Coal ne launin ruwan kasa. Ƙarrawar mur. Coal ajiya ajiya

Yin amfani da murhar ruwan kasa bai sabawa ba tare da kwatanta da ma'aunin dutse, duk da haka ƙananan kuɗin yana haifar da mahimmanci na dumama ta wannan burbushin tsakanin kananan gidaje da masu zaman kansu. A Turai, ana kiran wannan nau'in lignite, ko da yake yana da wuya ya bambanta daga ƙaddamar da kwalba. Game da manufa ta musamman, alal misali, a Jamus an yi amfani dashi don samar da tsire-tsire ta wutar lantarki, yayin da a Girka ƙudirin launin wuta ya ba da izinin samarwa har zuwa 50% na wutar lantarki. Amma kuma wannan abu ba shi da rarrabaccen rarraba kamar nauyin mai, mai mahimmanci a matsayin hanyar mai zaman kanta.

Janar bayani game da lignite

Lignite ne mai yawa dutse-kamar taro na haske launin ruwan kasa ko baki launi. A gwadawa na kusa za ka iya ganin tsarin tsarin vegetative. A cikin tukunyar jirgi, ƙwayar gashi yana konewa da gaggawa, ba da laushi da kuma wariyar ƙanshi. Amma ga abun da ke ciki, an kafa ta da ash, sulfur, carbon, hydrogen da oxygen. Abubuwa masu tsabta sun dace da abubuwan da suke cikin wasu nau'o'in mur.

Game da abun da ke ciki, mafi yawan waɗannan burbushin sunyi magana ne akan humites. Tsarin tsaka-tsakin juyin juya hali da humus impregnations yana faruwa a cikin hanyar interlayers a cikin ajiya na humite. A cikin kwakoki, ƙwayar gashin ruwan ke kunshe ta hanyar micro-components of vitrinite. Ya kamata a lura cewa shafunan da aka gyara a cikin waɗannan ɗakunan sune mafi wuya a lissafta. Ga lissafin thermal yi shi ne shawarar a tuntube da musamman alluna da kuma kwatanta da halaye na irin data tukunyar jirgi kayan aiki.

Asalin asusun ajiya

Mafi yawan adadi ne halayyar Mesuzoic-Cenozoic ajiya. A matsayin banda, ba za a iya rarraba kudaden ƙananan Carboniferous na yankin Basin na Moscow ba. Turai adibas yawanci hade tare da yadudduka Neogene- Paleogenic lokaci, da kuma a nahiyar Asiya da aka mamaye da Jurassic tafki. Rarer burbushin na Cretaceous lokaci. Har ila yau, Rasha ta tanadar da yawancin kayan da aka samu daga jurassic deposits. Babban ɓangaren burbushin ya kasance a zurfin zurfin (10-60 m). Saboda wannan motsi na bude kwalba yana da izini, ko da yake akwai tashoshi masu matsala har zuwa mita 200. An yi amfani da manyan kayan da za'a samar da lignite a matsayin bishiyoyi masu tsauri da bishiyoyi, peat bogs da pylops. Amfanin dashi tare da carbon shine saboda gaskiyar cewa tsarin rikici ya faru a karkashin ruwa kuma ba tare da samun iska ba. Bugu da ƙari, an haɗa gine-gine da yashi da yumɓu, wanda wani mataki na gaba na canji na kayan shafe-shafe ya kasance.

Coal mining

Rasha ita ce ta biyar mafi girma a cikin layi. Kimanin kashi 75 cikin dari na yawan kasusuwan kasusuwan da aka samar da shi don samar da makamashi da makamashi, kuma ana amfani da sauran a cikin masana'antun sunadarai da kuma kayan aiki. Ana fitar da ƙananan rabon. Kayan fasaha na bunkasawa da kuma samar da kayan aiki gaba ɗaya yayi kama da hanyoyi na aiki tare da wasu nau'un kuɗi na carbon. Amma ci hakar ma'adinai ruwan kasa launi yana da abũbuwan amfãni. Tun da irin wannan nau'in ya kasance matashi ne, babban ɓangaren kayan aikin yana fitowa daga fili. Zuwa kwanan wata, wannan hanya ita ce mafi tasiri, mai lafiya da maras kyau. Gaskiya ne, daga ra'ayi na muhalli, wannan ba hanya mafi kyau ta hakar ba, tun lokacin ƙaddamar da gine-gine mai zurfi yana haifar da ƙananan abin da ake kira juji.

Babban adibas

Idan yayi magana game da Rasha, yawancin ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa shine ƙwayar Solton na sassaƙa. Wannan ita ce kadai tushen mur din dake cikin Altai. A cewar masana, wannan filin yana da kimanin ton miliyan 250 na dutse. Har ila yau sanannun kwandon kwalba na Kansk-Achinsk wanda aka sani a cikin yankin na Krasnoyarsk. A lokuta biyu, ana gudanar da hakar ta hanyar amfani da fasahar fasaha. An ba da tabbacin albashi na jinginar a cikin Jamus, wanda shine mafi yawan masu sayar da wannan kwal din a Turai. Yawancin ci gaba mai girma ana gudanar da su a Jamus ta Gabas, inda aka samo basins na tsakiya da Jamus da Lausitsky. A cewar wasu tushe, waɗannan kudadun suna dauke da tons 80. Kamar yadda a Rasha, masu aikin likita na Jamus suna shiryarwa ta hanya ta hanyar hakarwa, suna motsawa daga hanya mai daraja.

Kudin cin gashin ruwan kasa

Ta hanyar halayen kyawawan dabi'u, ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa ya ɓace zuwa karin maganganu na dutse. Bugu da kari, wasu dalilai da dama sun ƙyale mu ƙara dan ƙara ƙin bukatar kayan aiki mara kyau. Daga cikin su, za mu iya lura da farashin launin ruwan kasa. Farashin farashin ya bambanta daga 800 zuwa 1200 rubles. Don 1 ton. Mafi girman zafi na konewa, mafi girman farashin farashi. Don kwatanta, a ton na ci za a iya saya a mafi 2,000 dubu rubles .. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ƙananan gidaje masu tukunyar jirgi da amfani da ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa har yanzu suna hana rarraba ta. Amma masu sayarwa na kayan inganci suna samun abokan ciniki duka a cikin kamfanonin makamashi da a cikin sashi na mutum amfani.

Kammalawa

Ga mai amfani, za'a iya ba da layi a cikin jeri ko siffar da ba a yi ba. A matsayin man fetur na gida, ana amfani dashi da yawa don konewa da wuta, kuma ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci an sanya shi daga bishin bishiyoyi. Saboda rashin kuɗi da kuma rarraba kudaden ajiya mai yawa, ƙwayar gashi ba ta ƙare a cikin jerin kayan man fetur da ake bukata ba. Duk da haka, dangane da ƙarin ƙarin buƙata don ingantaccen makamashi na tsarin dumama da kuma ƙarfafa ka'idojin muhalli, irin waɗannan abubuwa sun zama marasa kyau. A ƙasashe da dama, yin amfani da ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa yana iyakance ne kawai don samar da bukatun, amma misalai daga Rasha da Jamus sun tabbatar da muhimmancin jinsin dangane da amfanin gida.