin kudi da kuma tasiri. Amma wasu sarauta (gado) kasance mafiya ƙarfi daga cikin wasu ne weaker, sarakuna kammala tsakanin wani fatauci, kuma sau da yawa tafi su yi yaƙi da juna.

A mashigar ruwa tsakanin mulkoki girma Kiev hankali rasa da darajar babban birnin kasar. Amma fagen fama ya fita waje, da kuma sauran ƙauyuka, da suke da babban birni mai girma tsoho mulkoki. Wannan Veliky Novgorod, da kuma Chernigov, kuma Vladimir kuma Suzdal, kuma Galich, kuma daga baya Moscow. Saboda haka, a cikin jihar daga cikin Eastern Slavs ya ba daya babban birnin kasar na Ancient Rus ya mai yawa daga gare su, ba don kome ba da ake kira "Gardarika", watau birane.

A farko babban birnin kasar

Saboda haka abin da aka dauke da babban birnin Ancient Rus? Babban birnin kasar a lamba daya - wannan ne Kiev, majestic birni a kan Dnieper River, Metropolitan zama daga karni na goma. Kafa ta almara Prince Kiem (ko kawai inganta su), ya zama babban birni na Veschego Olega, wanda zai gaje shi, Igor da zuriyarsa zuwa Vladimir Monomakh. Bayan haka, ya aka dauke da babban da kawai ƙa'ida daukar kwayar cutar da Grand Duke kawai qananan dangi. Amma bayan da mamayewa na Tatars zama wani lardin, wanda sa'an nan ya kama da farko Grand Duchy na Lithuania, bi da Rzeczpospolita, Muscovy.

Ancient Rus, babban birnin kasar wanda aka sani ga Kiev, ya kula da ci gaban birane. A cikin babban birni na dutse majami'u da aka gina (bayan tallafi na Kristanci), masu garu garu, da gina wani sabon ƙõfar, mukaddashin makarantu da stacks. Mutane da yawa jan hankali na zinariya shekaru na jihar da kuma za a iya gani a yau a babban birnin kasar Ukraine. Wannan shi ne da farko Golden Gate, St. Sophia Cathedral, zato da St Michael da ke Golden-Domed Cathedral, Triniti Church, Vydubychi sufi.

Staraya Ladoga

Akwai wani gari da cewa ya cancanci hankalin masana tarihi - Staraya Ladoga. A zamanin d babban birnin na Rasha lamba biyu ya bayyana a tsakiyar ƙarni na takwas, da kuma a 862 - 864 shekaru mazaunin Rurik. Bisa ga tarihi, bayan da almara sarkin aiki a Novgorod, wani birnin da a nan gaba ba da suna "Babba". Yau za ka iya ganin Cathedral na ɗauka da kuma St. George Church, gina a cikin rabi na biyu na goma sha biyu karni.

Staraya Ladoga yau - shi ne wani karamin kauye, wanda shi ne game da shekaru goma sha biyu ƙarni. Recent archaeological nazarin sa shi yiwuwa a ɗauka cewa wani shiri kafa ta baƙi daga Nordic kasashe. Yana da aka ajiye motoci, inda gyara tasoshin da kuma gina sabon jiragen ruwa,

Rurik shiri a cikin Novgorod

A babban birnin kasar na zamanin d Rasha Ladoga rasa da muƙamin da Rurik bar for New Castle, located game da biyu kilomita daga cibiyar na zamani birnin. Yanzu ya fa, tã da musamman gine-gine da Monuments na 'ya'yan sarakuna ba sau, saboda ba a shãfe ta da Mongol hordes, kuma, saboda haka, aka ba shi ganima da kuma hallaka. Yana Nicholas Dvorischenskogo, Sofia, St. George ta Cathedral, St. Anthony sufi, Mai Cetonmu coci, Nativity na Virgin, da Gaske Shelar, Bitrus da Bulus, St. Paraskeva-Jumma'a.

A heyday na castle ya faru a lokacin da Novgorod jumhuriya, inda dukkan muhimmanci yanke shawara game da rayuwa na jihar, shi ne ba da bẽne, karɓa. Akwai 1136 da 1478, kuma da karkararta prostilalas daruruwan kilomita - daga Urals ga Baltic (ko Viking) teku. Yana ci gaba crafts, gudanar da wani brisk kasuwanci, gina da dutse gine-gine, rubuta littattafai da kuma tarihin.

Yau, Novgorod (babban birnin na Ancient Rus da Novgorod Jamhuriyar) za a iya kira Makka domin yawon bude ido Rasha, kamar yadda ya cece fuska ta hanyar Millennium.

Vladimir-on-Klyazma

Wani babban birnin kasar na zamanin d Rasha jihar yana dauke Vladimir, wanda ya yafi a cikin lokaci 1243 - 1389 shekaru. Grad Vladimir Monomakh kafa a 1108, da kuma rabin karni daga baya shi canjawa wuri gidansa Andrew Bogolyubskii. A heyday na shiri ya faru a zamanin mulkin Vsevolod Big gurbi, wanda ya yi biyayya da dukan ƙasa fãce Polotsk da Chernigov. A wannan daraja zamanin a cikin Vladimir kama Golden Gate, Uspensky da Dmitrievsky Cathedrals.

ƙarshe

A karkashin naushe nokors Batu Khan, da rashin alheri, na daina wanzuwa Ancient Rus. A babban birnin kasar ta rasa tasirin da take da kuma shekaru da yawa ya zama kango, manta crafts cewa an unclaimed a cikin Golden taro. Amma kasar ne sannu a hankali murmurewa daga nauyi duka, wani sabon ƙarni na mutane girma wanda farko sallama zuwa ga Mongol karkiya, sa'an nan kika aika da shi. Saboda haka, Rasha ta farfado da sake shigar da sabon zamanin da wani sabon fuska.