Architect na St. Ishaku Cathedral a St. Petersburg

St. Ishaku Cathedral - daya daga cikin mafi kyau gine-gine na St. Petersburg. Nawa wahayi, fasaha da kuma aiki kashe a halittarsa. Its gine ne ido-kamawa, ciki mesmerizing zinariya spire ne a bayyane daga dukkan sassa na birnin, da kuma daga colonnade yayi mai ban mamaki views daga cikin birnin. Inspirational fitacciyar yiwuwa a wuce da, shi ne a fi so wuri na yawon bude ido da kuma mazauna birnin a kan Neva. Kuma da yawa baƙi zuwa tambaya: "The m wanda ya gina St. Ishaku Cathedral, - wanda shi ne ya?". Mun koyi amsar a cikin wannan labarin.

Ilimi da kuma basira

Haife m na St. Ishaku Cathedral ne ba a Rasha da kuma a cikin unguwannin Paris. Yana saurayi ya zo daidai da Napoleonic wars na marigayi XVIII - farkon XIX ƙarni. The saurayi karatu a Royal Academy of Architecture a Paris (a cikin waɗannan kwanaki aka kira Special School of Architecture). Sau biyu ya yi katse koyarwa da kuma je sojojin, to yãƙi a cikin rundunar sojojin Napoleon a Italiya da kuma Jamus.

Amma, duk da dukan wadannan cikas, nan gaba m na St. Ishaku Cathedral ya iya koya daga mafi kyau ƙaunataccen aiki na Faransa artists na zamani. A lokacin da soja yakin, ya ya iya ganin misalai masu yawa na gargajiya art, da kuma bayan Napoleon ta sallama - samun farko kwarewa a Paris, inda ya jagoranci da aikin gine-gine.

Duk da haka, talented da kuma m m san cewa za ta cikin post-yaki rikicin a Faransa, zai yi babu inda nema da ilmi ba. Kuma a sa'an nan ka bukatar ka nemi wani karin dace wuri domin ganin na kwarewarsu. Kuma a sa'an nan da nan gaba m na St. Ishaku Cathedral a St. Petersburg yanke shawarar yin amfani da su m. Me ya sa babu? The matasa babban birnin na Rasha Empire bai rasa wajen rayayye gina da kuma bukatar iyawa.

Isa a Rasha

A lokacin rani na 1816, Bafaranshen ya sauka a St. Petersburg, inda ya samu mukamin draftsman a kan kwamitin kula da harkokin gine da kuma Ruwa Works. Mun gode wa damar iya yin komai, himma da kuma kai aminci, ya zarar zama wani sabon kwarewa zama dole su yi aiki a sabon yanayi. Savvy da kuma ikon yin mai kyau ra'ayi a kan m mutane don su taimake shi don motsawa zuwa ga manufarta.

Ba da da ewa shi ne folded da kuma farin ciki taron: shugaban kwamitin ya bada shawarar cewa talented Faransa Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I matsayin wani gwani iya sake gina kasance m farko St. Ishaku Cathedral.

Architect, ba ko da zama sananne, ya tafi kusa da sauran 'yan takara ba tare da wata wahala ba. Da ya gudanar ya yi m ra'ayi kan sarki, ya gabatar da gracefully ado album tare da 24 zana thumbnail, wanda dogara ne a kan mafi kyau Turai majami'u. Shi ne kawai da wani abu da zai iya shige daidaituwa a cikin majestic bayyanar da birni a kan Neva. A watan Disamba, 1817, bayan wata shekara daya da rabi bayan da ya dawo, talatin da Bafaranshe ya zama kotun m. Ne zai fara babban aiki na hudu da suka gabata - wanda shi ne nawa lokaci aka gina sanannen babban coci, wanda muka sani a yau.

style master

Kerawa hada biyu manyan igiyoyin: High classicism (in ba haka ba da aka sani da Rasha Empire), da kuma eclectic - mai hade da abubuwa daban-daban daga gine-gine da yayi. A wannan yanayi, da m na St. Ishaku Cathedral ne bidi'a domin lokaci. Sau da yawa sosai, ya yi amfani da abubuwa na na da Gothic gine-gine da cewa ya na musamman ainihi.

A 1840 da m sanya wata tafiya zuwa Ingila, Faransa, Italiya da Jamus don samun matsahi na saba da peculiarities na ciki ado na cikin Haikali gine-gine. The kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu ya tushen ga aikin, wanda ya zama babban brainchild na Faransa m.

Fara na yi na babban coci

Engineering da aikin gine-gine ya fara a 1818. Yi jan a na dogon lokaci da kuma sau da yawa dakatar saboda tsanani kurakurai a cikin zane-zane. Amma godiya ga kwarewa da wani babban rukuni na gogaggen injiniyoyi iya jimre da matsaloli.

Yi manajan delved cikin duk cikakkun bayanai. A musamman na'urar ga dagawa nauyi, karfi da karfe igiyoyinsu for tubali da dutse - wadannan da kuma sauran m aikin injiniya da kuma zane mafita ta amfani da matasa m na St. Ishaku Cathedral. A St. Petersburg, sa'an nan babban birnin kasar na tsohon daular, mai yawa da hankali da aka biya zuwa sake fasalin kudin na wannan makaman. Ko sa'an nan ya bayyana a fili cewa an qadara zama daya daga cikin ziyartar cards na gari.

Gamawa na

A farkon 1840s da babban aikin da aka ƙãre, kuma master zo Grips tare da ciki ado na cikin Haikali. Tu da shi da aka dage farawa daga Rasha ta most akwai gilashi taga depicting Almasihu. Sauran zane mai ban mamaki yi a mai, amma daga shi aka yi watsi da su high zafi dalili. A madadin babban coci rufi da kuma bango bangarori, da kuma ado 150 hotuna dage farawa daga cikin wata mosaic dabara na musamman kayan - smalt. Artists yi amfani da shi fiye da dubu 12 da launuka, yin images gaskiya Masterpieces.

A overall ra'ayi zane ci gaba da m of St. Ishaku Cathedral, amma ya yi aiki a kan halittar zane-zane, mosaics, akwai gilashi kuma sculptures na da yawa talented artists na lokaci: Karl Bryullov, N. Pimenov, P. Klodt da yawa wasu. Daya daga cikin manyan karin bayanai na babban coci fara gilded Dome, wanda ya dauki 100 kg na zinariya.

Tare da halittar St. Petersburg fitacciyar ne saboda m Hasashen: a lokacin da za a kammala Ishaku Cathedral, da m mutu. A annabcin da aka cika quite daidai: May 30, 1858, babban coci da aka kaddamar da kuma tsarkake, da kuma a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, aikin marubucin ya mutu yana da shekaru 72 da shekaru.

Ba kawai Ishaku Cathedral

Architect for shekara arba'in da ɗaya, ya rayu a St. Petersburg, ya gina ba kawai ya shahara fitacciyar. A 1832, a Palace Square aka gina halitta da ya aikin Alexander Column.

Har ila yau, Faransa m ya kammala yawa masu zaman kansu umarni. Saboda wannan zamanin yau manyan gidajen qasaita a cikin zuciya na St. Petersburg ganin darajarsa ta m gine-gine, wanda haka daidai daidai da siffar da birnin.

Yanzu yana da lokaci don suna da talented mutum, batun wannan labarin. Architect na St. Ishaku Cathedral - Ogyust Monferran. Godiya ga shi, da yawa daga cikin shahararrun gine-gine na arewacin babban birnin kasar ne daidai yadda sauƙi recognizable da kuma ban mamaki tunanin siffar.