Bayyana da kuma voiceless baƙaƙe

Human magana kunshi wani sa na m sautuna. Cikin biyu main kungiyoyin - baƙaƙe da wasula - sun kasu bisa ga ka'ida da sanarwa akan abinda. Baƙi sauti - Waɗannan su ne sauti, da pronunciation wadda stream na iska exhaled ta huhu, ya gana a kan ta hanyar yiwu cikas a cikin bakinka - shi zai iya zama wani harshe da hakora, da palate da lebe. Wannan bayyana zargin baƙaƙe. Wasu baƙaƙe nunawa, unsa da vocal igiya, da sauransu - ba. Saboda haka, a cikin Rasha harshen suke da daraja bayyana da kuma voiceless baƙaƙe. Idan wani baƙi ne kafa kawai da amo, shi zai zama m. Kuma idan a cikin samuwar suna da hannu a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri kamar yadda amo da murya, wannan baƙi ne ake kira bayyana. Mun iya lura da bambanci a wani biyu daga "bayyana da kuma voiceless baƙaƙe," idan hannunsa zuwa ga makogwaro. Idan muka kira bayyana baƙaƙe, ji wani yi rawa, da vibration na vocal igiyoyinsu. Tun lokacin da ya miƙa jijiyoyin, da iska exhaled ta huhu, sa su su oscillate, sakamakon motsi. Kuma idan ka bayyana wani thud, sa'an nan da jijiya zai kasance a cikin wani shiru, babu danniya, me ya sa, da kuma kafa wani irin amo. Bugu da kari, idan bayyana baƙaƙe ake furta, mu magana gabobin fuskanci dan kadan kasa ƙarfin lantarki fiye da pronunciation na unvoiced sautuna.

Wasu baƙaƙe - bayyana da kuma unvoiced - samar da abin da ake kira biyu. Wadannan sautuna kira nau'i-nau'i daga bayyana da kuma unvoiced baƙaƙe. Domin maximally sauƙaƙe haddar baƙaƙe kurãme, yi amfani da wani musamman jumlar-dabara (mulkin yatsa): "Stepan, Fiii so kabeji miya?" Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi dukkan voiceless baƙaƙe.

A wani bangare na sauti ba ware a kan manufa na bayyana da kuma voiceless baƙaƙe. Wadannan sun hada da:

[L] [m] [n] [p], [d] [l '], [m'], [N '], [p'] - sonorous

[N] [x], [w '] [h] [x'] - kurame

Bugu da ƙari, da wadannan sauti [w] [h] [u], [x] an kira abin raini, da kuma [pi] [m] [n] [l] - sonorous. Su ne kusa da wasali sauti da kuma syllables iya nunawa.

A farko jere kunshi baƙaƙe, da ake kira sonorous, wanda fassara daga Girkanci matsayin "m." Wannan ne murya ne Marinjãyi a sha'anin ilimi a kan amo. Kuma na biyu jere na baƙaƙe, a akasin haka, akwai amo dominance.

Daya daga cikin ka'idojin na zamani Rasha orthoepy (imin sautin harshe sashe, wanda aka nazarin norms na adabi pronunciation) ne cewa bayyana baƙaƙe dauki siffar da kurame da makafi suna idan aka kwatanta da yadda ya kira yayin da yake magana. Bayyana baƙaƙe (sai sonorants) furta kamar yadda a kan makãho ƙarshen kalma, ko nan da nan kafin wani thud: code - to [m]. A voiceless baƙaƙe zama wata ãyã daga sonority, idan sun kasance a gaban bayyana baƙi sauti da kuma fara vocalize: sussukar [molod'ba] wuce - [s] ba. Kamar kafin wani baƙi [a], kuma kafin sonorous kurma ba ya zama bayyana.

Bayyana da kuma voiceless baƙaƙe, da muka haifar da wasu matsaloli a cikin rubuce-rubuce. A daidai da manufa na morphological haruffan harshen mu ko dai mai ban mamaki ko voicing ba za a iya bayyana a rubuce. Saboda haka, domin gwajin guda biyu bayyana ko unvoiced baƙaƙe, a tsaye a tsakiyar wata kalma ko a karshen kafin wani baƙi, shi wajibi ne a zabi irin wannan cognates ko gyara da kalmar a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa bayan da baƙi ya da wani wasali: lo [w] ka - cokali, GRA [m] - ƙanƙara Losha [t] ka - dawakai.