Bolshezemelskaya tundra: halitta fasali

Bolshezemelskaya tundra ne m (1.5 th. ^Km2) ƙasa nestled tsakanin iyakacin duniya Ural da waɗansu kõguna Pechora da Usoy m da Barents teku. Land nasa ne da Nenets cin gashin kanta Okrug da Komi Jamhuriyar. Shi ne mai kauri gefen sanyi teku, permafrost da sparse Flora da fauna, wanda aka kafa a lokacin da kankara shekaru, a lokacin da glaciers kai iyakoki na kudancin kiwo na zamani Rasha. A hankali, da sauyin yanayi ya zama warmer, amma wuraren da gleiser zauna dogon lokaci, har yanzu riƙe burbushi na gabansa.

A labarin da ya gaya game da abin da Bolshezemelskaya tundra. Halitta halaye da kuma tattalin arziki al'amurran da ci gaban yankin za su iya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, a da shi.

taimako siffofin

A ƙasa ne m bayyana tsarin, wanda tsayinsa yafi ne 100-150 m, wani lokacin kai 250 m, a cikin hanyar ridges moraine. Su wakiltar yanki jiki kafa glacial adibas. Ciki tsarin - sosai iri-irin detrital abu. Yana hada duka biyu da gigantic tubalan na dutse har zuwa 'yan ɗari mita, da kuma lãka, kafa a sakamakon nika tarkace a lokacin da motsi gleiser. A hankali dab a farfajiya na ƙasar ya bar su ke ciki. Iko moraine ridges kafa musamman inda kankara kauri ne a kalla, ko a gefen icing. Bolshezemelskaya tundra ketare duwatsu biyu - yana da Earth kunya da kuma kunya Chernysheva. Na biyu miƙa kusan 300 km up ga iyakacin duniya Urals. Tsayinsa - to 205 m, da farfajiya yana da wani tudu-kamar tsarin, abun da ke ciki - farar ƙasa, kuma sandstone. Ciyayi a cikin kudancin aukaka - shi ne mai deciduous da spruce taiga.

permafrost

Bolshezemelskaya tundra - shi ne yafi permafrost (permafrost), wanda aka halin babu thawing lokaci. A gaskiya, wannan ɓangare na surface ɓawon burodi, wanda na dogon lokaci (daga kamar wata dubban shekaru kafin) yana zazzabi of 0 ° C, kankara ruwa tebur gabatar. Tana da zurfi wani lokacin kai har zuwa 1000 m. Hakika, wannan al'amari da aka nuna a cikin yanayin kasa a yankin. A cikinsu a karkashin yanayi na shafe tsawon ko dindindin sanyi ya wuce a jam'i na musamman matakai. Sama da surface da daskararre Layer iya tara humus Layer, da kuma karkashin mataki na low zazzabi gudana cryogenic structuring kasa.

A kasa na yankin

Description Bolshezemelskaya tundra a Turanci da cikakken bayani dalla-dalla saduwa da hadaddun cibiyar sadarwa. Duk da haka, akwai mai yawa bayanai game da irin wannan yankuna da permafrost a arewacin Alaska, Antarctica, Canada, Turai da kuma ko da Asia. A general, mafi hankula ga irin wannan a Locality ko unstructured gley kasa da hankula blue-m ko m launi. Za a iya samu a bayyana peat fadama iri ƙasa, peat gado amma bai isa a kula - 10-15 cm Jari mafi ta adadin ne ba zai yiwu ba saboda da takaice da kuma sanyi rani yanayi a wanda ciyayi ne sosai matalauta .. Known Malozemelskaya, Bolshezemelskaya tundra. Duk da haka, to dame waɗannan yankuna biyu ba. A cikin farko idan muna anfani da wani arziki Flora da fauna. A ƙasa sanaki da 'yan asalin arewacin jama'a, da kuma Rasha, da kuma shi ne mafi kyau ga rayuwa.

sauyin yanayi

Yanayin damina ga Territory na tundra ne musamman matsananci. Winter yana fiye da wata shida, tare da adana snow daga Oktoba zuwa watan Yuni. The dogon hunturu watanni wuce ba tare da rana, sanyi mai yiwuwa ne ma a lokacin rani. A talakawan Yuli zafin jiki na +8 ... + 12 ° C. Kullum da tsananin iska ta busa daga Arctic, da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ƙaho kashe daga filayen a Shefela da kuma kafa zurfin drifts. Shekara-shekara hazo aka sa a kusa da 250 mm zuwa 450 mm da kuma arewa zuwa kudu.

Kuma duk da haka, a cikin bazara, kamar yadda dukan duniya, Bolshezemelskaya tundra tana farkawa a canza kama zuwa arewacin kyakkyawa. Na kan tuddai da gangaren snow melts. Babban factor da damar don tsira a irin wannan yanayi - haske. The dogon iyakacin duniya rana, sa'ad da rana ta faɗi for makonni bayan da sararin sama, da inganta harkokin ci gaban da ƙyar ciyayi.

Flora

A ƙasa da dama a cikin tundra zone, subzone gansakuka-shrub tundra kuma jera - gandun daji tundra. A karshen auku sporadically a kudancin yankunan, floodplains, wanda shiga fir da kananan-Leaved jinsunan.

All tundra shuke-shuke suna halin da talauci ɓullo da tushen tsarin, wanda aka rarraba a cikin m surface Layer. Wannan bayani da permafrost. Danshi ne fiye da isa, amma don samun ta shuke-shuke iya ba saboda sanyi. Daga itacen jinsunan fi na kowa Dwarf Birch da Willow. Amma su tsawo haka kananan cewa shuke-shuke wani lokacin ba za a iya gani a cikin ciyawa.

Flowering tsire-tsire Bolshezemelskaya tundra a cikin bazara lokaci - a spectacle na m kyakkyawa. Sabõda m yanki ne sāke da kuma cika da haske launuka, wanda suke da kishi na warmer yankuna. Shekara-shekara shuke-shuke ba su da lokaci domin kakar ta samar da tsaba, don haka da Flora aka wakilta Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana: .. Shin uwar-da-uwar rana, gentian, cyanosis, auduga ciyawa, duniya flower, buttercup, eritrichium, Castile Vorkuta, da dai sauransu A kara arewa, da squat shuke-shuke - ya fara lichens mulki, wanda a cikin tundra, akwai fiye da 100 jinsunan.

fauna

A fauna Bolshezemelskaya tundra ma quite iyaka. Dangantaka za a iya gano wannan: sanyi sauyin yanayi ya takaita ciyayi da kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, da abinci tushe. Real sarki ƙasa za a iya kira reindeer. Wannan shi ne babban hoofed dabbobi masu shayarwa yana da dukan zama dole siffofin ga wani opportunistic rayuwa a cikin Far Arewa. Halitta yawan ne a hankali kẽwayesu da kiwo a gida na shanu. Reindeer ya kasance kullum, ya zauna, don 'yan asalin mutane ba makawa mataimaki.

Da yara suna wakilta yafi by Wolves da bears (ruwan kasa da fari), Wolverine, trot, Foxes Arctic Foxes. Popular mai yawa na wadannan wurare hares da lemmings. A tundra tsuntsaye kusan hunturu, amma in spring ta rayu tare da isowa daga tsuntsãye. Wannan gulls, geese, Turuhana, snipe, sandpipers, loons, kazalika da mafi m nau'in karkashin kariya, - Swans, ungulu, ja-throated mai nutsa, crane, peregrine shaho, da sauransu.

Daya daga cikin manyan barazana ga yanayin kasa - gwagwarmayar mai Bolshezemelskaya tundra, tare da lalata da na halitta habitats, canje-canje a topography.

Tundra da mutane

A duban farko shi iya ze cewa rayuwa a cikin tundra for Bolshezemelskaya mutum ne kawai zai yiwu ba. Duk da haka, akwai wani wuri a gare shi a can. Ci gaban da yankin ya fara a karni na ashirin, farkon wanda taswirar wadannan wurare sosai sau da yawa dazzled da fari aibobi. A halin yanzu, akwai uku ƙauyuka: Khorey Vere, Karatayka, Haruta. Population matsugunai kananan, amma qara muhimmanci tare da zuwan kakar na farauta da kama kifi a lokacin rani. Transport ba ci gaba. Don samun da ƙauyuka mai yiwuwa ne kawai da helikofta, tarakta hanyoyi gama su tare da hakowa tashoshin.

ma'adanai

A samu daga man fetur da kuma iskar gas filayen - shi ne mai alamar damar ci gaba da yankin Bolshezemelskaya tundra. A cewar 'yan bayanai, da girma na ajiyar ketare na Timan-Pechora man fetur da kuma iskar gas lardin aka mayar da hankali a wannan yanki. Ga wani bangare ne na ci tasa. Na bayar da muhimmanci ne bincike masanin kimiyya G. A. Chernova, da wanda baki yana yiwuwa ga ci gaba da kuma nan gaba.

Duk da tsananin daga cikin wuraren Bolshezemelskaya tundra - wani m yanayin kasa, don haka ya mamaye ta musamman da kuma ban mamaki duniya ya kamata sosai a hankali, tunanin ta hanyar kowane tafi da nasa sakamakon.