Austria litattafansu. Babban Austria mawaki

Austria yana da wani arziki da al'adu da kuma yanzu. Its mazaunan tsõron hadisai, runduna yawa bukukuwa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru. Austria litattafansu sun yi babban taimako ga ci gaban mutum da al'adunsu. Musamman da aka sani ga m duniya na wannan kasa. Duk da haka, a wallafe-wallafen akwai mai Popular sunan.

Marubuta da kuma kasida daga cikin karni na 19th litattafansu: jerin

• Adalbert Stifter.
• Johann Nepomuk Nestroy.
• Karl Emil Fransoz
• Ludwig Antsengruber.
• Leopold von Sackbrook-Masoch.
• Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach.
• Nikolaus Lenau.
• Peter Rosegger.
• Ferdinand Raimund.
• Frants Grilpartser.
• Ferdinand von Saar.
• Charles Silsfild.

Features na Austria al'ada

Austria shayari peculiar da kuma sabon abu. Yana yana da musamman harshe da kuma salon, musamman hanyoyin da dabarun, su kai ma'anar rayuwa.

Yana da aka a cikin karni na 19th a Austria ya ɓullo da wani ciki akida da kuma halin kirki hadin kai na al'adu. Austria litattafansu na wannan karni isa m Heights a duk duniyoyin da art.

Ba shi yiwuwa a fahimci al'adun wannan ban mamaki kasa, idan ka karanta ko sauraron ayyukan wadannan artists na waje da kuma sha'aninsu dabam. Yana da muhimmanci a fahimta su ainihi, zurfi ma'ana. Kawai sai halittar za a bude da wani ban mamaki jam'iyyar.

Idan "Punch" da ɗan bushe da m surface Frantsa Grilpartsera shayari, yana yiwuwa don samun ciki ya duniya.

Idan shawo kan extensiveness kwatancin Adalbert Stifter, sa'an nan kowace kalma za a gane a matsayin mai wuce yarda da ma'ana da kuma tsoronsa-bakin ciki. Deep da ma'anar shayari na Georg Trakl. Idan shawo waje incoherence ya Lines, sa'an nan da mawãƙi zai zama musamman mai ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa.

Austria litattafansu ko purposely kewaye da duniya tare da wani m Layer na kowa a cikin karni na 19th (kuma ba kawai) bad dandano, vulgarity da insipidity.

Gaskiya mahalicci ba bari aikinsa kokarinsu na samun kariya domin kansu. Abu ne mai sauki da za a fahimci yau. Bari ya faru daga baya. Amma ana fahimci bai so a duk.

Austria adabi na karni na 19th

Karni na 19th ga Austria - "bourgeois" zamanin. Musamman ma a cikin na biyu da rabi na wannan karni, akwai tsaga a cikin al'adu rayuwa a kasar. Babban shugabanci zama nishadi. Ba abin mamaki dalilin da ya sa Viennese operetta ne samun dukan duniya. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 19th, manufar "Vienna Mutane ta Theater" da aka rasa da tsohon muhimmanci. Babu shakka cewa a irin wannan yanayi akwai adabi daga gaban mutane. Yana da aka adabi, wanda suna a hankali lauye Jamus da kuma Slav al'adu abubuwa.

Slavic theme ne sosai damu game da Austria marubuta. A tarihi bala'i "Farin Ciki da rasuwar sarkin Ottokar" - an yi fice a aikin na zamaninsa. Yana da aka rubuta da Austria marubuci Frants Grilpartser. Ya nasa ne da mai girma wasan kwaikwayo "Libuse". A cikin aikin Adalbert Stifter Slavic theme occupies wani gagarumin matsayi.

Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach - wani fice marubuci. By da Slavs shi kai tsaye related: zo daga wani iyali aristocratic Dubski.

A babban marubuta na Austria a cikin irin wannan mawuyacin lokaci mafarki na aminci da zaman lafiya tsakanin mutane. Duk wannan kai tsaye bayyana a cikin m ayyukansu.

Brief bayanai game da Austria mawãƙi

Austria mawãƙi ya yi babban taimako ga kasarsa ta al'adu ci gaba. Su m qagaggun kamar waɗanda karatu suka fahimci da kuma godiya aikinsu.

Georg Trakl (1887-1914) ya rayu, kamar yadda muka gani, sosai kadan. Kawai shekaru 27 da haihuwa. An haife shi a Salzburg, Fabrairu 3, 1887. Poetry fara rubuta tare da high-makaranta shekaru. Ya rike wadannan guda: "Ranar biyayya", "Fata Morgana", "Mariya Magdalina," "Dreamland". Daga 1910 zuwa 1911 ya yi aiki a rundunar soja. "Pan" ne a wallafe-wallafen al'umma tun 1912. A shekara daga baya, da littafin da farko da tarin waqe-waqe. A shekara ta 1914 ya aka girke a cikin sojojin. Ya ga wa kansa da idanu da tsoro na yaki. Tunaninsa ba zai tsaya da shi, kuma ya kashe kansa.

Rene Carl Maria Rilke zauna a 1875-1926 shekaru. Tun 1894 ya wallafa farko gajejjeran labaru, kazalika da littafin "The Life, kuma Songs".

Ya saki biyu tarin a cikin shekaru biyu - "Wadanda na Lares." A 1897 ya ziyarci Venice, sa'an nan zuwa Berlin, inda kuma zaunar. Ga ya halitta uku tarin wakoki. Babban tasiri a kan shi yana da wani marubuci Lou Andreas-Salome. A 1899 ya zo da Rasha. Akwai ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa Leonid Pasternak, Ilya Repin, Leo Tolstoy, Boris Pasternak, kuma da yawa wasu artists.

Tun 1901 ya koma Paris. Up har mutuwar sa, ya yi hira tare da Marina Tsvetaeva, wanda basu taba haduwa da. Ya mutu a cikin 1926.

Stefan Tsveyg

A marubuci Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) - an yi fice a Austria classic. An haife shi a Vienna. A 1905, ya tafi zuwa Paris. A shekarar 1906 ya tafiya zuwa Italiya, Spain, India, Amurka, Cuba. A 1917-1918 ya rayu a Switzerland. Bayan yaki, ya zaunar da kusa Salzburg. A 1901 da littafin da farko littafin "Azurfa Kirtani". Ya aka sada zumunci tare da shahararren Figures na al'ada, kamar Rilke, Rolland, Masereel, Rodin, Mann, Hesse, Wells da yawa wasu. A lokacin yakin, sai ya rubuta wata} asida game da Rolland - "The lamiri na Turai". Marubucin ya zama yadu da aka sani ga littafan "Amok", "Ruɗani a na ji," "The Royal Game". Zweig sau da yawa haifar da ban sha'awa tarihin rayuwa, masterly aikin da tarihi takardun. A 1935 da ya rubuta littafin "Kawasaki da Tragedy na Erasmus." Fabrairu 22, 1942 ya dauki tare da matarsa, da wani babban kashi na kwayoyin maganin barci kuma ya mutu. Ya cikakken bai yarda da wannan duniya.

Composers Austria

Austria gargajiya composers cusa yawa ƙungiyoyi mutane tare da dukan shugabanci na art. Jerin kanta ne talented mawaki da kuma Austria kida staggering a iyãwarsa. Su ne:

• Franz Yozef Gaydn.
• Johann Nepomuk Hummel.
• Carl Dittersdorf.
• Simon Zehter.
• Leopold Mozart.
• Ignaz Holtsbauer.
• Anselm Hüttenbrenner.
• Karl Cherni.
• Johann Schenk.
• Anton Eberl.
• Franz Schubert.
• Wolfgang Mozart.
• Alban Berg.
• Anton Bruckner.
• Ignats Bryull.
• Anton von Webern.
• Egon Welles.
• Hans gal.
• Hermann Grabner.
• Johann Nepomuk David.
• Franz von Suppe.
• Fritz Kreisler.
• Vilgelm Kintsl.
• Josef Lanner.
• Iosif Messner.
• Feliks Motl.
• Carl Milloker.
• Sigismund Thalberg.
• Karl Rankl.
• Leo Fall.
• Karl Tseller.
• Arnold Schoenberg.
• Yozef Shtraus.
• Iogann Shtraus.
• Gustav Mahler.
• Hans Erich Apostel.
• Friedrich Vildgans.
• Franz Zalmhofer.
• Ernst Krenek.

Franz Yozef Gaydn

Austria mawaki, da haske wakilin da Viennese gargajiya makaranta. Ya kasance batun daban-daban nau'o'i. Ya rubuta 104 kade-kade, 83 quartets, 52 piano sonatas, kazalika da ya bari gado - oratorios, operas da kuma talakawa. Ya aka haife Maris 31, 1732 a Rohr. Jima ƙware wasa mahara kida. A cikin tsawon 1759-1761 gg. Ya yi aiki a cikin count Morzine, sa'an nan ya dauki matsayi na mataimakin Kapellmeister a kotu na Prince Esterhazy. A farkon da sabis hada yafi karaoke music. Wannan "Morning" triptych na kade-kade, "noon", "Maraice da kuma hadari." A cikin marigayi 1660 ta - farkon 1670 ta rubuta tsanani da kuma ban mamaki bututun sauti. Highlights da "} arar", "Makoki," "Stradalnaya", "Farewell." A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta goma sha takwas kirtani quartets. Gaydn Yozef kuma ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo. A mafi kyau a san su "harhaɗa magunguna", "ta rũɗe kafirci", "Moon World", "lada biyayya", "Karin Paladin", "Armida". A 1787 ya rubuta shida quartets. Da masu bincike lura cewa su aka halitta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da kide na Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Bayan rasuwar Prince Esterhazy (1790) da Joseph Haydn shi ne m 'yanci da damar da za su yi tafiya zuwa wasu biranen. A London, da ya halitta na karshe goma sha biyu kade-kade. Ya mutu a Vienna a kan Maris 31, 1809, da makamantansu.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, Austria litattafansu sun yi babban taimako ga ci gaban mutum da al'adunsu. Austria shayari aka bambanta da ta m harshe da kuma salon. Muna bukatar mu thoughtfully, kuma a hankali domin fahimtar al'adun wannan ban mamaki kasa, karanta ko sauraron ayyukan art na ta litattafansu, kokarin kama su ainihi. Kuma halittar za a bude daga wani m kwata.