Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich - cosmonaut, Hero na Tarayyar Soviet

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich, wanda biography da aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin - cosmonaut, Kanar. Shi ne kwamandan "Soyuz-11", kuma orbital tashar "Salyut".

iyali

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich (iyalinsa zauna a Odessa) da aka haife Yuni 1, 1928 Ya kasance, ɗan'uwan Alexander. Uba Timofei Trofimovich, bar iyali a 1930, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban counterintelligence. Yi ritaya daga aiki a 1957, George uwa, Maria A., kiwon yara kadai. Ba isasshen kudi, da kuma ta dauki wani part-time aiki a wani gida kantin sayar da matsayin tsabtace. Sa'an nan, ya zauna a sayarwa harbi School. Brother Alexander aka haife shi a 1946. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai makaniki a trawl jiragen ruwa.

yara

Ƙananan yara, George Timofeevich tafi tono ramuka da courting rauni mayakan. Ya yi kokari ya samu shiga wasu partisan kungiyar, amma shi bai yi ba, domin ya kasance har yanzu matasa. Sa'an nan, tare da abokai, kamar matasa, sun yanke shawarar shirya da kansa. Mun sami wasu makamai. Inji mutane binne shi a cikin ƙasa, Pistols da kuma hannun da gurneti bar a gida.

Amma su suna sa ido saukar. By Dobrovolsky ba zato ba tsammani kai hari da 'yan sanda tare da wani search tushe da kuma samu da makami. George aka kama shi kuma yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 25 a kurkuku. Yafi saboda ko a lokacin da azaba ba su ba guda aboki. Kuma suna sãka, tun shirya ya mafaka. Kuma kasa da wata guda bayan da Odessa aka sami 'yanci daga Jamus ta Soviet sojojin.

samuwar

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich sauke karatu daga 6th sa tsakiyar makaranta a Odessa. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1941, yaki ya barke, da kuma binciken da na dan lokaci katse. A shekarar 1944, George T. farko nasarar wuce jarrabawa ga 7 da 8 azuzuwan da kuma shiga cikin 9th, aka sa'an nan canjawa wuri zuwa ga Air Force Special School. Ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1946 ya shiga soja Chuguyivske aviauchilische shekaru biyu daga baya. Bayan kammala karatu, a 1950, ya samu sana'a na jirgin saman soja matukin jirgi na biyu digiri.

Yana fara sabis a cikin Soviet Air Force. Dobrovolsky hada shi da kara ilmi. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Markisanci-Leninism. Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1952. Sa'an nan Gregory T. shiga Air Force Academy (yanzu da BBA su. Gagarin) for nesa koyo. Gama da shi, ya buɗe wani umurni-da-ma'aikatan sana'a.

Bauta a cikin rundunar sojojin

Tun da 1950, Dobrovolsky bauta farko sauki matukin jirgi. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya zama wani babban jami'in. Ya aka lasafta a cikin 965 rajimanti 123rd Fighter Air Tsaro Division. A shekarar 1952 ta shiga cikin 71 th Fighter Air Corps. Tun shekarar 1955, George T. aka nada mataimakin rundujar soja masu dawaki kwamandan kula da harkokin siyasa, da kuma a cikin kaka na wannan shekara - kwamandan. A shekarar 1960 aka nada co-direban da mataimakin. Rundujar soja masu dawaki kwamandan. A shekara daga baya ya nada shugaban sashen siyasa. A shekarar 1962, Dobrovolskiy cafe Timofeevich buga da lists daga cikin mafi kyau shugabannin iska links.

Ilimi a sama jannati

A shekarar 1962, bayan kammala karatu daga Air Force Academy, Dobrovolsky yi mashi wani likita jarrabawa a Jamhuriyar Research aviagospitale. Medical-shekara hukumar yarda Zatsepin cikin sarari. A shekara daga baya ya shiga rukunin 'yan saman jannati.

A Janairu 1963, wani] alibi ya shiga cikin na farko MSC. Sa'an nan da shekaru biyu da ya gudanar na musamman janar sarari horo. A tsakiyar Janairu 1965 George T. nasarar shige takardar shaida jannati Air Force kuma kwana goma daga baya ya zama wani jannati a karo na biyu tawagar.

Tun da farkon kaka 1966 Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich aka horar a cikin ƙungiyar. Training aka za'ayi a karkashin shirin flyby kumbon sama jannati "Soyuz 7K-L1" na da watã. Daga 1967 zuwa 1968. Shiri ga wani jirgin cikin sarari dade na musamman shirye-shirye "Diamond". A shekarar 1971, ya sa suna a cikin shirin a cikin "Ku gai da" jirgin a lokacin watan. George T. da kuma shirya domin post na shugaban, don maye gurbin shi idan ya cancanta. A wannan yanayin, Dobrovolsky gudanar da kwafi da cosmonaut ƙungiya daga "Soyuz-11". Wannan kungiyar hada Volkov da V. Patsaev.

The ƙungiya daga "Soyuz-11"

The ƙungiya daga "Union-11" An kafa a hankali. A karshen shekarar 1960 shi ya tashi a cikin sarari kawai mutane biyu a lokaci guda. Amma Amirkawa na farko kaddamar kawai uku. Tarayyar Soviet ta yanke shawarar ba ya jinkirta, kuma ya fara karba ƙungiya daga 3 rãyukansu ba. A core hada Leonov, V.Kubasov da P. Kolodin. A madadin - Dobrovolsky, yaron kuma kerkẽci.

A farko da kuma karshe jirgin Dobrowolski

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich, wanda matarsa ta haifa masa 'ya'ya mata biyu, ya tafi a kan bauta wa motherland. Yuni 4, 1971 wani taron da jihar Hukumar. Babban ƙungiya daga "Union-11" da aka maye gurbinsu da wani Kwafin. A dalilin - da Ɓoyo a cikin huhu na V. Kubasova. Ya umarci matukan jirgin Georgy Dobrovolsky. 6 ga watan Yuni, 1971 "Soyuz-11" tare da 'yan saman jannati uku da aka kaddamar a 7:55 am Moscow lokaci.

Kashegari, da jirgin ya amince dok da tashar sararin samaniya. Saboda haka da farko akwai wani manned bincike tashar a duniya. Dobrovolsky ƙungiya yi wata babbar adadin gwaji aiki na tashar da kuma tsarin gudanar da yawa karatu da kuma gwaje-gwajen. Sun bude up girma yiwuwa ga labarin kasa, meteorology da kuma binciken kasa, kazalika ga teku bincike albarkatu na Duniya da kuma ta ciyayi.

Jirgin dade 23 days. 18 hour. 21 min. da kuma 43 sec. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani m ban tausayi hadari da cewa kashe duk mambobi ne na balaguro. A lokacin da dawowar jirgin zuwa tashar sararin samaniya da Duniya tare da 'yan saman jannati na farko m da connection. Lokacin da "Soyuz-11" komai a fili daga cikin jirgin sama na ya samu gawarta.

Doctors zarar m dalilin mutuwar - zuciya tasha. Haka kuma, duk uku a lokaci daya. Don gane da dalilai daga baya. Kuma a sa'an nan nan da nan farfado da tawagar kokarin komawa 'yan saman jannati zuwa rayuwa. A mafi cewa yanayin jiki ne na al'ada. Amma da zuciya da kuma ba sanã'anta.

A sabili da mutuwar da aka samu daga baya ta hanyar deciphering "black akwatin". An gano cewa a tsawon 150 km faru depressurization. Matsa lamba fara fada sharply, kuma ya kusan sifili bayan 40 seconds. 43 minutes bayan na biyu depressurization duk uku 'yan saman jannati a lokaci guda tsaya zuciya.

Kamar yadda na aikin data, a cikin hanyar - untimely bude samun iska bawul. Kuskuren samu a kumbon sama jannati zane. Installers spun a kan shi, ball bawuloli, maimakon da ake so karfi 90 kg - duk tsakanin 60 da 65 kg. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani babban sake yi cewa ya yi aiki da bawuloli. Kuma ba su tsayayya da matsa lamba da kuma marmashe. The jirgin kafa rami diamita na 20 mm. 'Yan saman jannati na farko rasa sani a 23 ga watan biyu. Kuma riga sai ya tsaya da zukãtansu.

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich. Personal rai: matarsa da 'ya'yansa

George T. aka aure su Lyudmila Timofyevna. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malami. A George da kuma Ludmila 'ya'ya mata biyu. Da farko, Marina, har yanzu aiki a MSU. Yana - English malami. Na biyu ya - Natalia.

Lakabi da lambobin yabo

Dobrovolsky George Timofeyevich samu title of Hero da Soviet cosmonaut a 1971, amma bayan mutuwarsa. Ya aka bayar da "Gold Star" da kuma "Ga Soja yabo" da kuma Order of Lenin. A lokacin da sabis Georgii Timofeevich aka mika bakwai jubili lambar yabo. Daga shekarar 1972 zuwa yanzu, a cikin gasa a trampolining taka musamman kofin Dobrovolsky. Ya toka adana a cikin Kremlin bango.