Chemical Properties na alkenes (olefins)

Olefins - hydrocarbons da kwayoyin yana daya biyu bond. Wani lokaci ba mahadi kira hydrocarbons ethylene jerin. The biyu bond a cikin kwayoyin da aka saukin gano da na bincike.

Jiki Properties na alkenes

A farko uku mambobi na da homologue jerin daga alkenes - gas. Daga na biyar zuwa sha shida - ruwa, high kwayoyin nauyi alkenes - daskararru. Tare da ƙaruwa da kuma kara da hydrocarbon sarkar tsawon tafasar batu abubuwa. A awon yanayi, wadannan abubuwa za a iya samu a hanyoyi da dama: da dehydrogenation na alkenes da fatattaka man fetur, dehydrogenation na alcohols.

Fatattaka daga man - masana'antu Hanyar samar da unsaturated hydrocarbons. A sakamakon haka, thermal fatattaka mai tsanani zuwa 750 darajõji, da alkane hydrocarbon kwarangwal kakkarye:

S30N62 → S15N30 + S15N32

Dehydrogenation na alkanes. Wannan tsari ne da za'ayi a zazzabi na game da 600 digiri. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, da cikakken hydrocarbon kwayoyin da H kwayoyin halitta ne cleaved ta samar da alkenes, misali: → S5N12 S5N10 + H2.

Dehydration na alcohols. Monohydric alcohols hulda da sulfate acid form alkenes, misali: S4N9ON → C4H8 + H2O.

Chemical Properties na alkenes alaka da kasancewar a cikin su kwayoyin biyu bond. A electron yawa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, a biyu bond ta fi tsakanin C kwayoyin halitta da alaka da guda shaidu. Babban irin dauki, wanda zo alkenes - Accession, tare da wani pi-fashe saboda da samuwar biyu sabon sigma shaidu. Olefins shiga cikin Polymerization dauki, wanda aka kuma tare da tsakiyan nonon na biyu shaidu.

Chemical Properties na alkenes: shiga halides

Olefins readily hašawa da su, to hydrogen halide DNA, fiili monogalogenoproizvodnye (msl S10N20 S10N21S1 → HC1 +). Lokacin da a haɗe zuwa alkenes kafa H2O cikakken monohydric alcohols (S10N20 + H2O → S10N21ON).

kona alkenes

A high yanayin zafi a karkashin O2 olefins suna readily oxidized (ya ƙone) zuwa C02 da H20. Alkenes, hulda da potassium permanganate samar da wata dihydric alcohols (glycols).

Chemical Properties na alkenes: olefin Polymerization

Gabatar hydrocarbons nuna mafi hali ya Polymerization dauki. Yawanci, da polymer - shi ne mai tsawo sarkar da maimaita tsarin raka'a (monomers). Wannan tsari iya qaddamar a hanyoyi da dama, amma a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne sarkar, da kuma dangantaka da wani free m, cationic ko anionic tafiyar matakai.

Chemical Properties na alkenes: cationic Polymerization

Wannan irin dauki aka catalyzed ta acid. Proton shiga olefin, kafa carbocation. Sa'an nan ya bi na karshe cajin a kan pi-sitemu wani sunadarin da kuma siffofin alkene carbocation tare da ƙara sarkar, wanda ke kai hari da wadannan olefin DNA, da dai sauransu. A sakamakon haka, da ejection na wani proton ko wani tsari, da "quenching" cajin carbocation, an bude kewaye faruwa. Lokacin da anionic Polymerization novice anion aka kafa ta nucleophilic hari na anion X- olefin. Lokacin da a haɗe proton sarkar karya. Ya kamata a lura da cewa free-m polymerize mafi unsaturated hydrocarbons. Wannan tsari iya qaddamar H202, Organic peroxides, hydroperoxides, da dai sauransu Open kewaye auku saboda recombination na radicals. A wasu lokuta, don alkene polymers amfani copolymerization dauki. A copolymerization, a polymer hada da sassa daban-daban, alternating a macromolecule a wasu hanya. A dauki samfurin samu copolymer. Jiki da kuma inji kaddarorin da ba mahadi aka ƙaddara da farko ta domin na canzawar na farko raka'a, da kuma irin da adadin da monomers kunshe a cikin polymer sarkar.