Bundestags - menene wannan?

Bundestags - a majalisar dokokin kasar na Tarayyar Jamus (Deutscher Bundestags), a unicameral gwamnatin jiki wakiltar moriyar dukkan Jamus mutane. Yana da aka halitta a matsayin magaji zuwa da Reichstag karkashin dokar ta 1949, kuma tun 1999 aka located a Berlin. A halin yanzu da Jamusanci majalisar dokokin kasar da aka karkashin jagorancin Kirista Democrat Norbert Lammert, a zaben tun Oktoba 18, 2005. Yana Bundestags Yana zãɓen Tarayya Chancellor, wanda shi ne shugaban da gwamnatin kasar Jamus.

ayyuka

A ta siyasa tsarin Jamus ne mai majalisar jumhuriya a cikin abin da Bundestags - shi ne mafi muhimmanci dalĩli:

• A hadin gwiwa tare da Bundesrat, ya ke tsunduma a majalisu ayyuka, masu tasowa, da kuma shan a matakin tarayya, daban-daban dokokin da gyara ga kundin tsarin mulki. Yana kuma ratifies yarjejeniyarsu kuma dauko tarayya kasafin kudin.
• Bundestags hidima a matsayin legitimizing na sauran hukumomi, ciki har da zaben da dan takarar da post na Tarayya Chancellor, kuma an ma hannu a cikin zaben na Tarayyar shugaban kasar da kuma mahukunta.
• Lura da ayyukan da gwamnatin, wanda aka zamar masa dole ya bayar da rahoton zuwa gare shi, da kuma iko da motsi na da sojoji a kasar.

location sāke wuri

Bayan da sauyin da Jamus, da Bundestags mayar da su cikin Reichstag gini, gina a cikin marigayi XIX karni da kuma gyara ta da m Norman Foster. Daga shekarar 1949 zuwa 1999, tarurruka da aka gudanar a Bundeskhauze (Bonn).

Da gine-gine suna located in ofisoshin na ga majalisar, gina kusa da juna a garesu daga cikin kogin spree da Jamus da ake kira Bulus-lobe-Haus da Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus a cikin girmamawa biyu rarrabe yan majalisa Democrats.

zaben

Zaben da Jamusanci majalisar yawanci aka gudanar a kowace shekara hudu, sai dai a lokuta da farkon rushe.

Bundestags - a majalisar dokokin kasar, zaben da wanda ake da za'ayi a kan matasan tsarin, wato, da wakilai, an zaba a daidai rabbai a kan jam'iyyar lists kuma a guda-umarni majoritarian mazabu a guda zagaye. A Bundestags aka hada da 598 wakilai, daga abin da 299 aka zaba ta hanyar kada kuri'a a mazabu. Umurci samu ta hanyar da 'yan takara daga jam'iyyun a sakamakon kai tsaye zaben (da rinjaye gundumomi), kawo karshen sama a cikin jerin wakilai, daga jam'iyyar, lasafta karkashin gwargwado zaben tsarin.

A zaben da Jamusanci majalisar rinjaye kashi ne ba da hannu a rarraba kujerun tsakanin jam'iyyun, sai dai idan daya daga cikin jam'iyyun a kan uninominal tsarin sami karin 'yan majalisar dokokin fiye da shi, dã sun samu kan daya kawai jam'iyyar jerin tsarin. A irin haka ne, jam'iyyar na iya samun wani adadin ƙarin umurci (Überhangmandate). Alal misali, 17th Bundestags, wanda ya fara aiki Oktoba 28, 2009, ya kunshi 622 members, 24 daga cikinsu ne kambun da ƙarin umurci.

rushe majalisar dokokin kasar

Tarayya Shugaba (Bundespräsident) na da hakkin ya soke da Bundestags a biyu lokuta:

1. Idan nan da nan bayan da taro domin yin sujada, da kuma a yanayin saukan mutuwa ko murabus, da Chancellor na tarayyar Jamus, da Bundestags ba zai iya zaben sabon kansila na kuri'u mafiya rinjaye (Mataki na ashirin 63, sakin layi na 4, na da doka ta asali na Jamus).
2. Bisa ga Chancellor na shawara, idan Bundestags rungumi dabi'ar wani mummunan yanke shawara a kan batun na dõgara, ya sa shi a wani kuri'ar Chancellor (Mataki na ashirin 68, sakin layi na 1). Irin wannan halin da ake ciki ta taso a shekara ta 1972, a lokacin da Chancellor Willy Willy Brandt da kuma shugaban kasar Gustav Heinemann, kuma a shekarar 1982, a lokacin da Chancellor Helmut Kohl ya, da kuma shugaban kasar Karl Carstens. A lokuta biyu, da sakamakon zaben shi ne Chancellor ki amince, bayan da sabon zabe dole ne a gudanar. Fabrairu 16, 1983, da kotun tsarin birkice yanke shawarar ki amince.

Murabus daga Gerhard Schröder

Mayu 22, 2005, bayan da shan kashi na jam'iyyar a yankin zaben a Arewa Rhine-Westphalia, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder bayyana niyyarsa ta zabe a kan batun na dõgara, ba shugaban kasa "da dukan ikon zama dole don shawo kan halin yanzu rikicin halin da ake ciki."

Kamar yadda za a iya sa ran, da Jamus Bundestags, Gerhard Schröder ya ki amince da (tare da 151 kuri'un da 296 kuri'u kaurace 148 kuri'u). Wadannan wannan Chancellor yi wani m takarda ga rushe Bundestags a kan Tarayya Shugaba Horst Köhler sunan. Yuli 21, 2005, shugaban ya bayar da umurnin soke majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma kiran wani zaben kwanan zuwa Satumba 18, na farko Lahadi bayan da makaranta holidays, kuma na karshe Lahadi ba tare da tafiyarsu daga ikon yinsa, ta kafa tsarin mulki tsawon kwanaki 60. 23 da kuma 25 Agusta, kotun tsarin ƙaryata roko yi ta uku kananan jam'iyyun, kazalika da wakilai, daga SPD Helen Hoffman da Werner Schulz daga "Green" jam'iyyar.

A tsarin da Jamusanci Bundestags

Bundestags - shi ne jiki, mafi muhimmanci daga waxanda suke da tsarin raka'a na kwantar da tarzoma kungiyoyin, wanda ake kira ƙungiyõyin. Majalisar kungiyoyin an shirya aikin da majalisar dokoki. Alal misali, sun shirya aikin da kwamitocin, gabatar da takardar kudi, gyara, da dai sauransu

Kõwace ƙungiya kunshi wani shugaban (Fraktionsvorsitzender), da dama mataimakan shugaban da presidium, wanda ya gana da mako-mako. A lokacin da muhawara, da kuma bisa ga al'ada dauke kalla m jam'iyyar horo a rumfunan zaɓen (Fraktionsdiziplin). A Jamus majalisar dokokin kasar ne na ƙwarai da cewa a zaben a shi mafi yawa ana yi a kan wani alama da shugaban majalisar dokokin bangaren.

A abun da ke ciki na Bundestags kuma ya hada da majalisar dattawan (Ältestenrat) da kuma ofishin. Majalisar kunshi fadar Shugaban kasa da 23 dattawan (shugabannin majalisar kungiyoyin). An kullum amfani da tattaunawar tsakanin jam'iyyun, musamman a kan shugabancin majalisar kwamitoci da ajanda. Game da fadar shugaban kasa, shi ya hada akalla da shugabannin da kuma mataimakin-Shugabannin kõwace ƙungiya.

Kowace daya yayi dace da ma'aikatar majalisar kwamitin (a halin yanzu suke yawan ne 21). Janar shiriya na samar da shugaban Bundestags, yanzu ne yake riƙe wannan post, Norbert Lammert.