Babban birni a Ukraine da yanki, ta yawan jama'a. Babban birane na Ukraine: jerin

Kasar Ukraine ita ce kasar, na biyu a cikin ƙasa da ke tsakanin jihohi na Turai, wanda ke cikin yankin gabas.

Ƙididdigar alƙaluma da yanki

Jama'a kusan kimanin miliyan 43. A cikin dukan duniyarmu wannan ita ce wuri na talatin da biyu bisa yawan yawan mazauna cikin sauran jihohi. Kasashe irin su Moldova da Romania, Hungary da Slovakia, Poland, Belarus da Rasha sun kasance makwabta.

A cikin kudancin yankin ƙasar Black da Azov Seas ta wanke ƙasar. M yankin ne lebur da kuma wani lokacin m, kuma kawai biyar da cent - wani dutse, Carpathian (tare da mafi batu a 2061 mita - Goverla) da kuma Crimean (tsororuwar - Roman-Kosh, 1545 m).

Bayani game da wadataccen albarkatu

Daga cikin nau'o'in minera guda ɗari da ashirin da aka sani ga mutum kuma yana amfani da su, 97 akwai. Bisa kashi biyar cikin dari na tsararru na duniya - irin wannan nau'i na baƙin ƙarfe ne aka mayar da hankali a ƙasashen Ukraine. Bugu da ƙari, akwai manyan ajiya na kwalba, mafi girma a duniya na sulfur, mercury ores (na biyu). A yawancin yawan ma'adinan da ba a samar da su ba a cikin masana'antar masana'antu. Yana da yumbu, limstone, tuff, marble, basalt, gypsum, alli, da marl. Ta hanyar reserves na sodium chloride, graphite, kaolin, Ukraine kasance daga cikin manyan kasashen duniya da Turai musamman. Kuma wannan ba dukkanin jerin abubuwan da kasar Ukrainian ke da shi ba ne.

Haɗin jama'a

A cikin garuruwan Ukraine, wanda lambar ta 460, kusan 69% na yawan jama'a suke rayuwa. Sauran sauran kashi 31 cikin dari na yawan mazauna kauyuka (yankunan birane, adadin su 885) da yankunan karkara, wanda fiye da dubu 28. A kananan ƙauyuka, babban aikin shi ne kula da aikin noma, wanda ke da dukkanin sharadi na bunkasawa da yawan samuwa. Wannan yanayin climatic ne, kuma ingancin kasa (a cikin Ukraine akwai kashi na uku na ƙasar tudu a Turai). Sai kawai halin da wasu mutane ke yi ga aikin noma ba daidai ba ne.

Gwamnati ba ta kula da wannan batu ba, mutanen kauyuka ba su da tallafi na musamman, sabili da haka, a kan ƙananan masana'antu, aikin noma yana ɓangare, a cikin masana'antar shuka - hatsi, masara. Gurasar dabba tana da mahimmanci don samar da iyalinsa. A cikin birane, akwai maida hankali kan nau'o'in masana'antu.

Yankunan da suka fi girma a yankunansu

A game da yanki a cikin biranen Ukrainian, Kiev shine wuri na farko, babban birnin, kuma yankinsa yana da 870.5 sq. Km.

Na gaba biyar birane da game da 400 km sq., Su ne Makeyevka (Donetsk yankin), Gorlovka (Donetsk yankin), Krivoy Rog (Dnepropetrovsk yankin), Dnepropetrovsk kanta da kuma Donetsk. Yankin su - 425.7 km murabba'i, 422 km square, 410 km square, 405 km square. Kuma 385 km square. Mai daraja. Bugu da ƙari, Kiev, manyan biranen kasar Ukraine suna da wannan babban yanki saboda ayyukan bunkasuwar masana'antu. Alal misali, a Makeyevka shi ne game da ashirin masana'antu da kuma nazarinsa, mayar da hankali a kan manyan masana'antu (baƙin ƙarfe da karfe, da kwal hakar ma'adinai, aikin injiniya) da abinci da harkokin kasuwanci. Tare da Donetsk, wadannan birane biyu ne mafi girma a cibiyar masana'antu a Ukraine. A Gorlovka akwai fiye da hamsin hamsin, gaura, abinci, ginin masana'antu da masana'antu. Krivoy Rog shi ne tsakiyar cibiyar da aka fi sani da kayan aiki. Dnepropetrovsk tare da kamfanoni 200 na masana'antu iri sha uku sun samar da 4.5% na yawan kayan aikin masana'antu na Ukraine. Amma ga Kiev, cibiyar ba kawai ga masana'antu ba, har ma ga sauran al'amura, kamar siyasa, al'adu, kimiyya, sufuri, addini.

Birane goma mafi girma a ƙasar Ukrainian sune: a cikin na bakwai wuri - Kharkov (350 km sq.), Na takwas wurin Zaporozhye (331 sq. Km), Na tara - Lugansk (269 sq. Km), Kuma ya kammala saman goma Nikolaev (253 sq. Km.).

Waɗanne biranen suna da yawancin mazauna

The most Ukrainian birane cikin sharuddan yawan sake gangarawa Kiev - kusan 2.9 mutane miliyan, bisa ga latest data .. Na gaba, tare da rabi darajar daga baya, Kharkov - 1.45 mutane miliyan, sa'an nan kuma - Odessa (1.014 miliyan), Dnepropetrovsk (987,000), kuma na biyar mafi kusa da kai sanar da Dnepropetrovsk - Donetsk - tare da yawan 933 Dubban mutane. A saman goma, wanda shine mafi girma a garuruwan Ukraine ga yawan jama'a, kuma ya bayyana:

- Zaporozhye (762,000).

- Lviv (729,000).

- Krivoy Rog (dubu 647).

- Mykolaiv (494 dubu).

- Mariupol (dubu 455).

Yawan manyan biranen Ukraine, kuma waɗannan su ne wadanda ke da mutane 250-500 (16 daga cikin su), yana da kimanin mutane miliyan 5, wanda shine fiye da 11% na yawan mutanen ƙasar.

Gaba ɗaya, goma, wanda ya zama mafi girma a garuruwan Ukraine, kama da wannan.

Jama'ar ƙananan garuruwa

Wadannan wurare da ƙananan jama'a suna da alamun da aka sani Pripyat (a wannan birni babu wanda ke zaune yanzu saboda kusanci da tashar wutar lantarki ta Chernobyl) da Chernobyl, inda kimanin mutane 500 ke zaune. Suna da alhakin tabbatar da tsaro a yankin, don yin aiki a shafukan yanar gizon ɓoye, da kuma mutanen da suka yanke shawarar komawa ƙasarsu, duk da hadarin da haɗari.

Nan gaba zo kananan ƙananan gari, inda yawan mutane ke kai kimanin mutane biyu zuwa biyar. Waɗannan su ne:

- Berestechko da Ustilug a yankin Volyn.

- Baturin a cikin yankin Chernigov.

- Skalat a yankin Ternopil.

- Svyatogorsk a yankin Donetsk.

Kodayake dokar Ukraine ta sanya matsayi na gari na iya zama ƙauye tare da yawan mutane dubu goma. Amma a cikin ƙasa mai irin wannan tarihin tarihi akwai wurin da za a banka dangane da muhimmancin tarihi na birni. Har ila yau, birane sun kasance yankunan da suka kasance a baya suna da yawan mazauna a sama da ake buƙata mafi yawa, amma a tsawon lokaci yawan ya ɓace saboda mutuwar mace da kuma hijira na mazauna zuwa wasu biranen da ƙasashe.

Bayani a duniya

Ukraine ta kasance na biyu a game da mace-mace a duniya. Kasashen Afirka ta Kudu ne kawai ke gabanta a cikin wannan matsala. A lokacin da yawan mutuwar duniya ya kai kashi 8.6 a kowace shekara, a cikin Ukraine akwai ainihin sau biyu - 15.72 (bayanai don 2014). Don kwatanta, a Iraki, inda yanayin siyasa marar kyau ya kasance a wurare, yanzu kuma akwai abubuwa masu ban tausayi tare da yin amfani da makamai, yawan mutuwar kawai ya kai 4.57. Mene ne dalilin matsala na yawan jama'ar Jihar Ukrainian?

Matsalar rashin lafiya

Mafi mahimmanci, ilimin kimiyya ne, ko a'a, rashin kula da ka'idojin muhalli. Saboda haka, na farko, gurɓata albarkatun ruwa. Bisa ga matakin kula da ruwa da mazaunan Ukraine ke cinye, kasar ta kasance a kan wurin 105th daga 120. An tsara al'amuran da aka yi amfani da su wajen ƙayyade amfani da ruwan sha har ma a cikin USSR. Tun daga wannan lokacin, "ruwa mai yawa ya gudana a ƙarƙashin gada," da yawa sababbin abubuwa masu lahani sun bayyana, wadanda ba a kula da su ba bisa ka'idodi masu tasowa.

Wani muhimmin dalili shi ne babu sharar gida: kawai 10% da aka sarrafa, da sauran - kafa da kuma kone, wanda yake shi ne bangaren kashi na iska gurbatawa. Don kwatanta: a Turai, har zuwa 95% na datti an sake sake shi. Alal misali, gwangwani na aluminum, wanda aka sayar da Coca-Cola ko Sprite. 99% shiga cikin sake sakewa, saboda an sarrafa dukkanin aluminum, kuma duk da kashi biyar cikin dari na makamashi na samar da firamare. Kuma, ba shakka, matsalar na nuclear, wanda ya shafi ba kawai Ukrainian ƙasar, amma kuma da kasashen makwabta na yammacin Turai, kazalika gaba zuwa iyakar yankin na Rasha. Amma idan ba a iya gyara sakamakon abin da aka ambata ba a kowane hanya, to, za a iya warware matsalolin da suka rage, babban abu shine ƙoƙarin kokarin. Ci gaba da wannan hali zuwa ga yanayin waje zai haifar da mummunan ragowar yawan mutanen Ukraine.