Dnestr Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar: map, gwamnatin, shugaban kasar, kudin da Tarihin

Bayan rushewar sararin kasa, wanda shagaltar da shida na ƙasar, kafa ta a jam'i na m jihohin da aka nan da nan fuskanci yawa matsaloli. Kuma ko da wasu daga cikin duniya bai yarda ya gane. Wannan ne Pridnestrovian Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar. An sanaki jarumi mutanen da suka ba kawai ya kalubalanci duka "m" bil'adama, amma kuma msa da matsa lamba da martani. Duk da haka, tarihin wannan jiha ba a gane ta duk yana da ban sha'awa. Ya bayyanar a duniya map saboda ba kawai ga nufin na yawan jama'ar, amma kuma baya events. Yana haka ya faru da cewa wannan yanki tun karni na sha takwas kuma suka shiga Rasha Empire. Amma bari mu delve kadan zurfi a cikin past.

Yadda za a saita yankin

History of Transnistria ne ba yawa daban-daban daga na makwabta asashe. A zamanin da, da yankin da aka sparsely populated. M rayu a nan Slavic da Turkic kabilu. A lokacin, yankin na daga Kievan Rus, shi aka sa'an nan a hada a cikin Galicia-Volyn sarauta. A XIV karni ƙasar shige cikin Grand Duchy na Lithuania. Tun da mazaunan kasance kaɗan, sa'an nan ta miƙa mulki daga karkashin daya iko zuwa wani da aka ba musamman shafi mutane. Kawai a cikin karni na sha takwas, bayan da data da aka saka a cikin wuri na Rasha Empire fara zama canje-canje. Kula da tsaron kan iyaka, da jihar karfafa hijirarsa na 'yan kasa a wadannan wurare. A jama'ar da aka manyan. Daga cikin mazaunan hadu Bulgarians da kuma Rasha, da Jamus da kuma Girkawa, kuma, ba shakka, da Moldovans. Bayan juyin juya hali, da {asar Moldova cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar aka kafa a yankin. Yana yana daga cikin Ukrainian SSR. Shi ne kawai a 1939, lokacin da Romania da aka tilasta koma cikin kungiyar na da shagaltar da yankuna, da aka kafa da Harshen Maldavian SSR, wanda ya hada duka biyu ƙasar data. Don gane da dalilai ga abin da mutane da suke zaune a cikin ƙasa, bai so su zauna a wani bangare na sabon Moldova, yana da muhimmanci a san da tarihi.

Industrial Complex Formation

Bayan samuwar da Harshen Maldavian hukuma fara aika masana nan daga Soviet jamhuriyoyin. M mu sāke gina halin yanzu ƙasa na Ukrainians da kuma Rasha. Ga dalilai na siyasa, shi ne a nan cewa halitta manyan masana'antu Enterprises. By lokacin da samuwar a halin yanzu form Pridnestrovie ya 40% na GDP, 90% na wutar lantarki da generated. Bugu da kari, an tushen 14th kawance sojojin, ba shakka, isassun kayayyakin da aka halitta. Sai dai itace cewa a yau da Pridnestrovian Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar ya mayar da hankali a kan iyakarta da kusan dukan masana'antu yuwuwar na kasar, kafa bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet.

Official, amma ba a gane ta da samuwar sabuwar gwamnati

Lamarin ya auku ne a lokacin da mu a baya babbar kasa rududdugaggu cikin goma sha biyar sassa. Wannan shi ne, wannan rabo an gane da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, amma ba mutane. Tun da Moldova da tarihi da aka kafa daga biyu daban yankuna, da yawan jama'ar da aka raba "sansanonin". Cibiyar dauke dukan ƙasar. Kawai a Pridnestrovie gudanar da wani ra'ayi daban-daban. MSSR majalisar soma da "jawabi na Independence", wanda soke sakamakon da doka a kan samuwar na jamhuriyar cikin Union. Amma wannan harka kamar yadda idan warware daga karkarar Transdniestria gwamnatin dangantakar da sabon kasar kamar yadda aka kunshe a cikin Harshen Maldavian majalisar soke ta yanke shawara. A Tiraspol, ba rudewa, ya yi kira da biyar Nuwamba 1991 PMR (cikakken suna - da Pridnestrovian Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar) da cewa a cikin fahimtar da aka tarihi quite ma'ana.

Gudanarwa - yankin division

PMR ne unitary jumhuriya, kunshi bakwai administrative raka'a. Sun hada da biyar gundumomi da kuma birane biyu, yin biyayya da jamhuriyar. Yana - Bender da Tiraspol. Dnestr Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar (hoton sama) na da jihar alamomin. Flag ne flag da ja kore tsiri a tsakiyar. A kusurwar suna located haye guduma da lauje. A wannan ƙasa akwai takwas garuruwa da kauyuka da ɗari da arba'in da uku kauyuka da hudu Railway tashoshin. Sashe na daga cikin ƙauyuka ne a karkashin gwamnatin Moldova. A shekarar 2011, yawan wuce ɗari biyar dubu talatin da biyar kasashe. Mafi yawa daga cikin mutane (40%) la'akari da kansu Moldovans, Ukrainians - 26%, Rasha - 24%. PMR gwamnati na amfani uku hukuma harsuna gane da wakilan manyan kabilun. Main addini - Kiristanci, ko da yake aikin da sauran bangaskiya-tushen kungiyoyin.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Transdniestrian Jamhuriyar Moldova (ta bako katin a cikin labarin) ne isasshe kunkuntar tsiri na ƙasar raini da tsakanin Moldova da Ukraine. Ba ta da damar zuwa teku. A fannin wannan kasar - 4163 murabba'in kilomita. Domin reference: goma ɓangare na tsohon Harshen Maldavian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar.

PMR Shugaba aiki a Tiraspol, babban birnin kasar. Akwai ma suna located duk hukumomin gwamnati. A ƙasa ne lebur, wani lokacin akwai bim. Land Holdings kunshi principally na baki gona. A sauyin yanayi ne temperate nahiyar, ruwan sama bai isa ba, amma aikin noma ba cutarwa, kamar yadda mafi yawan kogin gudana ta hanyar da ƙasa - Dniester. Bugu da kari, ma'adanai, kuma yana da jamhuriyar. PMR aka tasowa gilashin Sands, adibas na tsakuwa da farar ƙasa ginin. Akwai yumbu lãka. A cikin gandun daji da cewa suna located a kan gangara na Dniester River, an samu daji boar, Partridge, zomo, Otter, fox, ermine. River samar da kifi ne a cikin ruwa jikinsu da kuma sturgeon.

Rigingimu da Moldova

A kai-shelar jihar da aka ba a gane a matsayin core ɓangare na tsohon Harshen Maldavian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar, wadda bisa ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya definition, yana da doka gaje shi. A rikici na dogon lokaci kokarin warware. {Asar Moldova shugabanci da zaman lafiya da shirin da aka halitta, bisa ga abin da PMR ya samar da ita "asymmetric Tarayya". A gaskiya ma, cikin daftarin aiki ƙaryata da 'yancin kai na yankin, wanda ya hukuma ya zama wani ɓangare na Moldova, albeit tare da m-jere iko. Tiraspol ƙaryata shawara, domin shi ya dogara ne a kan manufa da demilitarization, shi ne gaba ɗaya unacceptable ga jama'a. Akwai wani barazana da tsanani da makamai rikici.

A halin yanzu, tsaro yana goyan bayan da sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya, wakilta Rasha, {asar Moldova da kuma gida soja. Duk da yawan tattaunawar a karkashin laimar da OSCE, don rage tashin hankali da rikici ne ba zai yiwu ba a cimma. A karshe kalaman da aka a cikin bazara na shekarar 2014, a lokacin da gida yawan juya zuwa ga shugaban Rasha tare da bukatar ga yanke shawara a kan Accession daga Rasha zuwa PMR. Wannan taron ya faru bayan da Crimean spring. Wahayi zuwa gare ta mutane jin cewa za su sami damar zuwa connect da su tarihi mahaifarsa. Back a 2006, casa'in da bakwai bisa dari na 'yan kasa zabi ba kawai ga' yancin kai daga Moldova, amma kuma domin kara shigarwa a cikin Rasha Federation. A lokaci guda zabi saba'in da takwas bisa dari na masu kada kuri'a. Amma da kuri'ar raba gardama "m al'umma" gane undemocratic.

PMR Shugaba

A kasar na da kundin tsarin mulki, wanda kayyade domin kuma nau'i na ta zama. Kamar yadda doka ta asali, da PMR shugaban kasar da aka zaba ta hanyar kai tsaye zaben. Zaben da ake gudanar a kowace shekara biyar. Akwai wasu hani da za a amfani da su 'yan takara. Domin wannan matsayi iya amfani ne kawai a dan kasa na Jamhuriyar wanda ya kai ga yana da shekaru talatin da biyar, fiye da goma daga cikinsu a cikin wannan kasar. Yanzu shugaban PMR - Shevchuk Yevgeny Vasilyevich. Yana yana da magabacinsa, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin wannan wuri domin shekara ashirin. Yana Smirnov Igor Nikolaevich, wanda rabo ya ragu matsaloli da dama na yayin da rayuwa a cikin ƙasar ba na al'ada. A karshe zaben shugaban kasa da aka gudanar a shekarar 2011.

tattalin arzikin

Duk da cewa akwai manyan masana'antu Enterprises, ba su ba da mutum samun kudin shiga a kasar. Daga cikin matsalolin da ake magana a kai a cikin ta farko matsayi na jihar. An ba a gane cewa ya hana gina tattalin arziki da kuma su shiga a manyan ayyukan. Production kamfanoni suna sayar a kan ƙasa na Ukraine da kuma Rasha. Last PMR ya ci gaba da goyon baya. Alal misali, mutane da yawa Majiyoyi da taba-girma indebtedness na da shari'ã Jihar gas (400 bisa dari na GDP). Kudin Transnistria - da Transnistrian ruble. Shi ya fara nuna a shekarar 2005. A wurare dabam dabam suna takardar kudi denominated 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 da kuma 500 rubles. Akwai kuma tsabar kudi na Pridnestrovian Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar, kamar haka: 5, 10, 25 da kuma 50 aninai. Da banki tsarin, kazalika da a wasu kasashe, a biyu-bene. A farko - a kasa ma'aikata, na biyu - da kasuwanci. Kudin da Pridnestrovian Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar aka nakalto kawai a cikin ƙasa. Yake da alaka da wannan matsayi na shari'ã jihar.

yawon shakatawa da m

Jamhuriyar yana kokarin jawo hankalin masu zuba jari. Domin wannan na musamman shirin. Wannan siyasa na taimaka wa mai girma wuri da kuma da-ɓullo da kai tsarin na jihar. Bugu da kari, akwai da dama daga ƙauyuka da cewa suna da wani arziki tarihi. Babban na su - Kamenka, inda akwai da yawa gine-gine Monuments. Daga cikin su: majami'u, baranda da kuma ruwan inabi cellars. Mazauna gladly nuna yawon bude ido gidan gona Field Marshal P. H. Vitgenshteyna, ɓangare na abin da ake kiyaye su a cikin gari. A PMR (photo) ne a yanayi ajiye - "Iagorlic". A halin yanzu dauke da yiwuwar ci gaba a kasar kore yawon shakatawa, domin wanda akwai isasshen karfi. Masu ziyara bayar da shawarar dole ganin Church of St. Paraskeva da Serbian, wanda aka located a kauyen Valea Adîncă gidan kayan gargajiya hadaddun "Bendery sansanin soja". Mazauna ne justifiably alfahari da bincike akan burbushin halitta hadaddun "Kolkotovaya katako", abu ne na halitta abin tunawa daga duniya muhimmancin.

zaman jama'a kariya

PMR gwamnati tana mai da hankali ga al'amurran da suka shafi ilimi da kuma kiwon lafiya. A tara-shekara ilimi shi ne wajibi. Total a kasar aiki daya ɗari da tamanin da hudu makaranta (shida - mai zaman kansa). A shekara ta talatin da uku koyarwa a {asar Moldova harshe, a cikin uku - in Ukrainian, a cikin wasu - a Rasha. A TMR uku a jihar jami'a, a Bugu da kari, akwai rassan Rasha da kuma Ukrainian jami'o'i. Alal misali, University (da asali makaranta) sa suna goma sha dubu dalibai. Matasa iya samun wani mafi girma ilimi a Rasha, wanda ya gane su takardar shaidar. Healthcare aiki ta hanyar jama'a kudade. Bisa kididdigar da, a nan dole mu ɗari da ashirin da ɗaya da ɗari kiwon lafiya kwararru gadaje da dubu goma yawan jama'a. Akwai cibiyoyin da sabis na wasu nau'i-nau'i daga 'yan kasa, ciki har da mata da iyaye mata da yara, guragu yakin duniya na II.

cinikayya

Jihar fitarwa mallaki kayayyakin da albarkatun kasa. A karshen hada da sumunti, tsakuwa, yashi. More kan fitarwa ne kayayyakin da ferrous metallurgy, inji aikin injiniya, makamashi da kuma Textiles. Mafi yawa daga cikin kayayyakin da ake cinye Rasha Federation da kuma Ukraine. Amma akwai kuma abokan daga kasashen waje. Wannan shi ne Siriya da kuma Turkey, Serbia da kuma Romania, kawai game da mutum ɗari kasashen. PMR shigo da wannan iskar gas feedstock ga metallurgical masana'antu, mai aiki kayayyakin. A kasar samar da isasshen aka gyara domin inji aikin injiniya, su ma suna da za a shigo da.

Bugu da kari, wasu kayayyakin abinci da ake shigo da daga kasashen waje (yafi nama kayayyakin). Babban kaya ne Rasha da Kazakhstan Enterprises da Moldova da kuma Jamus, Ukraine da kuma Italiya. A gwamnati ne na damuwa cewa shigo ƙwarai wuce fitarwa daga kasar. Wannan Gaskiya ne, na abinci. A shirin wajen samar da nasu capacities, da yanayi ne m.

soja rukunan

A TMR na da dakarun sojoji, halitta mai karkata zuwa ga kare da karkararta tun daga waje ta'adi. Soja Rukunai na Jamhuriyar aka gabatar a matsayin zalla tsaron gida. Abin baƙin ciki, sojojin da yake faruwa a gani ta'adi mafi kusa makwabcin - Moldova. A tsarin kunshi sojojin ƙasa, kan iyaka, ciki da kuma Air Force. Bugu da kari, shi ya kafa son rai Cossack tsarin. Umurci sojoji, da shugaban PMR. Jamhuriyar ayyana kanta a tsaka tsaki jihar. A wani block, shi ba ya hada da ba ya nufin su shiga. The sojojin ne ya] auki kan duniya conscription, da kuma Cossack raka'a - a kan wani son rai-akai. Domin dokar ta-ƙara tashin hankali a cikin Transnistria yankin na Moldova, ya sha nanata kira ga wani tsari don rike da gindaya na kan iyakoki da kuma farkon kwance damarar yaki. fahimtar ba a kai a cikin wannan al'amari. A jamhuriyar ne aiki Group of Rasha, sojoji. Its main nufi - kariya ta haihuwa arsenals na zuwa wani daga cikin Soviet Army.