Sayan tsawo duwãtsu. Tsororuwar da Sayan Mountains

Kila, da yawa zamani matafiya a kalla sau daya a rayuwa tunani game da abin da yake da tsawo na da Sayan Mountains. Me shi zai yi sha'awar a? Yawanci, akwai fiye da daya bayani, mafi muhimmanci daga wanda za a iya dauke al'ada son sani kuma wani irrepressible sha'awar ziyarci mafi girma daga duk yiwu maki, idan ba duniya a matsayin dukan, kasar mu a matsayin m.

Wannan labarin da nufin gaya maka game da wannan ban mamaki Gwargwadon yanki na kasar, a matsayin Sayan Mountains. Mai karatu zai koyi mai yawa da amfani bayani game da wannan ɓangare na mu da gaskiya da ce sararin kasa.

janar bayanai

Sayan Mountains photo, wanda za a iya samu a kusan duk wani mai shiryarwa a Rasha Federation yankuna, sanya up biyu interlocking dutsen tsarin a kudancin Siberia a cikin Irkutsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Abuja, Jamhuriyar Tyva, Khakassia da Buryatia, kazalika da arewacin yankunan na Mongolia iyaka Jamhuriyar Tuva da Buryatia.

Duwãtsu aka raba geographically cikin kasashen Turai da kuma Gabas ta Sayan, kowanne daga abin yana da yawan musamman siffofin da kansa.

Alal misali, yammacin ɓangare ne masu hada kai da kuma nuna ridges ba tare da glaciations, wanda aka located tsakanin intermountain tasa. Domin gabashin ɓangare na Mid-hankula kololuwa da kuma glaciers.

Sayan Mountains da yalwa da waɗansu kõguna na ga Yenisei River tasa.

A gangara an rufe tare da duwatsu taiga, wucewa a mai tsayi tundra. Tsakanin dutsen tsarin ne a jam'i na depressions na daban-daban siffar da kuma zurfin. Daya daga cikin shahararrun - Minusinsk Basin, wanda yana da babban yawan archaeological shafukan. A general shi za a iya lura da cewa talakawan mawadãta daga cikin Heights na da Eastern Sayan ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga wani m index yammacin ridges.

Ina da sunan

Masana kimiyya sun ce sunan wadannan wurare sun girmama na eponymous Turkic kabilar da suka rayu a Siberia, a cikin sama kai na da Yenisei River da kuma Oka.

Sayan daga baya garwaya da sauran tudun kabilu da kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Tuva mutane. The sosai guda kabila mallakar Samoyed kabilu, da kuma wakilan kira duwãtsu "Kegmen", yayin da Buryats Mun bã su, mafi wuya ga mutum kunne na zamani sunan - "Sardyk".

Game da wannan kabilar a cikin tarihin gaya Rasha Cossacks Tyumenets da Petrov, wanda ya ziyarci a 1615 a cikin mahaifar Altyn Khan. Bugu da ari a Rasha tafiya records riga duwãtsu aka jera a karkashin sunan Sayani, tsororuwar abin da aka samu daga baya, shi ne 3491 m.

ilimi Features

Ya kamata a lura da cewa daga wani yanki ra'ayi, shi ne mai gwada matasa duwãtsu, wadda bisa ga masana kimiyya, akwai kimanin miliyan 400. Shekaru da suka wuce.

Suna kafa na zamanin d duwatsu wanda ake ciki har da volcanic asalin. Kafin samuwar dutsen kewayon akwai teku, kamar yadda evidenced da saura samu burbushin algae.

Samuwar wani dutse taimako faru a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sauyin yanayi. Tsakanin tsoho glacial duwãtsu aka rufe da glaciers cewa Shift canza ƙasa ta surface, forming nuna kololuwa da kuma kwari da m gangara. Bayan jin wuta da glaciers narke, ciko yawa hollows da depressions tsammãni - akwai tabkuna na glacial asalin.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa da tsawo na da Sayan Mountains ba kamar yadda muhimmanci, sabili da haka ba ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Bari mu ga idan wannan shi ne, a gaskiya ma, ta zama sanin su Gwargwadon fasali.

A general, wannan shi ne a ci gaba da tudun Altaiskaya dutsen tsarin hidima a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Sin da Rasha.

Mountains kunshi layi daya dutsen sarkar juna nodes. Tare da Altaiskaya dutsen tsarin Sayans nasaba kashin Shabin davan. Don arewa da kuma arewa maso yammacin ta shimfida Kaltanovsky kunya wanda abuts da Itemsky kunya, wanda lullube daga gabas zuwa kudu maso yammacin na Yenisei River tributary. A kudu Kaltanovsky kunya ta haɗu da kwaruruka Omaytura. A easterly shugabanci daga kunya Shabin davan Sayans kasu kashi biyu, sarƙoƙi. Northern Sayan da aka sani da Cours-Taiga da kuma ta Kudu - Tuna-Taiga.

Daga arewacin Sayan cirewa Sosnovka da Kyzyn-sous tafi dutsen spur raba Kantegir River da kuma Yenisei. Bugu da ari, ta hanyar Yenisei da Sayan duwãtsu daukan dama sarƙoƙi a arewa-maso-gabas.

Majestic kogin Yenisei Siberia ke ta dutsen jeri na tsararru, da ake kira Western Sayan, forming wani sa na bakin ƙofa.

A dama banki na Yenisey dutsen motsi smoothly a matakan Minusinsk gundumar. Sayan reshe haihuwarka ne daban-daban sunayen. By a hankali m Yenissey Kyzyrsuksky kunya samar da wani ƙunci daga nassi tare da wani iko da waterfall kira Manyan bakin kofa. Bugu da ari, shi ya wuce tsakanin koguna Kyzyr-Suk kuma Big Ou zuwa tekun Yenissei inda Biryusinsk kewaye da aka saukar zuwa ga tsawo na 1600 ƙafafunsa.

Bugu da kari ga biyu rassan da Sayan dutsen zangon da ya raba kogin da kuma Kazyr Kizira. Next Agul spur ke da arewa da kuma arewa-maso-yammacin da kogin ya raba da Tagul Agul.

Yadda shine mafi girman dutsen Sayan: camfin da Legends na Sayan Mountains

Ikon boulders, kusan abutting a sama, ko da yaushe zama abu na wahayi, kuma a wasu da girmamawa daga mutanen da suke zaune a wadannan yankuna. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin labarin baki da yan unguwa za ka iya saduwa da haka mutane da yawa Legends sadaukar domin kawai wannan topic. Bari mu samu san wasu daga cikinsu.

A zamanin da, da na samaniya gumãka aika zuwa duniya dansa Gesar zuwa yãƙi mugunta. A waɗannan kwanaki, dukan gumakan da heroes zauna a cikin duwatsu, kuma gadon sarautar Gesar ya a kan mafi girman dutsen. Samaniya gwarzo kawar duniya na rashin adalci da kuma dodanni, ya yi yawa feats. Ya warriors juya zuwa dutse, kuma ya jũya a kan duwatsu. Yanzu an kira su Sayan, kuma mafi girma na su, wanda aka kursiyinsa - Munch-Sardyk. The fi na Sayan Mountains da tsoho sunayen da tana tattare a camfin. Mutane da yawa daga cikin su sun gina na duwatsu da kuma ajiye ake kira "kula", ko wurin bauta, kuma miƙa hadaya ga gumakan.

A general, Geser - a mythological adadi, sujada da kusan dukan al'ummai na Asiya ta tsakiya. A labari na wannan abin bautãwa ƙunshi yawa labari hawan keke da ma'aikata 22 da 000 Lines. A binciken da ya ci gaba da almara, shẽkara ɗari, amma har yanzu akwai wani real data. Wasu sun gaskata cewa Geser ne almara, hali, yayin da wasu ne daga cikin ra'ayi da cewa almara aka sadaukar domin Genghis Khan. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu cewa Gesar ne Roman fassarar "Kaisar" title (Kaisar). Buryat Geseriade nazarin da ka'idar cewa epics bayyana kafin haihuwarsa. Amma mafi yawan su ne karkata zuwa imani da cewa al'adar Geser gaya labarin wani soja shugaban wanda ya rayu a XI-XII ƙarni.

Asirin da asirai na sunan

Magabatan na zamani Tuvan ne Turkic kabilar Soyots cewa rayu a baya a duwãtsu a cikin sama kai na kõguna Yenisei da Oka. A cewar binciken burbushin, "Soyot" yana nufin jam'ine na Kalmar "Saboda haka Yeon", kuma haka ne wannan al'umma har yanzu kira Saboda haka Yeon. Daga baya da kalmar mutate cikin Sayan. Kabilan kira da dutse "Kegmen", wanda ke nufin "samaniya shamaki". Buryats wadannan duwatsu da ake kira "Sardyk", wanda fassara nufin "char".

A karo na farko a kan Sayan Mountains gaya Rasha Cossacks da Tyumenets Petrov, wanda ya ziyarci a 1615 a Altyn-Khan. Sayan shi ne na farko nasara Kwamishinan Pester dubawa da iyaka line daga duwãtsu, kuma a lura da iyaka posts da kuma alamomi a 1778-1780 biennium. Sayan bincike ya fara a cikin XIX karni.

Sashen siffofin

West Sayan yana da wani folded tsarin da kuma wani bangare ne na Caledonian bel na Paleozoic Altai-Sayan yankin. Yana lullube daga kudu-maso-yammacin zuwa arewa-maso-gabas, a cikin hanyar wani ellipse, wanda aka daure a kan dukkan bangarorin da laifinsu. A ciki tsari ne saboda wani hadadden cover-sharyazhnym irin tsarin.

Idan kun bayyana wani hadadden da multifaceted batun, kamar yadda da tsawo na da Sayan Mountains, ba a ma maganar cewa dutsen tsarin na yammacin ɓangare ne zuwa kashi da dama tectonic zones (Arewa-Sayan, Tsentralnosayanskuyu, Boruss da Kurtushubinskuyu). A Arewa Sayansky bel hada volcanosedimentary sediments Vendian-Cambrian kankara tare da wani fili ophiolite mélange zones.

Domin Kurtushibinskogo da Boruss zones hali na Lower Paleozoic quartzites da diabase da yumɓu-siliceous shale kuma ultramafic kankara. Wadannan kankara kasance a cikin hadaddun tectonic da sedimentary garwayayye. Tsentralnosayansky bel kunshi wani hadadden na volcanogenic tsarin flyschoid Early Paleozoic dutse tare da m yadudduka. Domin wannan sashi ne halin da tectonic gungu da sababbu canje-canje na sedimentary kankara. Haka kuma an ware wani lokacin dabam Dzhebashskuyu zone da ciwon mafi tsoho (Riphean) asalin located tare da arewacin West Sayans. Yana aka mamaye ƙẽƙasasshen volcanic da flysch adibas.

Eastern Sayan da aka raba dangane da shekaru. A arewa maso gabashin part, adjoining da kudu-maso-yammacin zuwa Siberian dandali, nasa ne mafi tsoho (Precambrian) type, da kuma kudu-maso-yammacin - wa ƙaramar (Caledonian) rubuta. A farko kunshi canza Precambrian kankara, wanda sun hada da tsoho gneisses da amphibolites. Jamhuriyar Derbinskoj anticline yana da wani tsarin da ƙaramin kankara - schist, marmara da amphibolite. Kudu maso yammacin Sayans part hada da volcanic da sedimentary kankara. A arewa da yammacin Eastern Sayan orogenic depressions kafa, kunsha na volcanic clastic kankara.

ma'adanai duwãtsu

Ganin in more daki-daki mas'ala ta da tsawo, Sayan ba za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai daya-yanki yanki abu. Me ya sa? The abu ne cewa su gabashin ɓangare na daina, kuma mafi girma fiye da yammacin. Alal misali, ganiya da kashi na farko yakan saman teku matakin zuwa 3.491 m (tsororuwar da Sayan Mountains - Munch-Sardyk), yayin da na biyu -. Kawai 3121 m Eh, da kuma tsawon na gabas for 400 km fiye da yamma.

Duk da haka, duk da wadannan bambance-bambance, da darajar da muhimmancin wannan tsararru ga tattalin arzikin kasar mu yi wuya a overestimate. A gaskiya cewa yawan amfani nau'in abin da ke faruwa a cikin jerin, da gaske ban sha'awa.

A cikin West Sayan, akwai adibas na baƙin ƙarfe, da jan karfe, da zinariya, da chrysotile asbestos, molybdenum da tungsten ores. Babban arziki na hakar ma'adinai na albarkatun ma'adinai - baƙin ƙarfe da chrysotile asbestos. Tama da dangantaka da hydrothermally metasomatic irin dangantaka da gabbroides ya karu basicity da granites. Chrysotile asbestos ake dangantawa da Cambrian ultrabasites.

Eastern Sayan Mountains, da tsawo daga wanda predominates, da aka sani adibas na zinariya, da baƙin ƙarfe, aluminum, titanium tama da sauran rare karafa, graphite, Mica, magnesite. Adibas na baƙin ƙarfe wakilta ferruginous quartzite, volcanic-sedimentary hematite-magnetite da magnetite ores. Aluminum ores gabatar haƙar sillimanite da urtite Proterozoic shales. By agroores ne secondary phosphates. Har ila yau, a nan akwai kananan adibas na lamba-metasomatic phlogopite da muscovite pegmatite. A fannin ma'adini reserves ake samu, graphite, Jade, chrysotile asbestos, farar ƙasa kuma yi kayan.

yammacin Sayan

Wannan yankin ya zuwa arewa-maso-gabas da Eastern Sayan, daga tushen kogin Kananan Abakan ga headwaters na gudãna Kazyr da Uda. Tsororuwar da kunya an dauki Kyzyl Taiga (3120 m) cewa shi ne wani ɓangare Sayansky Rarraba kunya.

Mountain wuri mai faɗi da hali na mai tsayi ƙasa tare da m gangara kuma m dutse placers. Mountain kololuwa a yamma isar Heights na har zuwa 3000 m, zuwa gabas, su ne saukar zuwa 2000 m. A gindin gangaren an rufe tare da Pine da deciduous gandun daji, wanda su ne a sama ta miƙa mulki a cikin duhu coniferous taiga.

Upper tiers a tsawon 2000 m ne dutsen taiga da glacial tabkuna, cirques da moraines. A cikin ƙasa na Yammacin Sayan ne Sayano-Shushenskaya Reserve.

Eastern Sayan Mountains

A saman yankin rufe da ba dab snows. Tsororuwar da Gabashi da Sayans kansu Sayan duwãtsu, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ga wani dũtse-Sardyk Munch (3490 m), wanda aka adjoined Okinskiy tudu. The bayyana a nan aka rufe da mai tsayi fadamun, deciduous gandun daji da kuma dutsen tundra, akwai kuma yashe m yankunan. A tsakiyar ɓangare aka kafa ta da wani taro da dama jeri, shi ne girma ganiya (ganiya A grand) yana mai tsawo na 2980 m.

Topographers ganiya (3044 m) da ake sa wa na biyu mafi girma ganiya. Major glaciers suna located a cikin manyan kololuwa. Bugu da kari, a cikin Eastern Sayan Mountains akwai wani "kwari mai volcanoes" tare da burbushi na volcanic aiki, wanda shi ne wani volcanic tudu. Recent lawa watsi kimanin 8,000 da suka wuce. duniya-sanannen "Stolby" Nature Reserve aka located a cikin Eastern Sayan Mountains.

Abin da ya gani a cikin Sayan Mountains

Ta duk na sama facts, shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa da tsawo na da Sayan Mountains janyo hankalin haka da yawa matafiya daga daban-daban sasanninta na duniya. Kowane mutum yana so ya ji kamar wani ɓangare na wani abu babbar kuma sararin.

Duk da haka, a nan Yana kira ba kawai tsawo, Sayan duwatsu suna da wata musamman taiga shimfidar da glacial tabkuna, waterfalls da kõguna, samar da musamman shimfidar.

A mafi m da unpopulated yanki na duwãtsu dauke tsakiyar Sayan (Tofalariya). Daga cikin Yammacin Sayan taiga boye halitta "Stone Town" inda kankara kama ragowar tsoho gidãje kuma birãnensu. Eastern Sayan sani Shumak ma'adinai marẽmari da "kwarin volcanoes."

Musamman kyau yanki Munch-Sardyk da Oka Filato a watan Yuli, idan duwãtsu aka rufe da m kyãwãwa na poppies, rhododendron, edelweiss, zinariya tushen da sauran shuke-shuke. Akwai da yawa gorges, da waɗansu kõguna, da tabkuna da kuma a qarqashinsu, suna samu Elk kuma Musk. Nature Munch-Sardyk kusan untouched by mutum. Sam Ridge aka located a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da kuma Mongolia, da kuma ziyara ga wannan yanki mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da izni na kan iyaka sabis, in ba haka ba da tsawo na da Sayan duwãtsu iya fascinate kawai daga waje.