Antokolsky sculptor Mark Matveevich: biography, iyali, aikin

Wannan talifin zai yi magana game da sculptor ANTOKOLSKY. Wannan mutumin shi ne ya shahara akan ban mamaki halittun, wanda aka auna da yawa. Kamar yadda Mark Matveevich rayu, abin da ransa? Amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi za a iya samu a cikin labarin.

yara

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky aka haife shi a 1840, Nuwamba 2nd. Sunan mahaifi maza ya koma ga sunan a unguwar waje na Vilnius Antakalnis, inda ya rayu dukan iyali. Mark ya yi 8 yan'uwa maza da mata. Sai duk aka haifa a Yahudawa iyali. Uwarsa da ubansa rayu quite tsare, kamar yadda mutane kasance wajen matalauta. A daidai wannan lokaci da hankali da aka biya zuwa addini. Duk da haka, ta ba musamman sha'awar da kadan Mark, wanda daga farkon shekarun ji sha'awa cikin zane. Tun yaron kusantar da abin da ya so da kuma inda ya so, da iyaye mayar da martani ya so a farko ɗauka da sauƙi sa'an nan korau. Amma dalilin ba kawai cewa - sun bai son ganin zuriyarsa artist. Duk da haka, kamar yadda lokaci ya tafi a kan, da kuma iyayentaka zuciya tausasa kamar yadda suka kalli arin da yaro. Lokacin da Mark girma da ya fili yana mai basira domin zane, ya aka aika zuwa karatu ga itace carvers. The Guy sauri horar da da ewa ba har ta zarce malaminsa. Bayan wani lokaci, wani talented yuntse riga aka sani da yawa.

Future sculptor sha'awar Antokolsky matar Wilna Janar V. Nazimova, wanda ya taimaka wa matasa talanti. Shi ne da godiya ga ta tenacity da kuma hulda da Mark dauki zuwa karatu a cikin Academy of Arts. Ya aka yarda ka zama mai sa kai a wani sassaka aji.

A farko nasara

Tuni a 1864, da Mark Matveevich Antokolsky sami wani lambar azurfa ga babban taimako "Bayahude-tela" ya halitta. Bayan aiki tukuru na shekaru hudu Guy samun wani zinariya lambar yabo ga babban taimako mai taken "The rõwa,."

Af, yayin da wani dalibi a Academy of Arts Guy daidai ƙware da Rasha harshen, kazalika da wani aiki ban sha'awa a Rasha adabi da kuma tarihi. Kamar haka wajibi ne a yi la'akari da cewa a gida ya yi magana Yiddish. Fascinated da Rasha al'adu, ya haifar da wani mutum-mutumi na "Ivan Grozny" a shekarar 1970, wanda kiwata shi kusan a cikin sama - wani matashi sculptor Antokolsky samu title na Academician a makaranta. Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, wanda ya zama majiɓinci na Academy of Arts, ya zo da indescribable ni'ima a gaban Mark ta aiki. Ita ce ta yi magana game da talented saurayi zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II, a kan abin da mutum-mutumi na shafa da. Ya ma ya yanke shawarar in saya da shi ga hermitage kuma sa yin aiki 8 dubu rubles, wanda a lokacin ya kasance wata babbar adadin kudi.

balaga lokaci

Antokolsky Mark Matveevich, wanda biography mu duba yiwuwar, bayan ya sauke karatu daga Academy yanke shawarar zuwa Paris da kuma Roma. Af, a wancan zamani, kowa ga masu digiri. Abin da ya ce, da yi. An yi imani da cewa a domin wani mutum ya zama mai kyau master, kuma ya iya kawo wani sabon abu, da ya yi don ganin aikin mafi kyau artists a cikin na asali da kuma nutsad da kansu a cikin al'adu da yanayi. Monument wa Bitrus 1 a Taganrog aka ɗauki cikinsa sassaka ko a lokacin da yake horo a Academy, amma aiki a kan shi, sai ya fara ne kawai a Roma. Layi daya ga wannan, mutum kuma ya zama m memba na Paris Academy. Tuni a 1878 ya nuna ya fi kyau halittun a Duniya Nunin da aka gudanar a birnin Paris. Af, Bitrus 1 tunawa a Taganrog aka dauke kawai daya daga cikin mafi kyau.

Sculptor Antokolsky karbi mafi yiwu lambar yabo da Order na Tuli na karimci. Bayan wani lokaci, wani mutum ya kasance mai m memba na dama da kwalejojin a Yammacin Turai: London, Vienna, Berlin da sauransu.

daga baya da shekaru

A 1889, wani mutum halitta mutum-mutumi "Nestor da tarihin." 2 shekaru baya da sculptor kammala biyu sauran manyan ayyuka: da mutum-mutumi na tagulla "Ermak" da kuma majolica "Yaroslav Mudry."

Bugu da kari zuwa sculptures, Mark rubuta da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kasidunsu a kan art wallafa wani iri-iri na mujallu a Turai. A 1887 ya wallafa "tarihin rayuwar", kuma jim kadan kafin mutuwar sa, ya rubuta labari "Ben-Ishaku" wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga Yahudawa.

Bayan mutuwar mutum mai girma littafin da aka buga "Mark Matveevich Antokolsky. Ransa, aikin, haruffa da kuma articles. "

Antokolsky mutu a Frankfurt am Main, amma wasu jayayya da cewa ya mika wuya ga sama a garin Bad Homburg. Aka binne shi a Transfiguration na Yahudawa hurumi a St. Petersburg. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa yara mutum ya zama mũmini, abin da ya kasance ga sauran kwanaki, lura da kwastan na Yahudanci. A dutsen kabari da aka yi wa ado da hotunan da Attaura gungura, menorah da Star Dawuda.

iyali

Amma ga iyali, da sculptor ya ba matarsa kuma yara. Iyalinsa aka dauke su da 'yar Elena Tarhanova, wanda shi ma wani artist. Matar da aka yi aure zuwa wani sanannen physiologist Ivanom Tarhanovym. Tare da Antokolsky suka bai wa ma'abũcin zumunta ruhohi, don haka ne ko da yaushe sa in touch, tare samu wani m rikicin.

ban sha'awa facts

Sculptures alama antokolsky sosai shahara. Irin wannan talented mutum na da yawa mabiyansa. Biyu na su - shi ke Boris Schatz da Ilya Ginzburg.

A farko Rasha-yi sassaka, wanda aka sayo a West - aiki Antokolsky "Tsar Ivan Vasilievich da Munin." An samo aiki a Kensington Museum.

A Urushalima akwai wani titi da aka mai suna bayan Antokolsky.

"Ermak" da "Ivan Grozny"

La'akari da daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa sculptures alama antokolsky - "Ermak". Da farko, bari mu ce cewa dukan ayyukan da sculptures kashe a cikin style of hakikanci, kuma me ya sa su ne don haka m. Bugu da kari, za mu lura da daidaici da kuma tsabta daga halittunSa. Aiki a kan "Ermak" Antokolsky ya fara a 1881. Ermak Timofeevich - tarihi adadi. Known Cossack jigo wanda ya jagoranci ci daga Siberia ga Rasha jihar. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa Mark, wanda shi ne don haka sha'awar Rasha tarihi, janyo hankalin Ermak adadi. Kuma da sosai ra'ayin shi ya yi wani zagaye kwanan wata - da tercentenary na ci na Siberia. "Top" ya zo a lokaci guda a hukumance izini don ƙirƙirar sassaka.

Duk da cewa a cikin adabi akwai isasshen kwatancin na gwarzo, Antokolsky so kai wani m image, nuna motsin zuciyarmu. Kafin shi ne mai aiki don ƙirƙirar wani image cewa zai yi wakilci da ikon ruhu na dukan Rasha mutane. Abin mamaki shine, Mark Matveevich zahiri gudanar ya sake shi duk a cikin fuska fasali na rai guda. A babbar adadi na wani mutum ya burge tare da size da kuma iko. Abin lura shi ne cewa warrior makamai tare da sanya mai girma daidaito da kuma tarihi amincin. A yawa na lokaci da kuma kokarin da aka kashe a kan halittar wannan ban mamaki sassaka, amma ya daraja shi.

Statue "Ivan Grozny" shi ne na farko da manyan aiki na maza. Wannan halittar aka yi da wani sabon abu da hankali ga daki-daki. Sarkin zaune a kan wani babban kursiyi, kafadu rufe tare da m gashi, kuma a ƙafafunsa - da iko a kan dukan ƙasar. Yana da ban mamaki yadda a daya sassaka Marc Antokolsky iya nuna kusan duk gogaggen mutane da kuma cewa shi muhimmanci a gare shi. A zamanin mulkinsa, sai sarki ya je, ta hanyar sosai, dalilin da yake ya tsufa, ya kasance firgita. Duk da haka, sarki ne mai wuya a shigar da su kura-kurai, da kuma saboda shi ne tilted baya, sa shi yi kama da wani surly tsohon mutumin. Duk da wayar da kan jama'a da zunubansa, ya ba zai iya yin istigfãri, me ya sa shi ya zama ko da wuya.

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky: "Mutuwa na Socrates"

A ra'ayin da aka haife daga marubucin a 1874. An sani cewa da yawa daga cikin ayyukan da Mahalicci suna cike da ciki wasan kwaikwayo, musamman da mutummutumai na zamanin d gabascin. Wannan aikin da aka halitta a 1877.

Socrates yana da zabi: rabuwa da ra'ayoyi ko ya mutu. Zurfin tunani zabi na biyu hanya. The aiki na sassaƙa ya nuna wani m nau'i nau'i na rayuwa da kuma halin kirki yawa daga cikin feat. By Mark Matveevich ce yana so ya haifar da wani sassaka a lokacin da mutuwa ta Socrates, su nuna babban mummunan abu na yadda mutane mutu ga su ideas.

Mun yi magana game da rayuwa da kuma aiki da sculptor Antokolsky. HanyarSa ta hanyar rayuwar ta na cike da ba kawai da karin bayanai, amma kuma cikas. Duk da wasu rikice-rikice ciki, wani mutum ya taurare tafi gaba da yin abubuwan da kuke so, kawo shi ga kamala.