Boris Rauschenbach: biography da kuma hoto

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Rasha da kuma duniya-sanannen masanin kimiyya, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa astronautics a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Da yake ina da likita, makaniki, ya ba iyakance kawai ga wannan specialization. Boris V. ciki kimiyya ayyukansu a fagen art tarihi, tarihi da addini, kazalika da aikin jaridar aiki saboda mutane da yawa zamani abubuwan da yi tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa a duk faɗin duniya. Ya aka manajan da motsi na Rasha Jamus domin Tarurrukan kasa.

Tarihin rayuwa da kimiyya

Boris Rauschenbach aka haife shi a Petrograd (yanzu St. Petersburg) Janairu 18, 1905 a cikin iyali na Rasha Jamusawa.

Bayan makarantar sakandare, saurayin samu aiki a wani jirgin sama ma'aikata a Birnin Leningrad. A ƙayyadaddu na shuka taka rawar gani a masa abin rekõdinsa: a shekara ta 1932, ya zama dalibi a Birnin Leningrad, Institute of Civil Engineers rundunar fara samun shiga a cikin gliding. Craze ya haddasa wani idon sani da Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, da kuma a nan gaba, da kuma yin hadin gwiwa tare da shi a cikin roka da kuma sarari masana'antu na Soviet kimiyya.

A 1937, Rauschenbach mayar da su cikin babban birnin kasar da aiki a wata tawagar roka Research Institute, jagorancin Sergei Korolev. Saboda haka Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, wani photo da sunan wanda baya zauna a taboo na dogon lokaci ga jama'a, ya tashi a cikin sahu na cikin wadanda suka kafa na Soviet sarari shirin.

Next ya aiki, a wata tsaron shuka a Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg yau), wanda aka kwashe roka Research Institute a watan Nuwamba 1941 (RNII).

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1942, Rauschenbach aka kama shi kuma aika zuwa wani sansanin kawai ga cewa ya kasance Jamus. A cikin aiki sansanin, Boris V. ya ci gaba da aiki a kan abin da ya ƙunsa anti-aircraft bawo, lissafin da ta jirgin. An lura a san jirgin sama zanen Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. Godiya ga shi, a cikin shekarar 1945 Rauschenbach aka canjawa wuri zuwa Nizhny Tagil a matsayi na musamman mazauni.

A shekara ta 1948, tare da sabon shugaban RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach samun Nii-1 na ma'aikatar sufurin jiragen sama Industry shugaban sashen.

A shekarar 1955, Rauschenbach wuce zuwa Sergeyu Korolevu, inda duniya na farko ya fara nazarin fuskantarwa da kuma motsi a cikin sarari motocin.

Rauschenbach iyali da kuma ta asalin

Kamar yadda ya gaya Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iyalinsa bayyana a Rasha a cikin XVIII karni. A 1766, Empress Catherine II shirya wani gangamin resettle da Jamus a Rasha. Godiya ga wannan manufar, kuma akwai magabacin na masanin kimiyyar Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach tare da matarsa a cikin Volga yankin.

The mahaifin na masanin kimiyya, Victor Ya (sunan tsakiya zo daga sunan kakansa Yakubu), ya mai da 'yan qasar na Volga yankin, da yankin, wanda a lokacin kafa mallaka ga German natsuwa. Ilimi a Jamus, sa'an nan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fasaha manajan wani tannery "Skorokhod".

Bisa ga memoirs na Boris Viktorovich, mahaifinsa kuwa sosai irin da gãfara da mutum. Da yaron ya girma, Victor Ya karfi da ya kawo shi a gabar girman kai ga German asalin. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya yi shi daidai.

Rauschenbach uwa, Leontine Fridrihovna (Rasha style - F.) Gallico aka haife shi a Estonia (Saaremaa), asalin - Baltic Jamus. San hudu harsuna - Rasha, Jamus, Faransa da kuma Istoniyanci, wanda kara da gudummawar da ta da aikin yi a Rasha a cikin wani m iyali bonnoy. Bayan aurenta ta zama uwargida.

Tsohuwarsa sosai m amma m malami, ko da yake da yanayi - gaisuwa, mai kuzari da kuma na gaisuwa mutum. Ita ce ta shuka a cikin yara (Boris ta 'yar'uwarsa Karin Elena) da ikon kada su rasa ruhu a wuya yau da kullum yanayi da cewa ya taimaka musu a nan gaba. Boris Rauschenbach, wanda biography yana cike da irin wannan yanayi na iya decently rayuwa your m rayuwa.

Boris Rauschenbach shekara goma sha biyar hana ubansa, ya mutu yana da shekaru sittin da shekaru daga zuciya rashin cin nasara.

Da uwarsa mutu bayan da yaki. Asarar uwa Boris samu wuya shaidar cewa - 'yar'uwarsa wasika, wanda shi ya rike.

Personal rai

Su ƙaddara, Vera Mikhailovna, Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah hadu a Moscow, inda ya koma a 1937, a matsayin Shipbuilding da Maritime masana'antu a Birnin Leningrad, ya kasance ba su da sha'awar. A wannan lokaci da kasar da aka mirgina kalaman na kama da Rauschenbach, a Jamus iya sauƙi zama a sansanonin. Wadannan dalilai sun tura matasa masanin kimiyya su matsa zuwa babban birnin kasar, inda babu wanda ya san shi.

Ba da da ewa Boris a cikin Apartment inda ya zauna tare da abokansa, sun zauna a Woman Vera. Vera M. aka haife shi a Kramatorsk (Ukraine). Na zo zuwa Moscow don yin karatu. Har wani barci ta rayu tare da kawunsa, wanda aka gudanar da wani babban matsayi. Duk da haka, a kan May 19, da aka kama da kuma sa'an nan kuma harbe da kuma Woman fitar. Saboda haka Vera ya a cikin Apartment inda ya rayu Rauschenbach.

The matasa aure kafin yaki, 24 May 1941. Bisa ga memoirs na Rauschenbach, su rajista daidaito da aka bayyana a cikin "12 kujeru" by Ilf da Petrov. Yana da aka fun ... su ba za su rabu da wannan lokaci, ko da lokacin da Boris V. kasance a cikin wani aiki sansanin (matarsa sau da yawa ziyarci).

Ya yi tunani Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, na sirri rai ya ɓullo da nasarar, duk da rayuwa ta woes. Suna da ban mamaki da yara da jikoki. Ga wasu shi ne abin mamaki bane cewa don haka shekaru masu yawa ya Vera M. - kadai mata.

A hanya a cikin sarari

A matsayin masanin kimiyya, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich tabbatar da kansa har yanzu a Birnin Leningrad, ya jirgin sama factory lambar nan 23, inda ya shiga a cikin shiri da kuma gwaji na glider. Aiki ya gudummawar da rubuce-rubuce na farko kimiyya takardunku, jigo na wanda shi ne a tsaye zaman lafiyar na tailless jirgin sama. A wannan batu na Boris Rauschenbach tsunduma a RNII Sarauniya, amma yanzu wannan aikin mallakar cruise makamai masu linzami.

A 1938, aikin da aka soke saboda kama da Sarauniya, da kuma Rauschenbach refocused jet injuna, ka'idar konewa.

Gulag ba wata matsala ba ga wani masanin kimiyyar: a sansanin shi yana aiki a kan abin da ya ƙunsa anti-aircraft bawo, cewa a nan gaba taimake shi, ka fita daga sansanin, don zama na musamman baƙi da su ci gaba da aiki domin RNII.

A shekara ta 1948, godiya ga sabon shugaban harsashi Research Institute Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach koma zuwa Moscow, inda SRI-1 aka tsunduma ramjet engine, wato konewa vibration da kuma Ft Irfan vibrations a irin wannan engine.

A shekarar 1955, Boris V. tafi aiki ga Sarauniya, inda ya a matsayin masanin kimiyya yana da wata dama ta musamman - a karon farko a duniya don gudanar da wani aiki alaka da fuskantarwa, da motsi na motocin a sarari. Daga bisani, godiya ga aikinsa harbi gefe na Moon da Soviet kumbon sama jannati "Luna-3" da aka gudanar. A shekarar 1960, da bashi Rauschenbach aka bayar da Lenin Prize.

A shekarar 1958, Boris V. kare doctoral sabawa rubuce-rubucensu (PhD kare a 1948).

Kasa da shekaru goma ga masana kimiyya gane interplanetary tashar jirgin hali kula da tsarin "Venus", "Mars", "bincike" kumbon sama jannati a cikin atomatik kuma manual yanayin.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, wanda biography an alakantashi da halittu, kuma ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin shirye-shiryen da kuma aiwatar da jirgin na farko cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

A shekarar 1966, Boris V. zabe mai m memba na Academy of Sciences (AS) da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma shekaru ashirin da daga baya ya zama cikakken memba na Academy of Sciences.

Iconography da Rauschenbach

Kamar yadda wani masanin kimiyya raha ya ce ba ya iya magance da kimiyya theme, idan an riga aiki a kan fiye da dozin wasu masana kimiyya. Kuma shi ne a layi daya da aikin a kan sarari ya fara zama sha'awar duk da cewa shi ne fraught tare da wani sabon abu, duk da haka unexplored, kamar art, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, sha'awar ga tarihi wanda bayyana a matsayin yaro, ya ƙaunace su yi tafiya mai yawa, musamman a birane da wani tsoho tarihi. A hankali amma sosai a cikin kimiyya sha'awa fara bayyana cikin gumaka. Gaskiyar cewa ya rude da hanyar canja wuri na sarari a gare su, da ake kira "baya hangen zaman", illogical da kuma saba wa dokoki na san daukar hoto.

Interest a baya hangen zaman ya kuma alakanta tare da bayani daga matsaloli Tashar sarrafa na'urori a sarari.

Masana kimiyya suka fara gudanar da bincike a wannan sabon abu. Duk da haka, ya dauki la'akari da aikin da ido, da kwakwalwa. Don yin wannan dole ne ya sanya a ilmin lissafi bayanin kwakwalwa aiki. A sakamakon haka, Rauschenbach zo ga ƙarshe cewa duk wadannan m gumaka ne na halitta da kuma makawa.

Ya yi tunani Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography ne daban-daban gaskiya fiye da yake gani mutumin a sakamakon wasu ido na'urar. A sakamakon haka, da icon da ke sa mu yi imani da cewa duniya shi ne ainihin fi kyau, kuma mafi alhẽri.

Rauschenbach ya gamsu da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a gane gumaka, ba da sanin tauhidin. Kuma ya fara karatu tauhidin, ko wani abu da aka rubuta a cikin wannan filin, musamman Triniti ( "The dabaru na Triniti").

A hanya zuwa Orthodoxy

Boris Rauschenbach a baftisma a 1915 da aka rubuta a mahaifinsa addini - Reform. Wannan bangaskiya na waɗansu a lokacin game da 20% na Rasha Jamusawa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Reformers, da bambanci ga Lutherans ba su gane gumaka, ba su yi amfani da alamar gicciye. Amma daga baya umurnin Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I kuma Nicholas I, Reform kuma Lutherans an garwaya a cikin daya coci, da kuma Boris ya tafi tare da shi da uwarsa a cikin Lutheran coci, ko da yake birnin ya kuma wani Reform coci. Duk da haka, domin ba a sani ba dalilai Rauschenbach ba zama memba na Reform coci, amma girmama ta, ta image kiyaye.

Craving domin addini Boris V. ji bayan zangon. Ya fara halartar wani Orthodox coci, ya ɗauki dacewa adabi, ya fara bi sabis a cikin coci, amma an yi masa baftisma kawai jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa.

Rauschenbach tuno da cewa nasara aiki daga su tsarin a lokacin kaddamar da kumbon sama jannati na gaba ko da yaushe ya tashi, ya sanya alamar gicciye.

A lokacin liyafar cikin Kremlin a kan lokaci na da ƙaddamar da farko kumbon sama jannati Boris V. shi ne kawai daya gabatar da wani mutumin da ya zo gayyatar wakilan da Orthodox Church, wanda, ba shakka, bai shige zuwa cikin taron log.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, littattafai da articles wanda suke tartsatsi, bai raba a su data kasance tsarin na fahimtar duniya - addini da kuma kimiyya. Ya yi imani da cewa akwai wani kira na su.

A shekarar 1987, a mujallar "kwaminis" Academician Rauschenbach buga wata kasida sadaukar da 1000th tunawa da Baftisma na Rus. A da shi da masanin kimiyyar ishãra zuwa muhimmancin wannan taron domin Rasha jihar. Agusta "gurguzu" dakin da aka take sayar fita, ko a kiosk na CPSU.

A 'yan shekarun baya zo da wani aiki na Academician - "The dabaru na Triniti." A labarin da ya sa a wasu dauki, da amo mara sa a daga wanda aka ji ya zuwa yanzu.

Rauschenbach na Triniti

Boris Rauschenbach na Triniti ya da kansa hukunci da ya bada a cikin littafinsa "The dabaru na Triniti." A cewar shi, da coci a koyarwarsa ba daidai daidai yanke shawara ƙalubalantar shi mai fuskantar - da magana daga Allah, kuma a lokaci guda a matsayin triad da monad.

The masanin kimiyya ya nuna cewa yanzu lissafi na da ka'idodin bangaskiyar Orthodox kama wani tashi daga aqidar, saboda an ce cewa kowane mutum cikin Triniti - Allah. A wannan da aka ce game da salla.

Boris Rauschenbach, "The dabaru na Triniti," wanda shi ne wani yunkurin fahimtar tattaunawa Florensky da E. N. Trubetskogo na Trinity daga Allah, zuwa ga wannan daga mahangar kimiyya. Ya kamata a lura cewa masanin kimiyya a Soviet ikon zama sha'awar tauhidin batutuwa, duk da rinjaye a cikin wadanda shekaru na m basu yarda.

Yana da sha'awa a, shi ne zai yiwu to kai tsaye dauki manufar aqidar da aka ba da Uba Florensky, amma ɗaura su zuwa wasu ma'ana model. Idan wannan shi ne ba zai yiwu, to da mutum zai yi imani da Allah, ba a data kasance Wauta, ko da yake ba ba tare da wasu dabaru.

Abin mamaki, Rauschenbach samu a ilmin lissafi model bayyana dabaru na alama ce ta bangaskiya, ta Tirnity akidarsu. Wannan tsari ya tabbatar da zama a vector da kuma ta uku aka gyara a cikin uku-girma tsara tsarin.

Matsalar da aka warware: rukunan na Triniti (Trinity) ya fit m dabaru. Wannan taron za a iya kwatanta su da fashewa da bam. Hakika, da "dabaru na Triniti" shi ne na asali ba, amma shi ba ya kawo ƙarshen da sanin Allah, tun a jigon da sanin Allah shi ne iyaka.

A jama'a na kasar su

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, littattafai, articles wanda aka sau da yawa imbued tare da damuwa ga makomar kasar su da kuma duniya, ba zai iya kai ga lura da abin da ke faruwa a kusa da shi. A halin yanzu talauci na Rasha mutane, talauci, kimiyya sa shi zafi da fushi a ciki. Bai iya gane da rashin kudi daga jihar da kudade na ilimi, kimiyya, yayin da a kasar akwai wani blatant enrichment na wani category na mutane.

Gaidar ta "buga far" to Boris Viktorovich, mafi girma sana'a kimiyya, fasaha, tattalin arziki, da kuma ya zama wani misali na rashin kwarewa a kasar ta jagoranci. Rauschenbach yi imani da cewa Rasha dole ne neman hanyar fita daga rushewar, minimally mai raɗaɗi ga Russia.

"Ciki tunani" Rauschenbach

A karshe labarin "ciki tunani" Boris Rauschenbach nuna a kan gaba na dukan 'yan adam, bayyana kansa ba kawai a matsayin dan kasa na Rasha, amma kuma duk' yan ƙasa na duniya duniya.

The sosai suna daga cikin labarin ta ce game da yanayin wadannan tunani. Yana Rauschenbach raba mas'ala ta dimokuradiyya daga mulkin demokra chatter cewa Marinjãyi a duniya a yau. Kuma ba ya yin wani togiya ga Rasha.

Marubucin fa, tã da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa dukan manyan laifuffukan da aka aikata a karkashin mulkin demokra taken, da mulkin demokra] windbags sukan ba gane da maganar banza da cewa suna wakiltar bukatun mutane nĩsantarwa daga ikon.

A ta aiki, da Academician da shawarar koma gargajiya dan'adam, wato, iyali, al'umma. Ya yi imanin cewa, ayyukan da mutane ya kamata zama ya fi su 'yancin. Rauschenbach yi imani da cewa kawai wannan hanyar ne zai ceci 'yan Adam daga hallaka. A wasu ba a ba. Bugu da kari, da masanin kimiyyar ya yi imanin cewa babu wata gwamnati na duniya, wanda manufofin za su zama da tauri, amma sosai sana'a.

Domin baya karni, bisa ga Rauschenbach, Adam ya motsi a gaban shugabanci, remaking kansa da kuma yanayi. Kuma, da rashin alheri, akwai 'yan kaxan mutane da suka iya bude idanun mutãne da kura-kuran da suka gabata da kuma yanzu, suka yi ba tukuna gani karshen.

ƙarshe

Boris Rauschenbach mutu Maris 27, 2001. Kabarinsa ne a cikin Novodevichy hurumi.

Ya mutu masanin kimiyya a rana Theodore Icon na Uwar Allah. The jana'izar sabis da aka gudanar a St. Nicholas Kuznetsky Haikali. Wannan ya nufin fice Soviet da kuma Rasha masanin kimiyya.

Ta hanyar shi, 'yan adam ya rasa daya daga cikin' yan baiwa, magadansa na duniya duniya.

Tamanin da masanin kimiyyar ta bayar da gudunmawar kimiyya da al'adu na Rasha ce masa lakabi da lambobin yabo. Rauschenbach ne mai aiki memba na uku da kwalejojin (Academy of Sciences, International Academy of Astronautics da Space Academy. Tsiolkovsky). Ya aka bayar da Lenin da Demidov Prize, kuma Hero of Socialist Labor. Dubawa Research Council "History of World Culture" RAS.