Baikal kifi: da jerin description

The most ruwa tare lake a duniya - Lake Baikal. Tana da zurfi ne 1637 mita, da kuma shekaru na wannan musamman jiki na ruwa, bisa ga masana kimiyya, shi ne fiye da ashirin da biyar da miliyan shekaru.

a cikin jarrabawa a tsakanin masu bincike lake cewa Baikal - shi ne nan gaba teku: ya ba alamun tsufa, ta gaba ake kullum fadada. The kawai kogin sunã gudãna daga tafkin, shi ne Angar, wanda tsawon - 1779 kilomita. Angara widest (863 m) da kuma most a duniya.

Baikal kifi da aka sani ba kawai a Siberia, ɗaukaka shi da dadewa ketare iyakar kasar mu. Game da ta iyawa daga cikin Legends. Bushe ko kyafaffen omul - gargajiya kyauta cewa Siberians kawo your friends a birane da yawa na Rasha. Da zarar ka yi kokarin jita-jita daga Baikal kifi, mafi matafiya suna shirin su na gaba da tafiya zuwa Lake Baikal, to a sake ji dadin m hali da kuma iyawa na kyafaffen whitefish, Grayling da ƙanshi na gasa kyafaffen whitefish da bushe golomyanka.

Baikal ajiye

Don adana musamman yanayi na Lake Baikal a 1969 Muciya Reserve, wanda aka located a gabashin tudu da lake da aka kafa a nan. Yana bautarka a sararin ƙasa - a cikin 167.871 kadada na tudu da kewayon Khamar-Daban. Iyakoki na Baikal Nature Reserve ne a kan waɗansu kõguna da Mishikha Vydrin. Baikal kewaye duwãtsu - shi ne halitta shãmaki da iska kõguna qazanta da m saki na sediments.

The ajiye aka ajiye daruruwan musamman jinsunan Flora da fauna. Rare wakilan karkashin ruwa duniya shahara Baikal Reserve. Kifi a aka same shi da goma sha biyu jinsuna. Wannan shi ne yafi flax, kifi da kuma Grayling. Wadannan iri zo a lokacin spawning a cikin kogi, kuma a karshen bazara sake dawo da shi cikin ƙorama, inda suka ciyar da hunturu.

Iri Baikal kifi

Kuma kawai a cikin tafkin (ciki har da kare yankunan), akwai fiye da hamsin jinsunan kifaye. Kawai goma sha biyar da lãbãri ga yawan kamun kifi. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu su ne Grayling, whitefish da cisco. A wani karami yawan kowa da irin muhimmanci da Baikal kifi kamar Baikal sturgeon, kifi, bano da kuma flax. Bugu da kari, rayuwa a cikin tafkin perch, IDE, roach.

A cewar 'yan data, jimlar biomass kifaye a cikin tafkin ne game da mutum ɗari biyu da talatin da dubu ton, ciki har da dubu sittin ton na kama kifi. Don ƙara yawan m nau'in kifi a Irkutsk da aka halitta Ltd. "Baikal kifi", da ayyukan da za mu yi magana game da daga baya.

Kasa mu gabatar muku da wani jerin mafi kowa iri lake kifi:

• kifi.
• flax.
• cisco.
• Arctic char.
• whitefish.
• Grayling.
• Pike.
• IDE.
• bream
• Siberian Dace.
• minnow.
• Siberian roach.
• minnow.
• irin kifi.
• lin.
• Amur irin kifi.
• Siberian char.
• Amur catfish.
• Siberian Chipper.
• burbot.
• makãmashi, Rota.
• 27 jinsunan shirokolobok.
• golomyanka.
• sculpin.

Get saba da wasu cikakkun bayanai.

whitefish

Wannan lake sanyi-ruwa kifi cewa spawns da kuma na zaune a cikin lake. The yawan mutane, an wakilta lake da kuma kogin da lake siffofin, da ciwon da matsayi na subspecies. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin yawan gill rakers, perforated Sikeli located in kaikaice line. Kifi Baikal lake whitefish fom yana da ashirin da biyar zuwa talatin da biyar gill rakers. Wadannan kifaye ayan spawn a cikin lake.

SIG-humpback whitefish - kogi form ciwon muhimmanci kasa stamens, matsakaicin ashirin da hudu. kifi a cikin lake, kazalika da ta aikin gandu ne ƙofar, ta ciyarwa a rayuwa a cikin m hijirarsa. Yawanci spawns a koguna, 250 km daga bakinsa, da kuma ciyarwa a cikin tafkin ruwa. A bambanci zuwa ga dangi na lake ne quite low kuma m-kasancẽwa jiki ma'auni.

Whitefish yada kusan duk kan lake, amma most taro da aka gani a Barguzin da Chivyrkuisky Bay, a kan Selenga m ruwa da kuma a cikin Kananan Sea. Sau da yawa, shi ya auku a cikin pre-estuarine yankin na gudãna da Upper Angara Kichera. Whitefish fi son m ruwa tare da m gona. Wakilai na lake-kogin siffofin rayuwa ashirin zurfin mita. A cikin hunturu da suka sauka zuwa zurfin 150 m, da kuma bazara da kuma bazara - 40-50 mita.

A talakawan nauyi na biyar samfurori ne 500 grams, bakwai-cig Tã rabin kilogram, kuma ta shekaru 15 da nauyin da kifi iya isa 5 kg. Masunta da'awar cewa su iya kama whitefish yin la'akari fiye da 10 kg. Whitefish - mai muhimmanci da Baikal kifi, wanda kifi, bisa ga masana kimiyya, shi ne a yanzu wajibi ne don yanke, musamman a lokacin spawning. Don ƙara da yawan dole ne wucin gadi kiwo tare da wajabta soya rearing. Wannan tsari daukan la'akari muhalli fasali na duk matakai na raya kasa.

omul

Baikal omul kifi da aka gabatar a biyar daga alƙarya da lake:

• ambassadorial.
• Selenga.
• Chivyrkui.
• Arewa Baikal.
• Barguzin.

Ko kafin kai lake, za ka sami mafi shahara da kuma dadi whitefish Wakilin - Arewa Baikal. Yana za a iya gani a duk kantuna a biranen, jirgin kasa tashoshin, a kananan kauyuka. A kan hanyar da yan unguwa zai bayar da ku bushe da Salted omul, da kuma lokacin da ka samu zuwa tafkin za ka iya ganin sabo-kama Arctic cisco.

Baikal Omul - kifi na ga HALITTAR whitefish, kifi iyali. A sau daya babbar da kuma hugely m mazauni na Lake Baikal, a yau muhimmanci rage a cikin size, da kuma, da rashin alheri, shi ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. A tsawon jikinsa yanzu bai wuce hamsin santimita kuma weighs uku kilo.

A mafi mashahuri a cikin yawon bude ido, ga wannan al'amarin, da kuma yan unguwa ji dadin - cisco kyafaffen. Yana da gaske ne mai gaskiya ne matuqar wahala qwarai, ba kawai a cikin kasar amma kuma kasashen waje. Wannan m Baikal kifi, nama wanda yana da matukar musamman dandano cewa ba za a iya rikita batun tare da sauran. Yana da matukar taushi da kuma m. Tare da dama shirye-shiryen da ta bayyana sabon abu dandano ga wanda da shi da kuma godiya. Mafi yawa daga cikin masu yawon shakatawa na karo na farko dandana wannan kamala, jayayya da cewa babu wani abu mafi dadi sun bai ci a rayuwata.

matakan tsaro

Wannan Baikal kifi saboda ma m garkuwa da cika fuska rage yawan jama'a. A cikin shekaru hamsin da shekaru an kama game da dubu arba'in quintals kifi. A saboda wannan dalili, musamman shirin for kamawa whitefish da aka ɓullo da kuma soma a shekara ta 1982, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a lissafta da reserves, kazalika da inganta hanyoyin da m filaye. A cikin 'yan shekaru, suna ƙara resorting to incubate cisco. Muna fatan cewa godiya ga wannan tsaro aiki Baikal kifi hotuna wanda ka iya gani a kasa, za a kiyaye, da yawan za su ƙara.

Grayling

Baikal Grayling White ne mai subspecies na Siberian Grayling. A Lake Baikal, wannan kifi zaune kusan a kan tudu, yana fi na kowa a cikin gabashin, inda zurfin bai wuce talatin mita. Domin spawning umber fi son shallows yashi da tsakuwa da kuma kasa ko Rolls. Spawning fara a cikin marigayi Afrilu kuma yana har tsakiyar watan Mayu. A wannan lokaci, ruwan zafin jiki jeri daga 7.5 zuwa +14,6 ° C.

A lokacin da ma'abota lokaci, Grayling canji launi: namiji jiki zama duhu launin toka, tare da wani ƙarfe Sheen launi. Kuma a kan pelvic fins, dorsal filafilin kifi bayyana a kan jan-ja aibobi. A babba gefen dorsal filafilin kifi da aka yi wa ado da wani duhu ja kan iyaka. Kwai ci gaban irin wannan yana game kwana goma sha bakwai.

sturgeon

Shi ne mafi tsufa kuma da babbar kifi a cikin Baikal Kamchatka. A farko bayanai game da shi za a iya samu a cikin rahotanni Nikolaya Spafariya da Avvakum, wanda ya ziyarci m lake a farkon XVII karni. A babbar dama sturgeon a shi nuna I. G. Gmelin (1751), a lokacin da ya bayyana tafiya ta hanyar Siberia. I. G. Georgi - da aka sani halittu-Explorer - a cikin marigayi XVII karni, aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, a cikin bayanin kula sturgeon da cewa na zaune a cikin tafkin, kazalika da kama kifi wannan kifi a cikin kogin Selenga.

Domin shekaru masu yawa ya yi karatu Baikal sturgeon A. G. Egorov. Ya yi wani babban aiki a kan nazarin estuaries, bays, ta kwatanta ta size, rarraba, ilmin halitta da kuma kamun kifi a fagage daban-daban na lake. Shahararren Rasha marubuci V. P. Astafev kira shi "Sarkin-kifi".

Sturgeon - kadai wakilin cartilaginous kifi a cikin lake. Its launi jeri daga haske launin ruwan kasa zuwa duhu launin ruwan kasa, ciki ko da yaushe da yawa m. Tare da dukan jiki ne layuka biyar na musamman kashi zhuchek, da kuma tsakanin su - kananan kashi faranti da ciwon daban-daban siffar. Caudal filafilin kifi, mafi daidai, ta babba lobe da yawa fiye da kasa.

Inda kowa sturgeon?

Mafi na kowa sturgeon a yankin Neja Delta na kogin Selenga, a cikin bays na Lake Baikal. Ya zaune a zurfin up zuwa hamsin mita. A kaka, a lokacin tsananin iska, shi zai iya zuwa zurfin 150 mita. Winters a bakin manyan koguna a cikin rami. A cikin shekara da kifi ke tsiro zuwa wani talakawan of 5-7 cm. A adult kai mita ko fiye a tsawon kuma weighs 100 kg. Baikal sturgeon aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi na Rasha da kuma Buryatia, kamar yadda wani jinsin, shi ne rare.

sors kifi

Domin babban da kananan koguna a cikin tafkin "zo" ne sananne a Siberia kifi: perch kuma Pike, ides da Dace, roach da kuma irin kifi, duk da haka, mai zurfi Baikal bai yarda ba, domin akwai wani zurfin, da sauran abinci, wani daban-daban zazzabi. Wadannan kifaye su kan saba a litters - a kan m bays na Lake Baikal, da kuma teku kifi da kuma Lenka fadi a cikin tafkin a kan manyan aikin gandu na Lake Baikal, kuma suka za a iya samu a estuaries.

The mazaunan sabo ruwa zurfin

Game da ashirin shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, kifi cottoid fara shiga a cikin kogi, kokarin daidaita da ruwa tare rayuwa. Tare da kõguna da suka samu a cikin lake. A farko da suka zauna a cikin m ruwa, sa'an nan - zurfin ruwa, kuma ruwan shafi. Yau a cikin koguna da tabkuna na Eurasia, ciki har da tsibirin na Japan, zaune 14 jinsunan cottoid kifi a cikin lake kuma daga abin da akwai 33 jinsunan.

Mafi yawan (84%) cottoid kifi rayuwa a kasa na Lake Baikal. Sau da yawa, sun kawai "zauna" ba a kan ƙasa. Za su ma iya shãfe hannunsa, sai kawai a cikin wannan hali suna "tsalle" zuwa arba'in - tamanin santimita kuma daskare sake, faduwa a kasa.

Wasu jinsunan kasa kifi fi son su yi ta tono a cikin yashi, ko laka, sabõda haka, kawai zagaye idanu za a iya gani a sama a kasa. Sau da yawa wadannan kifaye da ake samu a karkashin kankara (su sukan haka ya kira sculpin), a ramuka, a crevices. A 1977, masu bincike daga kimiyya submarine "Pisces-aji zurfin submergence abin hawa", gani a zurfin 800 m ja sculpin. Ta haƙa rami a silt, wanda karba, ya sa a gaba ne kawai da kai da kuma kai hari, ya shiga jirgin ruwa da ta mashigi, crustaceans, amphipods.

launi

Baikal kifi kama a zurfin ruwa, ne mafi bambancin launi. Coastal jinsunan, ayan da wani m ko launin toka-kore Sikeli, da kuma a tarnaƙi na jiki ne a fili bayyane duhu aibobi. Lokaci-lokaci akwai kifi, fentin a wani sabon abu Emerald kore launi. Tare da kara zurfin karkashin ruwa halittun saka launi canje-canje daga ja zuwa launin toka ratsi, ruwan hoda, lu'u-lu'u launin toka, ruwan kasa, orange.

golomyanka

A duk da ban sha'awa fasali na cottoid kifi, mafi musamman na su ya gane golomyankas. Wannan shi ne mafi girma yawan jama'a a cikin lake. Its total biomass ne kusan sau biyu, duk sauran kifin da rayuwa a cikin lake. Shi ne fiye da ɗari da dubu hamsin da ton. Shi ne live-hali kifi, wanda ba ya spawn: ta ba ta haifi rayuwa soya.

Lake Baikal ne zuwa gida biyu jinsunan kifaye - babban da kuma kananan. Dukansu biyu suna samu a daban-daban zurfin, saukar zuwa sosai kasa. Golomyanka fãce zooplankton ci da zũriyarsu. Kuma ko da duk wannan, da shekara-shekara girma na wannan kifi ne game da ɗaya da ɗari da dubu hamsin da ton. A wasu kalmomin, a cikin shekara guda, shi updates da yawan jama'a gaba daya.

A golomyanka yiwuwa a shirya masana'antu kamawa domin shi ne yada a tsawon nisa da ita da abinci ga Baikal hatimi da omul. The most mambobi ne na nau'in isa 25 cm a tsawon (mãtan), maza - 15 cm.

LLC "Baikal kifi"

A farkon wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da cewa ga wucin gadi haifuwa na kifi da albarkatun na Lake Baikal, kamfanin da aka kafa a shekara ta 2009. Yana bayar da kiwon kifi bisa Belsky da Burduguzskogo hatcheries.

Ta hanyar da ayyukan wannan kungiya a cikin ruwaye na Irkutsk yankin, da kuma a Lake Baikal, ciki har da, a shekara samar podroschennye toya muhimmanci nau'in kifi kamar Grayling, sturgeon, omul, peled da sauransu.

Tun shekarar 2011, daban-daban tafkunan da kuma Jamhuriyar Buryatia, Trans-Baikal Territory, da Irkutsk yankin fiye da miliyan hudu guda da matasa kifi da aka saki.