Basques - wanda shi ne wannan? Basco m mutane

Basques - a mutane da suka zauna da ake kira Basque Country, located a arewacin Spain da kuma kudu maso yammacin Faransa. Its asalin - daya daga cikin manyan asirai ba kawai ga kasashen Turai amma kuma ga dukan duniya.

Su wane ne Basques? Daga ina suka fito? Idan muka yi la'akari da wadannan batutuwa da kasa matsayi, da Basques - shi ne Spanish da Faransa, saboda sun rayu a Spain da kuma Faransa. Amma me ya sa wannan mutane sun yi magana a kan wannan sabon abu harshe, ba sabanin wani harshe? Ta yaya ne a kan millennia na yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma lalatar Basque wayewa ya kiyaye ta ainihi? Dangi zuwa wani ba kabila ne har yanzu da yawa tambayoyi da cewa masu bincike har yanzu ba zai iya samun amsoshin. Wannan labarin za su yi kokarin magance waɗanda suke sũ Basques, kuma magana game da yadda za mu rayu a yau, wadannan Turai maharan da kuma girman kai.

A etymology na sunan

Don gane da ma'anar kalmar "Basque", kana bukatar ka dubi tarihi. Wannan kalma ta fito ne daga Latin Vasco - don haka ya kira tsoho Vasconi, wanda ya rayu a pre-Roman kuma Roman lokaci a cikin ƙasa inda Spanish Basques suna zaune. Duk da haka, wannan ba kawai mutane da hannu a cikin Farawa. Basque kakanninmu masu Aquitani da kuma, watakila, Cantabria, don haka da cewa yanzu za su iya a lura da gagarumin harshe fragmentation.

asalin

Halitta karatu sun kafa musamman da suka bambanta da mutane kafin mu. Basques - mutanen da wanda jinin shi ne mafi girma a cikin dukan Turawa da rabo daga rhesus-korau (kashi 25) da kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma da jini kasarun adadi game da nau'in D (kashi 55 cikin dari). Akwai sosai kaifi kwayoyin da bambance-bambance tsakanin membobin wannan kabila da kuma sauran al'ummai, musamman a Spain. Saboda haka, wanda zai iya wuya ce cewa Basques - wannan Catalans.

List of versions game da asalin na m mutane ne sosai m. A wani lokaci na tattauna da jarrabawa cewa Basques - shi ne Armenia. Sa'an nan, ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa su - tsoho Georgians wanda daga ƙasa na ba-rana Jojiya ya daga a tarihi mai nisa gudun hijira zuwa cikin Yaren Kasar Larabawa.

Cro-magnon ya cikinmu?

Ya kamata a lura da cewa version cewa Basques an sauko daga Armenia ko Georgians riƙe chances na provability, amma mafi masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa shi ne asalin mutanen kasashen Turai, da aka kai tsaye daga zuriyar mutumin cro-magnon, wani 35 shekara dubu da suka wuce, ya iso Turai ƙasa daga Afirka kuma zauna a can.

Cro-magnon ya yiwuwa bai shiga a cikin wani m hijirarsa na al'umma, saboda archaeologists ba su samu wata shaida magana game da yawan canji a cikin wannan yanki a kowane lokaci, har zuwa na Romawa. Saboda haka dukan mutanen da suke a yau kiran kansu Turawa, idan aka kwatanta da Basques ne kawai yara. Yana da ban mamaki da aka ba da shi?

Eskuara

Gaskiya Basques - waɗanda suka daga haihuwa magana a harshen da ake kira da sunan "eskuara". Wadannan mutane yanzu lissafa game da miliyan daya, wanda fiye da dubu ɗari takwas mutane suna rayuwa a Spain, fiye da dubu dari - a Faransa, da kuma sauran - a Amurka da kuma a Latin America.

Da asiri na eskuara masana ilimin harsuna nemi su shirya na dogon lokaci. Wasu masu bincike hypothesize cewa genetically harshe Basque ibereyskim hade tare da harshe, wanda yanzu tafi. wasu ba su goyi bayan wannan ra'ayin, amma ta wurin gina wani version eskuara a kan tushen da Afro-Asiatic haife zato cewa magabatan da Basques, sun kasance Yahũdãwa. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1900, da duniya ga wani littafi da J. Espanyol, Faransa mazaunin, a cikin abin da ya jãyayya da asalin da m mutane na Spartan mulkin mallaka, yana da Yahudawa asalinsu.

A mutane - da harshen

A lokacin, ina yi kokarin intertwine eskuara da kyau kamar yadda Larabci, sa'an nan - da Japan, ba haka ba da dadewa, akwai hasashe cewa Basque harshen da aka alaka da harsuna na nomadic kabilu suke zaune a Afrika ta Yamma. Duk da haka, duk da shiriritar ba a tabbatar. Kwanan Faransa masana ilimin harsuna gudanar da wani binciken da tabbatar da cewa eskuara ne m harshe da kuma takwas shekara dubu, tun Paleolithic, ɓullo da kansu. Wannan daya-na-a-irin pre-Roman Turai harshe, wanda daga zurfin dubban shekaru ya kai mu lokaci.

hanyar rayuwa

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da Basques - da m mutanen da suka rayu, yafi a cikin ƙasa na kasashen biyu - Spain da kuma Faransa. A Faransa Basque larduna, dukan gidajen ne fari da kuma dauke da katako, abubuwa ja. A gargajiya tsarin dutse an kiyaye kawai a yankunan duwatsu. A general, da Basques ne sosai kula da hadisai. Kuma a cikin birane da kuma a cikin kauyuka suna - matasa da kuma tsohon - wasa pelota, tsara sa gasa, sawa a kawunansu na shahara berets. Wannan kananan al'umma musamman kabilanci ainihi.

A yanayin da Basques

Basques - duk da su ainihi - kama da sauran mazaunan Yaren Kasar Larabawa insatiable penchant ga fun. Duk da haka, tare da wannan su ne ma sosai zafi-zafin. Amma ba a gaisuwa disposition, ko tausaya kada ku hana su daga mai danko patriarchal hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Wannan ya shafi musamman ga Basques, wanda ya zauna nisa daga masana'antu cibiyoyin. The mazaunan dutsen yankunan su ne sosai addini (mafi yawansu - Orthodox Katolika) da kai a secluded rayuwa.

kitchen

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Turai an dauke su da Basque abinci, kuma yana da ba a amfani da nagartaccen girke-girke, amma a gaskiya wannan al'umma don ƙirƙirar jita-jita ga mafi part amfani kawai sabo kayayyakin. Alal misali, lokacin da nunarsa 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu, da Basques ci su. lokacin yanka tumaki, ci nama. Pickling, salting, misãlin - duk wadannan da kuma sauran irin wannan guraben da kalmomin da aka ba su riƙi daga wannan al'umma. Basques fi son yin amfani da Boiled ko steamed abinci, da suka kusan ba ci soyayyen abinci, da kuma ba su yi amfani da kayan yaji. Mafi shahara tasa - cod cikin farin miya da kuma stewed Pike fins. Basques kamar namomin kaza, truffles, shinkafa, abincin teku. Sun yi dukan desserts da kwayoyi, berries, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma madara. Wannan al'umma fitarda cuku da kuma giya.

clothes

Very m duba kayayyaki Basques. Mace kunshi lush blue ko blue skirt da kuma baki takaice jacket ado da yadin da aka saka da m appliques. A mafi m kayan for wannan dress - shi ne dumashi da chintz. Maza kwat da wando ne kunkuntar baki ko ruwan kasa breeches, black safa, da bel na wannan launi, duhu falmaran da jacket na fata, ko m nama tare da m mashiga.

Don sun tsira da samfurori da Basque tufafi Dating daga marigayi tsakiyar zamanai (16th karni). A da alkyabbar da tumaki, da m thread sewn a tarnaƙi, kuma yana da wata cutout ga shugaban.

amo mara sa na tarihi

Kokarin raba ƙasa sanaki da Basques nema a mayar da shida zuwa takwas ƙarni. A lokuta daban-daban, da ƙasashensu located a garesu na Pyrenees, mallakar Ingila, Aquitaine, Spain, Faransa. Kuma kowane lokaci da masu so subjugate gaba daya zuwa "narke" da m mutane. Daga qarshe Basque Mulki ya canza gida cin gashin: for fiye da biyar qarni Basques a Faransa da kuma Spain da matsayi na musamman da kuma gata a haraji, cinikayya, da kuma soja.

Duk da waɗannan kayan abinci dauke a cikin gargajiya code na dokokin, wanda aka fi sani da "fueros". All birane, yankunan karkara, kauyuka, garuruwa da nasu fueros, amma a karshen karni na sha tara, da Basque hukumomin gwamnati da aka soke, masu zaman kansu fueros halakar da kuma yankunan da aka kunshe a cikin Spanish jihar da kuma zama wani ɓangare na administrative da kuma tsarin shari'a a Spain.

Daga wannan lokaci akwai unquenchable, m, m da sadaukarwa da sha'awar zama mai raba Basque jihar.

Freedom-auna da kuma girman kai

Bayan kawar a 1937 na Basque cin gashin akwai wani yunkuri na mutane domin kasa kai-shiba. A hamsin na karni na ashirin, da kungiyar 'yan ta'adda "Euskadi Ta Askatasuna" (- WANNAN fassara "Gida da kuma Freedom", domin takaice) da aka kafa. Domin shekaru hamsin, tare da kai hare-hare da za'ayi da ya mutu cikin 800 rãyukansu ba.

Kwanan wannan, wadannan da Irish extremists, ya sanar da karewa na 'yan ta'adda aiki. Amma ga yadda dogon? Bayan duk, da kasafin kudin na Basque tsõro kunshi fiye da dozin Euro miliyan ... Hakika, ina son fatan kuma yi imani da cewa mai kyau. Ko da Basques, ko wadanda suka rayu a cikin m da al'ummomi, gaji zuwa da wani suna irrepressible, m da jini a suke siffantawa na mutane. A gaskiya ma, ba su son ...