Dabbobi masu rarrafe - misali. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe

Kowannen mu, ko da yake hotuna, gan kwãɗi, da kadangaru, crocodiles da kwaɗi - wadannan dabbobi kasance a cikin aji na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. A misali ba mu da wani nufin da daya kawai. Wadannan halittu Lalle ne mãsu yawa. Amma a nan da yadda za a gaya wa ne wanda? A daban-daban halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma yadda gagarumin wadannan bambance-bambance?

Kada kuma toad iya daidai yi cu] anya a cikin wannan kandami. Saboda haka, shi ne wata ila cewa zai iya ze kamar yadda idan suna iyali da kuma suna da magabata daya. Amma wannan shi ne wata babbar kuskure. Wadannan dabbobi ciki daban-daban taxonomic azuzuwan. Tsakanin su suna da yawa da muhimman hakkokin bambance-bambance. Kuma su ne ba kawai a cikin bayyanar da size. Kada kuma lizard - mai rarrafe da kafafu da kuma rana da kuma toad - halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

Amma, ba shakka, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma da wasu kamance. Sun fi son yankunan da dumi canjin yanayin. Duk da haka, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa suna zabar damp wurare, mafi kusa da ruwa. Amma wannan da aka shibtarsu da cewa sun haifa kawai a ruwa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ba alaka da ruwa a jikinsu. Su, a akasin haka, fi son karin bushe da zafi yankuna.

Bari mu dubi tsarin da kuma physiological siffofin dabbobi masu rarrafe da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da kuma kwatanta yadda suka bambanta da juna.

Class masu rarrafe (dabbobi masu rarrafe)

Class dabbobi masu rarrafe, ko dabbobi masu rarrafe - wannan ƙasa dabbobi. Yana samu da sunan saboda hanyar da suka motsa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe ba tafi a kan ƙasa, suka ja jiki. Da shi shi ne karo na farko da masu rarrafe ne gaba daya switched daga ruwa zuwa kasa-rai. Magabatan wadannan dabbobi suna yadu yada a fadin ƙasar. An muhimmanci alama na dabbobi masu rarrafe ne ciki hadi da ikon sa qwai, arziki a gina jiki. Suna kare da wani m harsashi, wanda ya hada da alli. Yana da ikon yin kwanciya qwai da gudummawar da ci gaban da dabbobi masu rarrafe daga tafki a kan ƙasar.

A tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe

dabbobi masu rarrafe jiki yana da wani m ilimi - ma'auni. Suna densely rufe da fata na dabbobi masu rarrafe. Yana kāre su daga danshi hasãra. Dabbobi masu rarrafe fata ne ko da yaushe bushe. Danshin faruwa ta hanyar da shi. Saboda haka, macizai da kadangaru ne iya rayuwa a cikin hamada, ba tare da fuskantar rashin jin daɗi.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe numfashi tare da taimakon quite da kyau-ɓullo da huhu. Yana da muhimmanci cewa m numfashi dabbobi masu rarrafe da aka sanya yiwu godiya zuwa fitowan da wani tushen sabon sashen kwarangwal. A thorax ne karo na farko akwai mai rarrafe da kafafu. An kafa ta hakarkarinsa tsawaita daga vertebrae. A cikin ventral gefe su suna da alaka da sternum. Saboda da musamman haƙarƙari tsokoki m. Wannan facilitates fadada daga cikin kirji a lokacin wahayi.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe aji ya canza da kuma wani ɓangare na jijiyoyi. Wannan shi ne saboda da kara wuya daga cikin huhu tsarin. Mafiya yawa na masu rarrafe, uku-jam'iyya zuciya, su, kazalika da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, biyu dabam dabam. Duk da haka, akwai wasu bambance-bambance. Alal misali, wani shãmaki a ventricle. Tare da rage daga cikin zuciya shi ne kusan ya raba shi a cikin biyu halves (dama - venous, bar - jijiya). Location of babban jini mafi fili delineates da jijiya da kuma venous kwarara. A sakamakon - da masu rarrafe jiki aka kawota tare da jini, oxygenated, mafi alhẽri. Kamar haka suka kafa a kan intercellular musayar matakai da kuma fitarwa na rayuwa kayayyakin da carbon dioxide daga jiki. Akwai wani togiya a cikin aji na dabbobi masu rarrafe, misali - a kada. Zuciyarsa yan hudu.

Main manyan jijiyoyi na kananan da manyan wurare dabam dabam fundamentally guda ga duk kungiyoyin na nazarin sasannin vertabrate. Hakika, babu kananan bambanci, kuma har yanzu babu. Dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin huhu wurare dabam dabam bace cutaneous jijiyoyinmu kuma jijiyoyi. Kawai na huhu tasoshin.

A halin yanzu, akwai game da 8 da dubu. Dabbobi masu rarrafe. Suna zaune a kan kowane nahiyar, a Bugu da kari, ba shakka, Antarctica. Rabawa da hudu umarni na dabbobi masu rarrafe: crocodiles, scaly, kunkuru da kuma pervoyaschery.

haifuwa na dabbobi masu rarrafe

Ba kamar kifi da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe waddan ciki. Su iri guda ba. Namiji yana da wani musamman jiki, da wanda ya shiga cikin cloaca na mace maniyyi. Sun shiga cikin kwai, sa'an nan hadi faruwa. A qwai ci gaba a jikin mace. Ta sa'an nan kayansa mãsu su a cikin prearranged wuri, yawanci a Dug rami. Waje da masu rarrafe qwai an rufe tare da wani m alli harsashi. Su ne jam da kuma samar da gina jiki. Daga cikin kwai zo fitar da tsutsa ba na son kifi ko halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da kuma iya zaman kanta rayuwa da mutum. Saboda haka, kiwo da dabbobi masu rarrafe bisa manufa zuwa wani sabon matakin. A tayi shigarsu duk matakai na raya kasa a kwai. Bayan Hatching, shi ba ya dogara ne a kan ruwa jiki da kuma zai iya da kyau tsira a kan nasu. Yawancin lokaci, manya nuna babu damuwa ga 'ya'yansu.

A ajin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ko amphibian - kwado, toads da newts. Su ne, tare da waɗansu 'yan ƙalilan, ko da yaushe rayuwa kusa da wani kandami. Amma akwai jinsunan da cewa rayuwa a cikin hamada, kamar toad-ruwa tukunya. A cikin ruwan sama shi ne samun ruwa a subcutaneous pouches. Ta jiki ne inflated. Sa'an nan kuma ya buries kanta a cikin yashi da kuma sakewa yawa gamsai, shi ne fuskantar mai tsawo fari. A halin yanzu, akwai game da 3.400 jinsunan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Sun kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin - tailed da tailless. Na farko da kungiyar hada salaman kuma newts, to na biyu - kwãɗi, da toads.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne sosai daban-daban daga aji na dabbobi masu rarrafe, misali - tsarin da jiki da kuma zuciya da sauransu tsarin, kazalika da Hanyar haifuwa. Kamar kakanninsu kifi, suka sa su qwai a ruwa. Don yin wannan, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa sukan neman pool, rabu daga cikin manyan jiki na ruwa. Akwai faru da hadi da larval ci gaba. Wannan yana nufin cewa a lokacin da kiwo halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da su koma zuwa ga ruwa. Wannan ƙwarai hana a sake ma su matsugunni da kuma iyaka a motsi. Kawai 'yan jinsuna sun saba da rayuwa tafi kududdufai. Sun haihu to zuriya aka kafa. Shi ya sa wadannan dabbobi suna kira Semi-na cikin ruwa.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - na farko na chordates, wanda ɓullo da wata gabar jiki. Saboda wannan a baya, sun kasance iya shiga ƙasar. Wannan, ba shakka, ya sa da dama daga canje-canje da waɗannan dabbobi ne ba kawai daga ilimin Halittar Jiki amma physiological. Idan aka kwatanta da jinsunan rage a cikin ruwa-ruwa matsakaici a halittar dabba mai kafafuwa mafi m kirji. Wannan ya gudummawar da ci gaba da kuma wuya daga cikin huhu. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kammalã gabobin da ji da gannai.

habitats na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Kamar dabbobi masu rarrafe, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa fi son su rayu a dumi yankuna. Yawanci, da rana samu a damp wurare kusa da ruwa. Amma su za a iya gani da kuma a cikin natsuwa da gandun daji, musamman bayan ruwan sama. Wasu jinsunan bunƙasa har ma a hamadar. Alal misali, a kasar Australia toad. An sosai saba fuskanci wani tsawo fari. A irin wannan yanayi, wasu frogs, haƙĩƙa, dã sun mutu da sauri. Amma ta koya tara m danshi a subcutaneous Aljihuna lokacin damana. Bugu da kari, a cikin wannan lokaci, shi kuma ya mayar da, kwanciya qwai a puddles. Tadpoles ga cikakken hira kawai wata daya. Australian toad a matsananci yanayi ga irinsu, ba kawai sami hanyar haifa, amma kuma ya samu nasarar neman fitar wa kansu rubuta.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin dabbobi masu rarrafe daga halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Ko da yake da farko duba ta bayyana cewa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ba yawa daban-daban daga dabbobi masu rarrafe, da shi ba haka ba ne. A gaskiya, da kamance ne ba sosai. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne kasa ci-gaba da raya gabobin fiye da aji na dabbobi masu rarrafe, misali - amphibian larvae da gills, yayin da masu rarrafe zuriyarsa an haife tare da generated haske. A ãdalci ya kamata a lura da cewa newts, da kwaɗi, kuma kunkuru, kuma ko da wani maciji iya da kyau yi cu] anya a cikin ƙasa na daya tafki. Saboda haka, wasu ba su gani gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin wadannan squads, sau da yawa rikita wanda shi ne wanda. Amma muhimman hakkokin bambance-bambance ba ka damar hada wadannan iri a cikin wannan aji. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ko da yaushe dogara a kan su wurin zama, watau tafki, a mafi yawan lokuta ba za su iya barin. Tun da dabbobi masu rarrafe ne quite daban-daban. A hali na fari suka iya yin takaice tafiya da kuma samun mafi dace wuri.

Wannan shi ne yiwu sun fi mayar saboda gaskiyar cewa fata na dabbobi masu rarrafe da aka rufe da jaraba Sikeli cewa ba da damar danshi zuwa ƙafe. Dabbobi masu rarrafe fata ne bã tãre da gland asirce gamsai, don haka shi ne ko da yaushe bushe. Jikinsu yana kare daga bushewa fita, wanda ya ba su wani jinsin amfani a bushe canjin yanayin. Ga masu rarrafe halin da molting. Alal misali, jikin wani maciji tsiro har abada. Ta fata "sa fita." Sun hana ci gaban, don haka a kowace shekara shi "resets" su. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa tsirara fata. Shi ne mai arziki a cikin gland asirce gamsai. Amma zai iya samun kadan bugun jini a lokacin matsananci zafi amphibian.

Magabatan halittu masu rarrafe kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Magabatan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa sun crossopterygian kifi. Daga su guda biyu ƙege da daga baya kafa biyar-fingered wata gabar jiki. External tsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe nuna cewa kakanninsu da suka dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wannan ne evidenced da biyu da ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological kamance. Daga cikin vertabrate su ne na farko raka'a bar cikin ruwa yanayi, ya tafi a bakin. Domin da yawa dubban shekaru, suna da fifiko a kan sauran iri. Yana sa an kawo karshen wannan zamanin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Me ya faru, ba a sani ba bisa ga yaƙĩni. Akwai da yawa zaton, mafi yawan abin da ake da goyan bayan indisputable shaida. Wannan duniya bala'i sa da fall na meteorite, da kuma fitowan na flowering shuke-shuke, da kuma canjin yanayi. Daga bisani, da yawa masu rarrafe da baya cikin ruwa yanayi. Amma kayan ciki su kasance quite dace da rayuwa a kan ƙasar. A halin yanzu, wakilin irin jinsin ne teku kunkuru.

Bambance-bambance a cikin tsari na gabobin

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe numfashi na yanayi iska ta cikin huhu. Amma amphibian larvae aka adana gills. Dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma ba su da su. Bayan haka, a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe mafi hadaddun juyayi tsarin. Bã su da rudiments na cerebral bawo, cerebellum, kuma mafi cigaba hankula. Crocodiles, kadangaru da hawainiya aka fi saba da rayuwa a kan ƙasar. Suna da cikakken ji da gani, isasshe ɓullo da kuma gabobin da dandano, kamshi, touch. Ku ɗanɗani buds kamar yadda a cikin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa ne kusan ba ya nan. Ko da yake suna da girma ci gaba, Keen ji na wari.

A dabbobi masu rarrafe wuya Sistem da excretory tsarin. Su jini a manyan tasoshin da aka fi kasu kashi jijiya da kuma venous. Bugu da ƙari kuma, dabbobi masu rarrafe bace cutaneous tasoshin, wanda aka sosai ci gaba a halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa game da rabi daga cikin oxygen kwãɗi, da newts ta shirya cutaneous numfasawa. A karkashin ruwa, ba su amfani da huhu. Dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma kamar wancan ba zai iya shanye oxygen. Saboda haka fata arteries da jijiyoyinmu ba bukatar su. Su numfashi tattimin ɓullo da huhu.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe lambar daban kashin baya. A dabbobi masu rarrafe, akwai biyar, da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - hudu. A tailless jinsunan ba hakarkarinsa.

Bambanci a cikin yaduwa hanyoyin

Kifi, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe da yawa daban-daban yanayin na yaduwa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe hadi ne ciki. Qwai suna kafa a ciki da mace. Sa'an nan, a matsayin mai mulkin, shi ya sanya su a cikin excavated rami da bi da dropwise saman. Hakazalika hali kamar crocodiles, kuma kunkuru. Sun ƙyanƙyashe da cikakkiyar sifa, daga manya da suka bambanta kawai a size. Akwai ma viviparous dabbobi masu rarrafe. Suna "haife" a cikin duniya wani jariri kafa a wani leathery harsashi. Wannan hanya na yaduwa muhimmi ga wasu iri macizai. Haife baby karya fata da kuma jan gindi. Ya na fitad da wani zaman kanta rayuwa. Yana da ikon yi sa su qwai a cikin Dura ba juyin halitta bace to dabbobi masu rarrafe zuwa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a zaunar da su a sassa daban daban na duniya. Sun zama a cikin gandun daji, Hamada, duwãtsu, kuma filayen. Features na tsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe da ba su damar zama a ruwa.

A halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kiwo auku a cikin kandami. A mãtã spawn a ruwa. Akwai ma yarda maza maniyyi cewa fertilizes da kwai. Da farko ƙyanƙyashe cikin larvae. Kawai bayan wata biyu ko uku da suka karshe zama matasa.

Salon masu rarrafe, da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa

Mutane da yawa halittar dabba mai kafafuwa an haife kawai a cikin ruwa, da kuma duk adult rayuwa da suke ciyarwa a kan ƙasar. Amma akwai iri halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kamar newts, wanda ba ka bar ruwa yanayi. A unfavorable yanayi, irin ƙasar jinsunan kamar frogs, toads iya dawo cikin kandami. Suka ciyar a kan shuka abinci halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma kwaro. Su rayu tsawon. Wasu jinsunan frogs iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 8, kuma newts - kawai shekaru 3.

Features na dabbobi masu rarrafe ne cewa ba su dogara a kan ruwa. Sun iya ninka, kuma a cikin rashi. Dabbobi masu rarrafe ci wani iri-iri na abinci. A rage cin abinci kunshi kananan kadangaru, kwari. Maciji farauta domin hakori. Suna iya ci kuma tsuntsaye qwai. Crocodiles da kadangaru fi son herbivorous dabbobi masu shayarwa - barewa, irin gada da kuma ko da manyan ruwa bauna. Kunkuru cinye ganyayyaki na abinci. Dabbobi masu rarrafe - real centenarians. Found tortoises, wanda shekaru ne fiye da shekaru 200. Crocodiles iya rayuwa shekaru 80, da kuma macizai da kadangaru - 50.

binciken

Dabbobi masu rarrafe ne daban-daban daga halittar dabba mai kafafuwa a kan wadannan sigogi:

1. Location bayanai. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa fi son damp da kuma rigar wurare kusa da ruwa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ba alaka ruwa.

2. A fata na dabbobi masu rarrafe ne bã tãre da gland. Shi ne bushe da rufe da ɓamɓaroki. A halittar dabba mai kafafuwa shi ne, a maimakon haka, aka cike da gidajen gona da gland cewa asirce yawa gamsai.

3. dabbobi masu rarrafe halayyar Molina.

4. The magabatan halittu masu rarrafe - halittar dabba mai kafafuwa.

5. dabbobi masu rarrafe ne mafi matukar cigaba kuma mai ladabi da juyayi da kuma Sistem tsarin.

6. crocodiles, kadangaru, macizai da sauran jinsunan hadi ne ciki.

7. halittar dabba mai kafafuwa hudu kashin baya, da kuma biyar masu rarrafe. Wannan yana da kamance dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe.

ban sha'awa facts

A mafi m dabbobi masu rarrafe da cewa taba wanzu a cikin ƙasa, suna dinosaur. Sun bace game da miliyan 65 da suka wuce. Su zaune cikin teku, da ƙasar. Wasu jinsunan ne iya tashi. A halin yanzu, mafi tsoho dabbobi masu rarrafe ne, kunkuru. Su ne fiye da miliyan 300 da shekaru. Su wanzu a zamanin dinosaur. A kadan daga baya ya zo na farko crocodiles da kadangaru (photo su za a iya kyan gani, a wannan labarin). Macizai ne "kawai" 20 shekaru miliyan. Wannan shi ne mai gwada yaro bayyanar. Ko da yake su asalin shi ne a halin yanzu daya daga cikin manyan asirai na ilmin halitta.