Bryology - ne da kimiyya da abin da? A etymology na lokaci da kuma samuwar koyarwar

Bryology - da kimiyya na mosses (bryophytes). Fassara daga Girkanci "Brion" - "gansakuka", "tambura" - "koyarwa", don haka a zahiri translation - "rukunan na gansakuka." Bryology - a gwada matasa reshe na kimiyya, wanda shi ne daya daga o. Masana kimiyya da hannu a cikin binciken na mosses, kira bryology.

Subject al'amari bryology

Duk wani kimiyya rukunan presupposes nazarin batun. Tun bryology - da kimiyya na bryophytes, batun ta nazari ne na farko nau'in na wannan iyali na shuke-shuke, kazalika da ilimin Halittar Jiki, morphological, biochemical, kwayoyin, muhalli, Gwargwadon, physiological, su fasali, bryology, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, bincika yiwuwar yin amfani da mosses a kiwon lafiya, iyali dalilai.

rarrabuwa na mosses

Bisa ga database, harhada kamar yadda na 2010, a cikin yanayi akwai fiye da 15,000 jinsunan, fiye da 1 dubu zamaninsu da kuma fiye da 150 iyalan mosses. Shekaru da dama a baya, a cikin sashe na o kira "bryology" (kimiyya a matsayin - aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin) duk tsire-tsire ne bryophytes, masana kimiyya dauke a matsayin guda taxon daraja Mosses sashen.

Kimiyya ba tsaya har yanzu, saboda haka akwai uku kungiyoyin na mosses gano a cikin wadannan sassan yau:
1. hornwort.
2. mossy.
3. Hanta.

Samuwar kimiyya

Domin da farko lokacin da nazarin mosses yi a tsakiyar karni na 19th. Bryology kanta (da kimiyya na bryophytes) yana dauke da wani matashi horo cewa ya fito a lokacin da shi ya zama zai yiwu a yi amfani da dabara a cikin binciken na microscopic tsarin matsakaici-sized shuke-shuke jere a size daga 3 zuwa 50 mm. An bayyani na tsarin da kuma tsarin na gina gansakuka tsunduma I. Hedwig (Switzerland), C. kuma B. Bridel Shimper (Jamus), D. Hooker (UK), W. Mitten (USA). A alfijir na karni na 20th Finnish masanin kimiyya V. F. Broterus ya da rarrabuwa na bryophytes (da bryology - da kimiyya na su), wanda na dogon lokaci da aka dauke da babban, amma daga baya aka modified dan kadan saboda yiwuwar ciki har da kwayoyin da karatu.

A Rasha, shi ya fara nazarin mosses a tsakiyar karni na 19th: da Kasa Society, wanda ya hada da geographer E. K. Gofman da kuma masana kimiyyar F. I. Rupreht kuma M. E. Tsikkendrat, aka aika zuwa arewa na Urals, da balaguro ya iya koyon wasu bryophytes kuma ko da karba herbarium, lambobi ɗari da goma da jinsunan. A karni daga baya, wani Rasha botanist A. G. Shrenk a cikin lokaci daga 1948 zuwa 1955, na farko balaguro da aka a arewacin Rasha, inda ya yi karatu rayayye bryophytes (bryology - da kimiyya na bryophytes). The masanin kimiyya gudanar ya gano 25 jinsunan shuke-shuke, mafi yawa leafy irin.

Development of kimiyya tunani a lokacin

A halin yanzu, da kaya na bryophytes ba a gama ba. A cewar wasu rahotanni, akwai mutane kimanin 22 zuwa 27 dubu jinsunan bryophytes. Har yanzu talauci karatu da masana kimiyya ne bryology-wurare masu zafi latitudes da kuma kudancin yammancin duniya.

The most herbarium na bryophytes a Rasha kafa a cikin kimiyya cibiyoyin na Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kirovsk (Murmansk yankin), Vladivostok, Irkutsk.