Antimicrobial kwayoyi: wani bayyani, aikace-aikace da kuma feedback. A mafi inganci antimicrobial wakili

Magunguna amfani da su bi cututtuka daban-daban. Kuma ma su hana su. Magunguna shirya daga kayan lambu raw kayan, ma'adanai, sunadarai, da sauransu. D. Mixtura, powders, Allunan, capsules sanya a tsananin ayyana kashi. A wannan labarin, za mu mayar da hankali a kan antimicrobial kwayoyi.

Menene antimicrobials?

A tarihin antimicrobials fara da gano penicillin. Ya samu nasarar yãki kwayoyin. A wannan hasashe, masana kimiyya ya fara nuna antimicrobials daga halitta ko roba mahadi. Irin wannan kwayoyi hada a "maganin rigakafi" kungiyar. A antimicrobial wakili, sabanin wasu, ya kashe kwayoyin mafi sauri da kuma nagarta sosai. Su yi amfani da da daban-daban fungi, staphylococci da t. D.

Antimicrobials - mafi girma a kungiyar na kwayoyi. Duk da daban-daban sinadaran tsarin da kuma tsarin ba da aikin, da suka raba da dama musamman Properties. Kashe "kwari" a cikin Kwayoyin, ba kyallen takarda. Aiki na maganin rigakafi da rage-rage tare da lokaci, domin kamar kwayoyin fara da nunawa jaraba.

Iri antimicrobial jamiái

Antimicrobial kwayoyi ya kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin. Farko - wannan shi ne halitta (d ganye, zuma, da dai sauransu ...).

Na biyu - semisynthetic. Sun kasu kashi uku iri:

• Antistaphylococcal penicillins (oxacillin). Suna da wannan antibacterial bakan kamar penicillin, amma tare da karami aiki. Aiwatar da na manya da yara.
• Broad-bakan kwayoyi. Wadannan sun hada da "Ampicillin" mukaddashin a gram-korau kwayoyin (Salmonella, da dai sauransu D.). Domin streptococcal ya ke kasa aiki. Babu shakka wani sakamako a kan wasu kwayoyin cuta (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , da sauransu. D.). "Amoxicillin" kuma ya shafi na biyu da irin. Yana ne manyan baka kwayoyin a duniya. Dukansu na [miyagun ƙwayoyi za a iya gudanar da su manya da yara.
• Pseudomonas penicillins. Akwai biyu subspecies - carboxy da ureidopenitsilliny.

Na uku - roba antimicrobials. Wannan shi ne wani babban rukuni na kwayoyi.

Sulfonamides. Magunguna da wannan kungiya suna nada, idan akwai rashin ha} uri ga maganin rigakafi ko microflora to su ba da amsa. A mataki su ne mafi aiki fiye da sulfonamides kwayoyi. Wadannan sun hada da:

• "Streptocide".
• "Norsulfazol".
• "Sulfadimezin".
• "Urosulfan".
• "Ftalazol".
• "Sulfadimetoksin".
• "Bactrim".

Quinolone Kalam. Amma, wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi amfani ga cututtuka na genitourinary tsarin, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, da dai sauransu, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan fiye da mafi sau da yawa amfani da sabon quinolone Kalam ..:

• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Norfloxacin".
• "Pefloksatsina".
• "Lomefloxacin".
• "Moxifloxacin".
• "Ofloxacin".

Yana da matuƙar antimicrobial jamiái da ciwon mai fadi bakan na mataki. Su kasa aiki da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. A antimicrobial wakili wajabta cututtuka na numfashi da kuma urinary fili cututtuka, gastro-na hanji fili.

Akwai kuma na uku kungiyar na Kalam na 8-hydroxyquinoline. Wadannan sun hada da wani yawan mahadi wanda da antifungal, anti-parasitic da kuma anti-kwayan aiki ( "Nitroxoline", "Meksaform", da dai sauransu). Kalam "nitrofurans" ( "furazolidone" da "Furatsilinom") da kuma "nitroimidazole" ( "Tinidazole" da "Metronidazole").

Yadda yi antimicrobials?

Antiinfectives yana iri biyu (a kan Effects):

• "Tsidny" (kwayan, fungicides, ko viri- protozia-). A wannan yanayin da halakar da cututtuka wakili.
• "Tsaye" (tare da wannan kari kafin kalma). A wannan yanayin, kawai za a dakatar da ko kare pathogen multiplication.

A hali na take hakkin rigakafi nada "tsidnye" kwayoyi. Kuma maganin rigakafi kamata a canza daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ko don amfani da wasu kwayoyi.

Antimicrobials iya samun wani kunkuntar ko da fadi da kewayon ayyuka. Mai cututtuka suna lalacewa ta hanyar guda pathogen. A wannan yanayin da "kamu" da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba kawai za su kasa tasiri, amma kuma cutarwa ga m microflora da kwayoyin. Saboda haka, likitoci rubũta maganin rigakafi zuwa "kunkuntar" bakan da aikin.

antimicrobials

Anti-mai kumburi da anti-da ake dasu jamiái kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin. Main - shi ne maganin rigakafi. Sun kasu kashi 11 main iri:

• Beta-lactam. Akwai uku kungiyoyin: A (penicillins) da kuma B (cephalosporins) da kuma B (carbapenems). Wannan m-bakan kwayoyi tare da bacteriostatic sakamako. Tarewa gina jiki microbes, raunana su kariya.
• Tetracyclines. Bacteriostatic, babban mataki - hanawa na da ake dasu gina jiki kira. Suna iya zama a cikin nau'i na Allunan, man shafawa ( "oletetrin", "tetracycline hydrochloride") ko capsules ( "Doxycycline").
• Macrolides. Karya da mutunci da membrane ta tuntužar fats.
• Aminoglycosides. Da bactericidal mataki a take hakkin gina jiki kira.
• Fluoroquinolones. Da bactericidal sakamako, hana kwayan enzymes. Rushe DNA kira microbes.
• Lincosamides. Bacteriostats haxe aka gyara da ake dasu membrane.
• "Chloramphenicol". In ba haka ba - "Chloramphenicol". Yana yana da babban yawan guba ga bargo da jini. Saboda haka advantageously amfani topically (as wani maganin shafawa).
• "Polymyxin" (M da B). Aiki da selectively a gram-korau Flora.
• Tarin fuka. Yafi amfani da mycobacteria, amma tasiri ga mai fadi bakan. Amma wadannan kwayoyi ne kawai da tarin fuka da aka bi tun suna dauke su m ( "Rifampicin", "INH").
• Sulfonamides. Suna da yawa illa, don haka ba su amfani da shi yau.
• Nitrofurans. Bacteriostats, amma a high taro - bactericides. Amfani da yafi a cututtuka: hanji ( "furazolidone" "nifuroxazide" "Enterofuril") da kuma urinary fili ( "FURAMAG" "furadonin").

Na biyu kungiyar - bacteriophages. Suna sanya a matsayin mafita ga Topical ko baka (rinsing, wanka, lotions). A amfani da antimicrobial jamiái amfani a cikin wannan kungiya da kuma a lokuta dysbacteriosis ko rashin lafiyan dauki a kan maganin rigakafi.

Na uku kungiyar - antiseptic. Suna amfani da disinfection (rauni jiyya, baki da kuma fata).

mafi antimicrobial

"Sulfamethoxazole" - wannan shi ne mafi kyau antimicrobial wakili. Yana yana da fadi bakan na mataki. "Sulfamethoxazole" shi ne aiki da yawa kwayoyin. Yana tubalan da metabolism na kwayoyin cuta da kuma hana su haifuwa da kuma girma. "Sulfamethoxazole" - a hade da antimicrobials. Yana ne aka yi nufi ga lura da:

• urinary cututtuka (cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, pielita, pyelonephritis, kabba da ciwon sanyi da kuma sauran cututtuka).
• m kuma na kullum mashako.
• numfashi fili.
• gastrointestinal kamuwa da cuta (zawo, cutar kwalara, paratyphoid zazzabi, shigellosis, typhoid zazzabi, cholecystitis, gastroenteritis, cholangitis).
• ENT-gabobin.
• ciwon huhu.
• kuraje.
• fuskantar;
• tafasa.
• rauni cututtuka.
• taushi nama abscesses.
• otitis kafofin watsa labarai.
• laryngitis.
• meningitis.
• da zazzabin cizon sauro.
• brucellosis.
• sinusitis.
• kwakwalwa ƙurji.
• osteomyelitis.
• septicemia.
• toxoplasmosis.
• South American blastomycosis.
• da kuma da dama sauran cututtuka.

Da amfani da "SMZ" m, amma bukatar tuntubar likita, kamar duk magunguna, shi yana da yawan contraindications da illa. Wajibi ne a sanya ido ta maida hankali a jini jini.

yara antimicrobials

Antimicrobial magunguna ga yara da aka zaba sosai a hankali, bisa ga cutar. Ba duk kwayoyi suna yarda don lura da yara.

Group antimicrobial jamiái dauke da iri biyu kwayoyi:

• Nitrofuranovye ( "furazolidone", "Furatsilinom", "furadonin"). Suna da kyau hana kwayoyin cuta (Streptococcus, staphylococcus da kuma kama. D.) Kuma activates tsarin na rigakafi. Amfani da su bi urinary fili cututtuka da kuma hanji. Good yara tare da allergies. Lokaci guda tare da kwayoyi da kuma sauran nada ascorbic acid.
• Hydroxyquinoline ( "intestopan", "negro", "enteroseptol", "Nitroxoline"). Wadannan kwayoyi kashe microbes da inhibiting su da harshen damo (pathogens colitis, dysentery, typhoid zazzabi da sauransu. D.). Amfani ga hanji cututtuka. "Nitroxoline" - tare da urinary fili cututtuka.

Ana amfani da dama sauran anti-mai kumburi kwayoyi. Amma su zabi ya dogara a kan yaro ta rashin lafiya. Aka fi amfani da penicillin kungiyar. Alal misali, domin ciwon makogwaro da kuma sauran cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar streptococcus "A" da aka kuma yi amfani penicillins «G» da kuma «V».

Halitta kwayoyi suna wajabta a syphilis, meningococcal cuta, Listeriosis, neonatal kamuwa da cuta (wanda ake kira streptococcus "B"). A cikin wani hali, magani da ake sa akayi daban-daban, shan la'akari da tolerability.

Yara anti-kumburi kwayoyi

A ilimin aikin likita na yara ware 3 main kungiyoyin na anti-kumburi kwayoyi :

• Mura ( "oxoline", "Alguire"). "Rimantadine" ba ya wuce da cutar zuwa Kwayoyin. Amma wanda ya riga a cikin jiki, ba zai iya tasiri. Saboda haka, da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata a dauka a farkon hours da cutar. Kuma aka yi amfani da rigakafin encephalitis (bayan da kaska cizo).
• Antiherpethetical ( "Zovirax", "Acyclovir").
• Broad-bakan ( "gamma globulin"). Dibazol stimulates da na rigakafi da tsarin, amma sannu a hankali. Saboda haka, yafi amfani ga rigakafin mura. "Interferon" - wani na ciki abu da aka samar a cikin jiki. Yana activates da antiviral gina jiki. A sakamakon haka, shi qara jiki ta jure ƙwayoyin cuta. "Interferon" hana da yawa cututtuka da kuma su rikitarwa.

Antimicrobial da anti-mai kumburi halitta nufin

Allunan, mafita, powders ba ko da yaushe yi amfani da nan da nan. Idan yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da wani antimicrobial wakili, wanda ya ba da yanayi, wani lokacin shi ba ya isa a duk kafin danganci. Har ila yau, da yawa ganye, infusions da decoctions iya cire kumburi tafiyar matakai. Jerin:

• shirye-shirye dangane da dadi, Rosemary, alder, Pine buds.
• mai ruwa-ruwa da ruwan 'ya'ya na itacen oak haushi.
• Infusions na oregano.
• St. John wort.
• Ɗaɗɗoya, officinalis .
• burnet.
• mountaineer Maciji.
• Juniper 'ya'yan itace.
• thyme.
• tafarnuwa.
• Sage ganye.

Zan iya kai-medicate amfani antimicrobials?

Ba tare da wani likita ta sayen magani don amfani antimicrobials haramta ga kai-magani. Wrong zabi na magani zai iya kai ga allergies ko wata karuwa daga cikin yawan microbes cewa ba su damu da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Akwai tsammãninsa ya zama goiter. Tsira microbes iya sarrafa kullum kamuwa da cuta, da kuma sakamakon - bayyanar rigakafi cututtuka.