Chelyabinsk: lambar da halaye na mazauna

Chelyabinsk ne zuciyar Eurasia. Wannan gari na masana'antu san sau da yawa. Yanzu, watakila, ba a cikin lokaci mafi kyau ba, amma yana da ban sha'awa ga mutanensa da tarihinsa. Za mu gaya muku yawan mutanen da ke Chelyabinsk, abin da ke da kyau game da waɗannan mutane da kuma birnin.

Tarihin yin sulhu

Chelyabinsk yana cigaba da bunkasa tarihinta tun 1736, lokacin da aka gina sansani a kan shafin yanar gizon Bashkir don kare hanyar daga Trans-Ural zuwa Orenburg. A hankali, sansanin soja ya zama babban sansanin soja, Cibiyar Cossacks za ta zauna a nan, wanda ke taka rawa cikin rayuwar ƙasar. Musamman ma, a yakin 1812, Chelyabinsk Cossacks ya nuna girman kai. A cikin karni na 19th birni yana rayuwa mai zaman lafiya. Wannan ya ci gaba har sai an gano min din zinariya a kusa da birnin. Wannan jawo haƙi "hakar gwal", da kuma sa a babban birni rafi na sabon mazauna.

A hankali, Chelyabinsk, wanda ƙarfinsa yake girma, yana zama babban cibiyar tattalin arziki na yankin. An kafa jirgin kasa a nan, masana'antu da kasuwanni suna buɗe a cikin birnin. Yawan mazauna suna girma cikin sauri. Na biyu irin wannan rikicewar yanayi a cikin rayuwar birnin ya faru a cikin shekaru 40, lokacin da manyan masana'antu masana'antu suka bude a nan. A cikin karni na 50 na karni na 20 an gina gari a hanzari, an bude makarantun ilimi a nan. A ƙarshen zamanin Soviet, Chelyabinsk ya samar da fiye da rabi na dukkanin karfe a kasar, yawancin bututu da kuma hanyoyin da ke cikin hanya. Hakan ya faru ne a lokacin da aka kawo karshen aikin, amma a shekarar 2000 ne halin da ake ciki ya inganta.

Sauyin yanayi da ilmin halayyar halitta

Birnin Chelyabinsk, wanda yawanta muke aunawa, yana cikin yankin na yanayin nahiyar. An halin sanyi da sanyi da zafi. A matsakaita, a cikin hunturu, ma'aunin zafi yana saukewa zuwa digiri 17, kuma a lokacin rani ya tashi zuwa +16. Birnin yana da matsakaicin adadin hazo, kuma yanayin yana da dadi don rayuwa.

Amma ilimin kimiyya a cikin birni ya bar abin da ake bukata. Yawancin masana'antu na masana'antu suna tasiri iska sosai. Halin al'ada na Chelyabinsk shine mai shan taba. Yanayin yanayi ya haifar da mummunar cututtukan cututtuka tsakanin mazauna, kuma rancin rai ya fi guntu fiye da na ƙasa (shekaru 70).

Dynamics na lambar

Kusan daga ainihin tushe Chelyabinsk, wanda yawanta yawan mutanensa ke ƙidayawa, an kai su a kai a kai a kan ƙididdigar 'yan ƙasa. A cikin 1795 akwai mutane 2,6,000. A shekara ta 1882, akwai 'yan kabilar Chelyabinsk dubu 7,7, kuma a cikin shekaru 15 - kimanin dubu 15. A shekara ta 1905 yawan mutanen garin sun ninka, a cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce ya kai 67,3,000. A shekarar 1939, sakamakon masana'antu, birnin ya karu zuwa maza dubu 273. A 1976, Chelyabinsk ya hada da yawan biranen da yawan mutane miliyan. A lokacin lokacin perestroika, yawan mutanen Chelyabinsk ne suka ragu, amma yanayin ya yi sauri. A cikin 1994, Chelyabinsk, wanda yawancin mutanensu suka fara girma kadan, kadan ya kai miliyan 1.15. Wani labari na rage yawan adadin 'yan ƙasa an rubuta tsakanin 2002 zuwa 2007. Kwanan nan, kimanin mutane dubu 10 suna karawa a shekara ta Chelyabinsk. A shekara ta 2016, mazaunan Chelyabinsk miliyan 1,19 suna zaune a cikin birnin.

Alamomi na mutane

Chelyabinsk, wanda yawancin mutanen da yawancin su ne mafi girma a wannan yanki, babbar cibiyar tattalin arziki da masana'antu ta yankin Urals. A nan ga kowane kilomita kilomita akwai kimanin mutane 2.2,000, wanda ya dace da irin waɗannan birane kamar Omsk ko Kazan. Rikicin jima'i a tsakanin mazaunan birnin yana dacewa da dukkanin alamomi na Rasha: 1.1 mace na da alhakin mutum 1. Tun 2011, Chelyabinsk ya shiga yawan biranen inda aka haifa haihuwa (duk da haka ba a yawaita) mace ba. Ana ci gaba da yawan adadin yawan mutanen da ke gudun hijirar, kowace shekara kimanin mutane dubu 2.5 daga wasu yankuna. Duk da haka, yayin da akwai matsala na yawan tsufa, kuma yawan nauyin jama'a a kan mazaunin jiki masu kyau yana da yawa.

Tattalin arziki da aiki na jama'a

Chelyabinsk, wanda masana'antun masana'antu suka samar da zaman lafiya, yanzu suna samar da kashi 60% na zinc na Rasha, 40% na bututun da kuma 6% na kayan da aka yi. Stable aiki na irin waɗannan kamfanoni kamar yadda ƙarfe, tarakta, tsirrai-da-latsa shuke-shuke, da yawa gine-gine shuke-shuke, da yawa aiki da masana'antar sarrafa abinci samar da damar samar da wani babban aiki na jama'a. Babu aikin yi a Chelyabinsk kimanin kashi 2%. A nan akwai ragowar wuraren zama na kwararrun likitoci tare da ilimi mafi girma, amma ga ma'aikatan ma'aikata akwai aiki kullum don zaɓar daga.

Gudanarwa na rarraba birnin da rarraba yawan jama'a

Chelyabinsk, yawancin mutanen da suka bambanta da yawa, an raba su zuwa gundumomi bakwai. Yankin tsofaffi kuma mafi yawancin yankunan tsakiya ne. Daga nan tarihin sulhu ya tafi. An gina shi tare da gine-ginen gine-ginen gini, a nan akwai manyan abubuwa na zamantakewa da zamantakewa na zamantakewa. Wannan ɓangare na birni shine mafi girma, kuma ɗakunan da aka fi dacewa suna da tsada. Ƙananan kamfanoni sun ba da suna ga yankuna biyu na gundumar: Trubozavodsky da gundumomi na Metallurgical. Ginin nan yana da hali kuma ba sabon abu bane. Ƙungiyar Soviet ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a bayan cibiyar. Akwai abubuwa masu kyau a nan, kuma yawancin jama'a yana da yawa.

Yawan mutanen garin Chelyabinsk a cikin gundumomi na gari kamar haka:

• Kalininsky - 222 011.
• Kurchatov - 219,883.
• Leninsky - 190 541.
• Metallurgical -.
• Soviet - 137,884.
• Traktorozavodsky - 182 689.
• Central - 99,884.

Yawancin birane a yau an gina su ne da gine-gine masu girma, Chelyabinsk bai tsira ba. Yawan mutanen da ke cikin gundumomi a yau suna canjawa sosai saboda gabatarwar sabon wuraren. Mafi aikin da aka yi shine a cikin yankunan Kurchatov da Kalinin. A cikin farko sun gina gidaje masu daraja masu daraja, kuma a na biyu - gidaje masu tsada.