A mafi tsufa birnin a Rasha: jerin. Wane birni a Rasha ne mafi tsufa?

A lokacin da wayewar dan adam ne ya tashi da yawa ƙauyuka wanda ya zama birane. Amma lokacin yaki, bala'o'i, mun tũba yawa daga gare su a cikin kango. Mun tsira wasu daga cikinsu. Mene ne tsoho biranen Rasha tsaya a yau? Wannan tambaya ne ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa.

wasu matsaloli

Ƙayyade mafi tsufa birnin a kasar ne da wuya sosai: ba ko da yaushe san ranar da shiri tushe. Bisa data daga chroniclers da masana tarihi, da kwanan iya kawai sanin m. Karatun littafin tarihin, masana tarihi sun nuna cewa, ambaci wannan ko da birni, abin da abubuwan tarihin da alaka ta nassoshi. A zamanin d birnin Rasha sun kasance a cikin tsohon kwana a sa wasu sunayen. Kuma saboda ainihin ranar a lokacin da suka gina, wani lokacin ba su sani ba. Amma wannan shi ne mafi tsoho birane. Akwai ma hukuma kalamai game da ranar kafuwar, to, bãbu matsalar kayyade shekaru na tarihi shafin.

Don bincika tarihi koma zuwa Nikon Chronicle, wanda aka rubuta a cikin XVI karni. Karatu bayanai daga Larabci kafofin, wanda nema a mayar da X karni. Ya taimaka a cikin wannan shahara da kuma tarihi aiki - "The Tale of bygone Years". Yana ba dakatar da aiki da kuma archaeologists wanda aka digging da kuma taimaka ƙayyade mafi tsoho biranen Rasha. List of canje-canje, akwai abubuwa na masonry ganuwar, pavements, wanda ba more kuma mafi hankalin masana tarihi. A yau shi ne Veliky Novgorod, Staraya Ladoga, Smolensk, Moore, Pskov, Derbent, Kerch.

Veliky Novgorod

A tarihin na zargin Novgorod Mai girma ne har yanzu ba a sani ba. Ainihin ranar harsashinsa Babu wanda ya sani. All game. Amma ganin cewa ya da wani ɓangare na tsohon birnin na Rasha - shi ne mai gaskiya. Kafaffen kwanan wata na Novgorod - 859 shekaru. Daga ta kalandar shekaru da kuma kasancewa babban birni. Yau da shi 1155 shekaru. Amma wannan ba daidai. Bayan duk, da shekara harsashinsa dauke da kwanan wata ake magana a kai a cikin da Nikon Chronicle: a wannan lokaci ya mutu Novgorod Dattijon Gostomysl. Saboda haka garin ya kwantar da yawa a baya.

Nestor na tarihin a cikin "Tale of bygone Years" rubuta game da tsoho biranen Rasha. Jerin, kira Laurentian, ya nuna cewa, kafin zuwa na Rurik (a 862) Novgorod ya dade wanzu. Mun kafa shi, bisa ga da Ipatiev Chronicle, ko da Ilmen Slovenes, wanda zaunar kusa da tafkin. Su suna da shi bayan da kansa - Ilmer. Sun kafa birnin da kuma kira shi Novgorod.

Cikin dukanin ta tarihi, Veliky Novgorod goguwa mai yawa events: ya kasance kuma da babban birnin kasar na Free State, da kuma aka kama da Moscow, Swedish, kuma Levonskimi shugabanni. Alexander Nevsky, Prince of Novgorod, rebuffed da Swedes a kan Neva a 1240 da kuma Knights na Teutonic Order - a 1242 a Lake Peipus.

Rasha tsohon birnin

Daga cikin ƙididdige wurare, wanda suna dauke da mafi tsufa, tare da duk halin kaka da kuma Staraya Ladoga. Masana tarihi nema da wannan shiri zuwa ga Sabunta karni. An yi imani da cewa wannan birni da aka kafa a 753. Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa shi ne daga Lake Ladoga da aka kira Rurik yin sarauta da kuma zama na farko da yarima a Rasha. Daga cikin arewacin birnin farmaki da makwabta da kuma castle sha wahala da halaka da kuma gobara. Amma a cikin karni na tara da aka ba kewaye da katako ganuwar da na dutse, Ya sanya daga farar ƙasa, kuma ya zama robust arewacin Ladoga sansanin soja - na farko a Rasha.

Abin da ake zamanin d biranen Rasha za a iya sa a daya lamba tare da Ladoga da Novgorod? Saboda haka ne Smolensk. A tarihin shi ne ma aka ambata a cikin 862. Ta hanyar da shi, kamar yadda ta hanyar Ladoga, wucewa a san hanya "daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa". Smolensk zama Moscow ta tsaro da kuma hana da yawa yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma fadace-fadace. Har yanzu kiyaye da wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin ganuwar da sansanin soja, wanda aka gina a cikin XVI karni kuma an dauki wani al'ajibi na USAID dabaru na lokaci.

Moore - babu kasa da tsohon birnin, wanda ya haifar kusan lokaci guda tare da Smolensk. Wannan birni ya zama haka ya kira daga kabilar Muroma, Finno-Ugric asalin. Ya ganinsu ne directed zuwa gabas: akwai akai barazanar hari. A Volga-Kama Bulgars, da Tatar-mangolawa. Wadannan tsoho biranen Rasha kamar yadda Moore, sha wahala m devastation da kuma shekarun da suka gabata na ba daya aikata. Kawai a cikin karni na sha hudu, an mayar, kuma a cikin farkon karni XV, Moore ya yi biyayya Moscow.

A tsohon birnin ne m, yadda zurfi cikin tarihin kasar, don haka akwai mutane da yawa tarihi wuraren: Rostov, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir. Amma akwai wani birni da cewa shi ne fiye da shekaru 5,000, kuma shi har yanzu wanzu a yau.

"Darband" - ƙunƙuntar ƙofa

Duk yadda mutane da yawa suna jayayya game da abin da birni a Rasha ne mafi tsufa, shi ne Derbent. Wannan shi ne yankin ƙasar da Jamhuriyar Dagestan, amma shi ne wani ɓangare na Rasha. Saboda haka Derbent - mafi tsohon birnin na Rasha. An located kusa da Caspian Sea: da bottleneck cewa ya kasance tsakanin Coast da kuma duwãtsu na Caucasus. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokacin da akwai wani shiri na Darband, akwai ba da Kievan Rus, ba da Rasha Empire. A tarihin Derbent aka ambata a matsayin farkon a matsayin VI karni BC. e., amma ƙauyuka sun taso kafin.

Yau kiyaye sansanin soja Naryn-Kala, wanda shi ne fiye da 2,500 years old, da kuma Juma Masallaci, gina a ƙarni na takwas. Derbent Dagestan sarrafawa corridor ta hanyar abin da Mai girma Silk Road. Al'ummai da yawa sun yi kokarin kai hurumin birnin, suka kutsa shi, ya lalace. A lokacin da dogon tarihi da kuma yawan Derbent samu sau da dama, da kuma dakushe. Tsaron gida Garkuwa - USAID tsawon kilomita 40 - aka kiyaye har mu kwana. UNESCO kungiyar gan Derbent mafi tsoho Rasha birane.

Crimean sashin

Amma akwai wani al'amari da ta sa da kansa sabawa al'amarin karkashin shawara: da koma Rasha na Crimean sashin. Saboda haka, a cikin jerin tsoho wuraren kara zuwa birnin Kerch.

An located a kan gaba daga cikin mashigar, a cikin gabashin ɓangare na Larabawa. An yi imani da cewa Kerch da aka kafa fiye da 2600 da suka wuce. A birnin kiyaye tsoho Monuments, tarihi abubuwa. A tono na archaeologists tabbatar da shekaru Kerch, wanda aka kafa ta mulkin mallaka na Ancient Girka.

Magana game da abin da tsoho biranen Rasha akwai a cikin yini, zai iya wuce mai dogon lokaci: wani babban kasa, da yawa ban sha'awa wuraren tarihi. Babban abu ne cewa tarihin kasar shi wajibi ne don koyi da tuna, da kuma zamanin da Monuments - kiyayye ga ƙarshe.