"Bulava" (roka) halaye. Intercontinental ballistic harsashi "Bulava"

"Mace" - yana daya daga cikin sabuwar aukuwa na cikin gida da roka. Har yanzu ake gwada domin wannan dukiya. Wasu daga cikin su gaza, wanda ya sa da yawa daga zargi daga masana. Yana da hadari a ce cewa "Bulava" - wani roka, wanda halaye ne da gaske musamman, kuma daidai da abin da za ka koya a cikin wannan labarin. Yana da daraja biya da hankali ga gaskiya cewa m-man fetur ballistic harsashi tsara don saukar nukiliya submarines ( "Shark" type).

Tarihi na halitta

"Bulava" yanke shawarar a cikin ni'imar da ci gaban a ballistic harsashi a 1998. A wannan lokacin, da post na Rasha Federation Navy ya Vladimir Kuroyedov, wanda ci gaba da kayan aiki na "Haushi" dabarun nufi. A hadaddun da aka shirya kawai 70%, kuma ta gwaje-gwaje sun kasance m. Bayan haka, Rasha Federation Majalisar yanke shawarar canza wurin ci gaban da sabuwar intercontinental ballistic harsashi Metropolitan Institute of Technology thermal, duk da cewa da karshen ne gaba daya ba ya nan daga gwaninta na samar da irin wadannan makamai. A cikin watan Yuni 2009, ta gudanar da zamanta na farko gwajin "Bulava" makami mai linzami, wanda ya tabbatar da nasara. Bayan da cewa, an yanke shawarar kaddamar da serial samar da mafi balagagge sassa da majalisai. Saboda haka, nan da karshen shekarar 2012, Anatoly Serdyukov ce cewa data linzami shiga sabis Rasha sojojin a watan Oktoba na 2012. Kamar yadda na Janairu 2014, an sanya game da 46 roka, game da 14 na wanda aka kaddamar a lokacin gwajin.

gudana gwaji

A ranar, da oda da aka za'ayi 20 gwaje-gwaje, kawai 55% sun yi nasara. A farko ƙaddamar da makami mai linzami "Bulava" (nauyi da kuma size layout) da aka za'ayi 23 ga watan Satumba, 2004. Na biyu, wanda za a iya kira na farko gaskiya, aka yi Satumba 25, 2005. Sa'an nan intercontinental makami mai linzami "Bulava" ya samu nasarar cimma manufarta da kuma buga shi. The uku jefa daga kura idon matsayi da makamashin nukiliya submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" da aka za'ayi a watan Oktoba 2005. Manufa kan Kura gwaji iyaka a kan Kamchatka Larabawa, nasarar buga. More daga cikin wadannan gwaje-gwaje sun kasance wanda ba a gama ba. A engine ƙi karshe ruwa roka mataki, shi ya karkata daga hanya, kuma fadi, kawai banal kai-destructed. The kawai kyau labarai ne cewa da ya dace karshe kuma modified wasu aka gyara an sanya a cikin shakka daga m gwaji. A sakamakon haka, 9 na karshe 10 gwaje-gwaje sun kasance nasara, kuma shi ne mai matukar kyau sakamakon. Yanzu bari mu dubi wani ban sha'awa aya.

Da makami mai linzami "Bulava": Features

Wannan hadadden alfahari da wadannan siffofin:

• Radius - 8000 kilomita.
• Weight (Starter) - 36,8 tons.
• Jefa (resettable) nauyi - 1150 Sar.
• Length / diamita daga cikin jefa garwa - 12.1 / 2.1 mita.
• A diamita mataki na farko - 2.0 mita.

Da makami mai linzami "Bulava", da halaye na wanda za ka yi kawai koya, yana da uku, saukarwa. Biyu m-kafa na farko, da kuma na karshe - ruwa. mataki na farko engine nauyi ne game da 18,5 ton da tsawon 3.6 mita. A mataki na biyu na data ba a bayyana ranar. Kafin farkon 2014 an ba su san yadda za su yi da na uku mataki. Yau, za mu iya amincewa ce da shi ne ruwa. Wannan shi ne zama dole domin tabbatar da iyakar maneuvering abubuwa a karshe matakai na jirgin. Wannan makami mai linzami a cikin abun da ke ciki zai iya kawo game da 10 nukiliya raka'a, wanda kowannensu yana da controllable. Shi ne kusan duk data, wanda an san kwanan wata.

Recent canje-canje a cikin hadaddun

Yana da aka koya cewa a cikin hadaddun zai zama na musamman tsarin shawo kan makami mai linzami tsaron gida. Amma zai zama ga tsarin ya ba tukuna bayyana. Zai yiwu shi zai zama ƙarya manufa, ko da wani musamman shafi cewa sa naúrar ganuwa zuwa radar. Wannan top-m data cewa ba za a bayyana. Dabam, 'yan kalmomi dole ne a ce cewa makami mai linzami "Bulava", da halaye na da muka riga muka tattauna, an da ɗan sabunta hanyoyin a karshe' yan shekaru na ci gaba. A musamman, da manufa da aka canza waddan nukiliya raka'a. Idan baya roka fitarwa naúrar kan manufa, sa'an nan Sake saitin (warwatse) su, yanzu yin amfani da manufa da "gungu na inabõbi", ko "makaranta bas" - US terminology. Tun da "Topol-M" da "Bulava" ɓullo da a wannan tushen (Moscow Cibiyar Thermal Technology), da kuma daidaito na farko hadaddun ne quite manyan, za mu iya ce da tabbacin game da high dace da intercontinental ballistic harsashi "Bulava". Amma, tun da akwai daban-daban versions - "Bulava-30", "Bulava-M", yana da wuya a ce wani abu game da daidaito da kuma sauran halaye na wata guda hadaddun.

A kudi na "Bulava" makami mai linzami

Ballistic makami mai linzami kusan duk lokacin da ya gudu ne unmanageable. Jirgin lantarki ƙunshi shirin cewa kayyade gudu da kuma yanayin da jirgin ne har yanzu a cikin aiki zamani. Bayan da engine ke a kashe, da makami mai linzami motsa a kan wani ballistic yanayin da ba sarrafawa daga waje. Za mu iya cewa gudun a ballistic harsashi matsakaici da kuma gajeren zango ne kusan m. Amma tun muna da ake rubutu da wani intercontinental ballistic harsashi, a cikin wannan yanayin, da kudi ne dan kadan mafi girma da kuma shi ne game da 5-6 kilomita awa. M data ba za a iya mai suna, domin suna ba su sani ba kwanan wata. Duk da haka, zamu iya cewa a lokacin gwajin da aka lura da cewa roka 14 minutes tashi 5500 kilomita. Daga wannan za mu iya yin sauki Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa wani biyu makami mai linzami tashi game da 6-7 kilomita. Za mu iya cewa gudun da makami mai linzami "Bulava" quite m, duk da haka, bisa ga yawa rahotanni, da Amurka, irin gidaje da ɗan sauri.

bit na zargi

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, saboda low yawan nasara gwaje-gwaje na wani ballistic harsashi "Bulava" sha wahala da yawa zargi, ba kawai daga cikin gida da malamai. Saboda haka, jama'ar {asar Amirka ce cewa wannan hadadden ne kusan xari bisa dari ne kama da cewa na wani roka "Poseidon-C3". Duk da haka, da karshen ya riga ya janye daga sabis a matsayin m. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa babu yana da kawai biyu m-man fetur tsarin, da kuma matsakaicin zango ne kawai biyar da rabi kilomita dubu. Ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa masana sun ce da aka canza ruwa teku-tushen da makamai masu linzami ga irin takwarorinsu a matsayin "Bulava" Za kawai rage da yiwuwar nukiliya deterrence. Amma, bisa ga Sulemanu (Chief Designer), Munã rage ta dangi saboda da ƙara rayuwa makamai masu linzami.

Wasu kima gwaje-gwaje

Kwararru da yawa sau da yawa soki hadaddun. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da ƙaddamar da "Bulava" makami mai linzami a 45% na lokuta da aka m. Ko da yake shi ne quite rigima bayanai, kamar yadda da dama gwaje-gwaje sun kasance partially nasara, ko da yake yana da wani deflection. Bugu da ƙari, kamar 90% na m gabatar da aka sanya mafi in aiki ci gaba. Amma lokacin da makami mai linzami da aka ɓullo da, cewa na 10 yana farawa daya kawai tabbatar da m. Wadannan alkaluma sun nuna kawai kishiyar - cewa a ballistic harsashi "Bulava" musamman abin dogara, saboda haka yin magana. Yuri Solomonov sanya wani comment game da manyan yawan kasawa a lokacin gwaji. Ya ce cewa ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko hasashen. Gaskiyar cewa duk matakai manyan zuwa da kin amincewa, hawa a tsaga biyu. Kuma zuwa ga bayyana su yanayi MIT da ya gudanar da dama, tsada da gwaje-gwaje, abin da kyakkyawan jagoranci wani m Trend.

A kadan game da siffofin na hadaddun

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani dan kadan mafi girma intercontinental ballistic harsashi "Bulava" ne musamman a cikin irin. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayi na fama da makamai masu linzami iya withstanding wuta Laser bindigogi. Abin lura shi ne cewa da gangare na farko ba ka damar fara zuwa "tashi", watau lokacin tuki a nukiliya submarine. Wannan zai kara da sassauci daga cikin hadaddun matsayin dukan. Ba zato ba tsammani, ya kamata a lura da cewa bayan jerin m gwaji Sulemanu ya yi murabus a matsayin babban darektan na MIT, amma a lokaci guda ya janar zanen na hadaddun. Kuma yanzu bari mu magana game da cewa, a kan abin da ya tarar intercontinental ballistic harsashi "Bulava" Za a yi amfani

masauki hadaddun

Tun da yake wannan an halitta a matsayin wata roka jirgin makami mai linzami hadaddun, shi ne ma'ana to zaton cewa babba wuri na masauki - nukiliya submarines. Dabarun submarine Cruisers inganta "Shark" aikin, misali, "Dmitry Donskoy" da "Arkhangelsk", riga a cikin arsenal wannan hadaddun. Ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin wannan labarin, akwai hotuna, inda hadaddun zai fara daga gasar Premier a lokacin dubi kyawawan m, "Bulava" (photo). Da makami mai linzami da aka ma shigar a kan abubuwa na "Boreas". Daga gare su, "Yury Dolgoruky", "Alexander Nevsky" da sauransu. By karshen shekarar 2020 an shirya zuwa gina game 8 submarines, 3 daga waxanda suke a kan aikin "Shark" da kuma 5 - don "Boreas". A kowane eyeliner ne 16 makami mai linzami "Bulava".

ƙarshe

Saboda haka mu duba tare da ku da key fasali na "Bulava" hadaddun (photo), da makami mai linzami kamar yadda za ka iya gani, shi ya dubi sosai da ban sha'awa, da kuma 'yan gwaje-gwaje bayar da shawarar da babban yadda ya dace. Duk da haka, da manufa sunan shi ne quite wuya. Amma a nan shi ne karfafa da damar da Rasha submarine ta iya. Bugu da kari, da rage karfin da hadaddun ne saboda ya karu daidaito. Mutane da yawa sukar bai la'akari da dagewa da roka a kwatanta da analogues. Resistance zuwa tareda žata abubuwan buga kusan wata muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin da hali na tashin.