Harshen Maldavian SSR: tarihi na ilimi, description, yankuna da birane. A makamai da kuma tutar {asar Moldova SSR

Wannan talifin zai dubi abin da Harshen Maldavian SSR. Wannan jamhuriyar aka located a cikin matsananci kudu maso yammacin turai kashi na Tarayyar Soviet, a cikin abin da shi ne wani ɓangare. MSSR aka halitta a 1940, a kan Agusta 2, da kuma wargaza a 1991, 27 ga watan Agusta. A gabas, kudu da arewa shi da iyaka tare da Ukrainian SSR, kuma a yamma - da Romania. A shekarar 1989, yawan al'ummarta ya 4337 da mutane dubu. Chişinău City shi ne babban birnin kasar na MSSR.

A manyan birane na Moldova a 1989 sun Chişinău (667,100 mazaunan), Tiraspol (181 900 mazaunan), Balti (158 500 mazaunan), Bender (130 000 mazaunan). A lokacin da shekaru na Soviet ikon daga kananan garuruwa da kauyuka da tsohon ƙãra birnin Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

Hada hannu da Tarayyar Soviet Bessarabia

A Soviet gwamnati a 1940, 26, da 27 na watan Yuni, ya aiko biyu bayanin kula da Romanian shugabanci, wanda ya bukaci gaggawa don kammala zama na Bessarabia. Romanian kambi majalisa bai iya samun goyon baya daga Jamus da Italiya, don haka ya ba da amsa ga Soviet tsarin mulki. A Romanian gwamnatin soma shawara bayanin kula daga Yuni 28, 1940 a kan dawowar Bessarabia, da iri da kuma lokaci na janye rarrabuwa da kuma gwamnati. Red Army raka'a shiga a wannan rana (28 Yuni) a lardin Bessarabia RSFSR.

A gwamnati na 9th Army aka wargaza a kan Yuli 10. Bessarabia da ƙasar sojojin bar a kan waɗannan ƙasashe ya zama wani ɓangare na Odessa Soja District.

samuwar

A 1940, Agusta 2, da aka gudanar VII zaman Koli Soviet da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda soma wani doka a kan kafa na kungiyar tarayyar na Harshen Maldavian Jamhuriyar.

Harshen Maldavian SSR a cikin abun da ke ciki da wadannan yankuna: 6 kananan hukumomi na Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) da kuma 6 gundumomi na tsohon Harshen Maldavian ASSR (Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia.) The sauran yankunan MASSR da kuma da Isma'ila, da Akkerman da Khotin gundumomi na Bessarabia aka canjawa wuri zuwa Ukrainian SSR.

Daga baya, a cikin 1940, 4 Nuwamba, Tarayyar Soviet Koli Soviet Presidium bayar da umarni wanda ya tabbatar da canji na iyakoki tsakanin MSSR da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Jim kadan kafin wannan, Molotov da Schulenburg kammala wani ƙarin yarjejeniya, daidai da shi da Jamusanci mutane daga Arewa Bukovina (fiye da 14,000) da kuma Kudancin Bessarabia (game da 100,000) da aka tura zuwa Jamus. Sa'an nan a komai nata suka kafa gonaki, inda mutane ana kiran su zuwa Ukraine.

Halittar Harshen Maldavian SSR aka za'ayi hanzari. A tsarin da jamhuriyar hada 61 c shiri mazauna a cikin adadin 55 000 mutane (14 ƙauyuka a cikin tsohon yankunan MASSR, 1 kauye, Cahul gundumar, 46 kauyuka na Bender County). By Ukrainian SSR koma 96 kauyuka da yawan jama'a na 203 000 mutane (76 kauyuka na Khotyn gundumar, 14 - Akkerman da kuma 6 - Ismail kananan hukumomi).

Wadannan canje-canje da aka m da cewa a cikin kauyuka na Ukrainian SSR shige rinjaye Bulgarian, Ukrainian da kuma Rasha, yawan, da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa Harshen Maldavian SSR - Gagauz da kuma {asar Moldova.

sakamakon

A sakamakon haka, da MSSR shi ne nasu ƙasa ne 33,7 dubu sq. Km, tare da yawan jama'a na 2.7 miliyan rãyukansu, daga abin da 70% sun Moldovans. Chisinau zama babban birnin kasar na jumhuriya. Bayan da reorganization na Bessarabia, da Harshen Maldavian SSR ya rasa 10 dubu sq. Km na ƙasar da kuma 0.5 mutane miliyan.

An kama shi da tura 8000 A 1940, da 'yan asalin mutane, da kuma a 1941 13 Yuni - fiye da dubu 30.

Bessarabia a lokacin yaki shekaru

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu Bessarabia mazauna halarci a cikin yãƙi a kan duka takaddama bangarorin. A Romanian sojojin da aka kira 10,000 Bessarabians: suka yi yaƙi da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma fiye da rabin su yi ba sama da fatalwa. A 'yantar da Harshen Maldavian SSR daga Romanian zama faru a shekarar 1944. Da zarar jamhuriyar dauki Soviet sojojin, suka tafi wajen ƙofar 256 000 mazaunan Moldova, wadda a 1944-1945 ya rasa rayukan 40 592 mutane.

A halin da ake ciki alƙaluma

Saboda haka, mun dauke da samuwar da Harshen Maldavian SSR. Abin da aka faruwa? Sabuntawa na tattalin arzikin da sabon Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Soviet, da taskar kasafin kudin da aka aika zuwa 448 miliyan rubles. Da farko, farfado da gadoji da kuma Lines sadarwa a fadin Dniester fashe mãsu bãyar da bãya Romanian sojojin. na Red Army da aka aiko zuwa ga gyara da tattalin arziki sassa cewa taimake ke yankin. Duk da Nistru kogin tsallaka Satumba 19, 1944 an sake gina, da kuma a Moldova ya zama zai yiwu a shigo da kayan da kayan aiki. A cikin hunturu na shekarar 1945, da jamhuriyar aka shigo da kayan aiki ga 22 na manyan kungiyoyin.

A halin da ake ciki tattalin arziki

Don mayar da masana'antu Harshen Maldavian SSR samu ci (226,000 tons), ferrous karafa (20,000 ton), mai kayayyakin (51 000 ton). By misalin da matakin na 1940, sugar da aka samar a shekarar 1945 fiye da 16%, saman mai zane da 36%, mai 84%, bulo da 42%, wutar lantarki ta 48% da kuma fata takalma da 46%. 226 aka kerata gama da kuma 60 gonaki.

Mutane da yawa Soviet jamhuriyoyin (yafi RSFSR) Moldova canjawa wuri dabbõbi (10,800 kai), da tumaki, (47 700 kai), tsaba (17.4 ton), da dawakai (17 300 kai), wata dabara gare sarrafa filayen da kuma more. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1946, da yunwa da kuma yawan shanu fara samun koma baya. Saboda haka, daga 25 000 da tumaki, da awaki, bayar da RSFSR, to 1947 ya zauna babu fiye da 18 000 kawunansu. A shekara ta 1949, da m manoma da aka tura daga kasar, da kuma kayayyakin: kayan aiki, ƙasar, shanunku da amfanin - canjawa wuri zuwa na gama gonaki.

yunwa

Kamar yadda ka gani, mai ban sha'awa taimako samu Harshen Maldavian SSR. A labarin da ke cewa duk da wannan, a cikin ƙasar da rikicin zo a shekarar 1946, duk da haka, kamar yadda a wasu yankuna na Tarayyar Soviet. A Bessarabia akwai karancin abinci bayan karshen yakin duniya na II, har ma a shekarar 1945, dawned bushe bazara. Saboda rashin abinci da yawan laifukan (yafi sata) kara da cika fuska.

Saboda rikicin, manoma sun fara ki mika girbi (musamman burodi) ikon. Wani lokaci dukan gama kauracewa tarin kayayyakin. Wadannan al'amura, hukumomin kasar da ake kira "da hujjojin da na m moods". Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa jagorancin Tarayyar Soviet 'yanci Moldova daga cikin wadata da wasu kayan abinci a sauran Soviet jamhuriyoyin, da kuma Red Army.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa daga shekarar 1947 zuwa Moldova daga da yawa jamhuriyoyin tarayyar Soviet shigo da karin abinci kayayyaki.

Sovietization

A Soviet jagorancin ci gaba da manufofin da Sovietization, 1940, dakatar saboda yaki. Ikon da kuzari ƙarfafa a kasar. Koli Soviet na Harshen Maldavian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar da gwamnatin bayan ya dawo daga fitarwa, da farko sanya shi a cikin Soroca, sa'an nan ya koma Chisinau. Shiryar da su sake gina mulki a yankin: yankin zartarwa kwamitocin da aka halicce ta kai tsaye aiki. A cikin fall na 1944 ya fara aiki birnin zartarwa kwamitocin, kazalika da yankunan karkara, gundumar da kuma County. Yana da aka kerata ayyukan la'anta da fitina.

Presidium Koli Yuni 16, 1949 bayar da umarni a kan kafa gundumar zartarwa kwamitocin, birni, County da kuma kauye. 16 ga watan Oktoba aka wallafa wani sabon umurnin kafa na kauda tashe kananan hukumomi da kuma gundumomi. Tips - A watan Disamba na shekarar 1947, zaben a karamar hukumar aka shirya a kasar a karon farko bayan da yaki. Executive kwamitocin zabe a zaman farko na Soviets. Sashen gudanarwa da kuma musamman kwamitocin halitta a karkashin zartarwa kwamitocin.

korar

Manoma, suka gudanar da m adadin masu zaman kansu dukiya, da goyan bayan Romania a 1941. Wannan aji ya zauna a cikin Moldova har 1949. A cikin shekaru 1944-1945, da Soviet shugabanci da aka tilasta ta hanyar karfi dekulakize wannan alƙarya. Fists da dũkiyõyinsu a cikin gida yankin da 'yan sanda sa a kan rikodin. A Soviet gwamnati ya lasafta cewa a shekarar 1946, ya zauna a kan ƙasa na Moldova 27 025 masu zaman kansu da ƙasar mallakarsu.

Bayan da yaki, da yunwa a kasar, don haka da cewa akwai wani anti-Soviet motsi. Daga cikin yankunan karkara mazauna mafi shafi yunwa, aka rarraba leaflets kiran mutane zuwa ga tsayayya da Soviet gwamnati. Tare da anti-Soviet leaflets bayar da wani addini shugabanci, suka yada gida darikar.

A shekarar 1949 Afrilu 6th Politburo na CPSU (b) shige wani ƙuduri a kan kore da Bessarabia, tsohon kungiyoyin asiri, kulaks, gonaki, 'yan kasuwa da kuma waɗanda suka taimaki Jamus da kuma Romanian invaders da kuma taimaka da fata. Wajen kasar fitar da dukan iyalansu. Wannan tsari shine ake kira "Operation" ta Kudu ". Moldova 11 290 iyalan 40 860 mutanen da aka tura. Expropriated dukiya shige cikin mallaki ikon jihar da kuma na gama gonaki, da gidaje da gine-gine sayar wa masu zaman kansu mutanen.

Moldova wani bangare ne na Tarayyar Soviet for 47 shekaru har 27 ga Agusta, 1991, kafin da shela da samun 'yancin kai.

administrative division

Abin da ya zo wakiltar wani Harshen Maldavian SSR? ta gundumomi a cikin adadin 52 raka'a ne sakamakon rarraba kananan hukumomi na Nuwamba 11, 1940. 6 more yankuna na kasar samu daga Harshen Maldavian ASSR.

Moldova da aka gudanar da wadannan kananan hukumomi:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky da kuma yankunan).
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni da kuma yankunan).
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova da Străşeni).
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, kuma Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-yankuna);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski da kuma yankunan).
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti da Suslensky yankunan).

Moldova da wadannan Republican gabatarwa gundumomi:

• Dubossarskii.
• Grigoriopol.
• Rybnitsa.
• Kamensky.
• Tiraspol.
• Slobozia.

Me kuma mallaki Harshen Maldavian SSR? Republican gabatarwa birni da aka bi a wannan kasa:

• Chişinău.
• Balti.
• Bender.
• Tiraspol.

shugabanci

Saboda haka, Harshen Maldavian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar wani bangare ne na Tarayyar Soviet a 1940. Its m management yi aikin {asar Moldova Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na CPSU. A shekarar 1990, gudanar da multiparty zaben fara. An sani cewa mafi girman jiki na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta MSSR ya kwamitin tsakiya (CC). A 1940-1990 ya gangarawa farko sakataren Jamhuriyar Moldova CP.

A shekarar 1990, bayan da Afrilu zaben, kafa wani kawance na "Popular Front" (maras kungiyoyin 'yan gurguzu) da kuma wasu membobin management na {asar Moldova jam'iyyar kwaminis, ya ki akidar gurguzu. Wannan ya nuna a cikin rarraba manyan posts: a kai na zartarwa ikon tsaya da wakilan "Mutane ta Front", da 'yan majalisu - tsohon gurguzu. Daga Afrilu 27 ga Satumba 3, 1990 da post na shugaban Koli Soviet na Harshen Maldavian gudanar Mircea Snegur. Its guda a shekarar 1990, Satumba 3 an zabe shugaban kasar. Mircea Druk ne ma shugaban kwamitin ministoci na 25 May 1990 zuwa 28 ga watan Mayu 1991, sa'an nan kuma wannan matsayin da aka shagaltar Muravskiy Valery.

Majalisar Koli

Abin shine mafi girman majalisu jikin Moldova a 1940-1991 shekaru? A da Majalisar Koli (unicameral), wanda wakilai, (sai da 1991 zaben), aka zabe ba tare da hamayya kan 4 shekaru (5 shekaru tun 1979). Kafin zaben, 'yan takara amince da jagorancin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Moldova.

Majalisar Koli ta ba din-din, 'yan kungiyar tattara 2-3 sau a shekara a zaman, wanda dade kamar wata kwana. Don gudanar da administrative aikin ci gaba zabe yan siyasa aiki fadar shugaban kasar, dauke da gama kai na jamhuriyar.

gashi na makamai

Yanzu la'akari da gashi na makamai da Harshen Maldavian SSR. Wannan shi ne kasa alama ce da Harshen Maldavian SSR, dangane da gashi na makamai na Tarayyar Soviet. Bisa ga 167th labarin na kundin tsarin mulki na Moldova, amince a 1978, Afrilu 15, shi yana dauke da siffar da guduma da lauje, sanya shi a cikin rana. Wannan abun da ke ciki na makwabataka da kunnuwa na masara, kunnuwa na masara, a gungu na inabõbi da kuma ja kintinkiri, a kan abin da akwai inscriptions: a kasa ne bayyane haruffa "RSSM" a gefen dama, za ka iya karanta Rasha slogan "Proletarians dukan ƙasashe, gama!", A hagu - wannan shi ne wani jumlar da aka rubuta a cikin {asar Moldova harshe. A saman gashi na makamai ado da wani biyar-nuna star.

Gashi na makamai da Harshen Maldavian SSR yana da dama versions. Da farko, shi ne ɗan daban-daban daga da na marigayi haruffan da kalmar "gama" da {asar Moldova da harshen da da tsawon rana ta haskoki. A sabon gashi na makamai na Jamhuriyar aka amince a gun cikakken zaman na Gwamnatin Moldova, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1990, a kan 3 ga watan Nuwamba.

flag

Kuma shi ya dubi kamar flag daga cikin Harshen Maldavian SSR? Yana da wani rectangular biyu mai gefe masana'anta shi ne ja, cibiyar da wani cikakken tsawon fentin kore stripe. A kan wani ja bango a saman kwanar hagu ne tushe na alama da MSSR - da guduma da lauje da biyar-ishãra zinariya ja star, circled shafi zinariya iyaka.

Green band bautarka rubu'i da nisa daga cikin masana'anta. Guduma da lauje rubũtacce a wani kirkirarren square wanda gefe yayi dace da biyar na da nisa daga cikin flag. A rike da guduma da lauje a kan ƙananan sasanninta na square, da kuma wani lauje ruwa ya ginu ne a cibiyar ta babba gefen.

Biyar-nuna star ne ma aka nuna a al'ada da'irar diamita daidaita da goma na da nisa daga cikin yanar gizo. MSSR management amince da wannan flag umurnin Janairu 31, 1952. Next panel aka bayyana a cikin labarin 168 na kundin tsarin mulki na MSSR 1978.

Muna fatan cewa, bayan karanta mu labarin, za ka samu wani cikakken hoto na Harshen Maldavian SSR.