Donskoy sufi a Moscow - tarihi, photos da kuma bayanin

Daya daga cikin mafi tsufa kuma mafi kyau gine-gine Monuments na 16-19 ƙarni a cikin babban birnin kasar. Yana Donskoi sufi. A Moscow, shi ne mai yiwuwa sanin kowa. Amma ga birni ne ban sha'awa baƙi da kuma amfani da bayanai game da abin da shi kansa ne, kuma yadda za a samu a nan.

Ina da shi ne?

Tarihi da abin tunawa ne da ban sha'awa sosai. Kuma inda ne Donskoy sufi a Moscow? Adireshi da wadannan: Don yankin, 1-3. Idan ka je nan da jama'a kai, shi zai zama mafi m don samun a kan jirgin karkashin kasa: da Kaluga-Riga reshe zuwa tashar "Shabolovskaya". Sa'an nan ya fita kuma ka kau da dama, tafi, ta hanyar Shabolovka titi da farko T-maha? Ar (rarrabawa tare da na farko wucewa ta hanyar Don). Sa'an nan dama sake, da kuma taba karkacẽwa, za tare sufi katangu. The main ƙofar makõmarsu daga Don yankin.

1. Manyan Cathedral.

2. Kananan Cathedral.

3. A kararrawa hasumiyar da coci da Zakariya, da Alisabatu.

4. Tikhvin Church.

5. Kitchen (XVIII c.).

6. Church of St. Ioanna Zlatousta.

7. Arhimandritskie bẽnãye (XVIII c.).

8. Church of Tikhon.

9. Church of St. Aleksandra Svirskogo.

10. Church of St. Ioanna Lestvichnika.

11. Sel.

12. tauhidin Seminary (XVIII c.).

13. Jam'iyya.

14. Fraternal sel (XVIII c.).

15. Chapel.

16. The Church Arhangela Mihaila.

17. Marasa lafiya Kwayoyin.

18. baranda. ginin.

19. Hoz. ginin.

20. A shinge na sufi.

21. The kabarin Levchenko.

22. Church of St. George Velikomuchenika Pobedonostsa.

23. The Church Aleksandra Nevskogo.

24. Shrine Prostyakov.

25. Tower da shinge.

26, 27. A ganuwar da Tower.

28. Tower shinge.

29,30. Tower bango.

31. Tower da shinge.

32, 33. A ganuwar da Tower.

34. Tower da shinge.

35, 36. A ganuwar da Tower.

37 Museum of soja kayan aiki.

38. High taimako tare da Cathedral of Kristi Mai-Ceto.

39. Arbor.

40. The mosaic icon.

41. The obelisk, a hanya alama.

Tarihi na yi

Shi ba a san daidai lokacin da Donskoy sufi da aka halitta. Mai masana tarihi ne karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa shi aka kafa a 1591. Sauran masana yi imani da cewa shi ya faru kadan daga baya: a 1592-93, bi da bi. Don sun tsira da labari daga cikin yanayi na harka ibada ɗari huɗu da suka wuce. A cikin marigayi 16th karni akwai mobile karfafa sojojin Rasha da aka located, ko, kamar yadda aka kira - "tafiya-gari". Wannan nomadic deg ayarin yana da wani sansanin coci, kafa a cikin girmamawa St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Babban shrine akwai Don Uwar Allah, wannan a matsayin labari ya ce, da wani babban m albarka Prince Dimitriya Ioannovicha yaƙi da Tartar-mangolawa, suka shiga tarihi a matsayin Battle of Kulikovo. Daga baya ta ba da sunan sufi da aka gina a nan ta Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich a 1593 a cikin girmamawa ceton da birnin daga Crimean Khan Gaza II Giray. A icon na Don Uwar Allah ya kiyaye har mu kwana. An ayi a Tretyakov Gallery. Tun Giray Khan aka hounded fita daga birnin ganuwar, fiye da farmaki mu babban birnin kasar Tatars. A Donskoy sufi a Moscow ya karshe mahada a wani tsaron gida zobe na birnin, tare da Novodevichy da Danilov sufi.

Zauna a tsufa

Ban sha'awa makomar wannan sufi. Kasance a cikin rayuwarsa da kuma shekaru na sakaci, shi aka yaxu da kuma lokacin da ya zama daya daga cikin wealthiest kuma mafi galihu gidajen lama na Rasha. A zamanin da matsaloli da ya kama da kuma ta kori Polish dakarun, ya jagoranci Hetman Chodkiewicz. Kan gaba 'yan shekaru nan ya ci sarauta kufai. Mayar sufi Romanovs: sarakunan Mikhail Fedorovich kuma Alexei Mikhailovich. Tun wannan lokacin, a fi so wurin salla Khalifai zama Donskoy sufi a Moscow. Adireshin shi ne da aka sani a duk Orthodox mutane. Ga aikata processions. Duniya sufi yada. Gina sabon dutse gine-gine. Makõmarsu aka zama daya daga cikin manyan, arziki da kuma girmamawa a kasar. A 1698, wani alwashi yar'uwar Tsar Bitrus I, shi ne mai kyau da sabon babban coci da aka gina a cikin girmamawa Don icon, wanda a yanzu ake kira mai girma. Don biyan kudin aikin gina da baitulmali na gidan sarki. A haikali ganuwar da aka yi wa ado. Su fentin sanannen Italian Antonio Claudio. Don wannan rana zauna a manyan sassaka 8-bene iconostasis tare da gumaka fentin a cikin style of "fryazhskie haruffa." Agusta 21 a wannan shekara da babban coci da aka tsarkake Lardi Tikhon. A daidai wannan lokaci, akwai aka gina wani bango da goma sha biyu hasumiya, kama wani shinge Novodevichy Convent. A 1712, a karkashin bagaden Big babban coci tsarkake cikin coci na Presentation Ubangiji. A kudi don ta yi bayar da wa Sarkin daya daga cikin yankuna na Jojiya Archil, wanda aka binne shi a nan baya, tare da 'ya'yansa maza. Wannan coci daga wannan lokaci ya zama binne wuri saboda mutane da yawa Jojiyanci al'adu da siyasa Figures. Bugu da kari, da Donskoy sufi, da kuma liaises da Ukraine. Saboda haka, a wannan lokacin sufi zama ba kawai a ruhaniya ha cibiyar, amma kuma a siyasa daya. 18th karni na sufi - wani zamanin wadata. Ya zama mai arziki mulkin gargajiya tattalin arzikin a lura da sararin ƙasar, kuma da yawa serfs. Akwai sabon gine-gine. Kafa wani m gine-gine gungu, wanda za a iya gani a zamaninmu. A necropolis aka gina. The sufi zama Allaha wuri na da yawa celebrities na zamaninmu. Neman gaba, wajibi ne a shardanta cewa a daban-daban sau da ya zama binne wurin Jojiyanci sarakuna Dawuda, da Matiyu, da Alexandra, Falsafa P. Chaadaev, kasida Kheraskov M. kuma A. Sumarokov, marubuci V. Odoevskogo tarihi V. Kliuchevskoi, m O. Bove , The artist Perov, marubuci Ivan Shmelev, Falsafa I. A. Ilina da Janar A. I. Denikina. A nan a 2008 aka binne shahararren Rasha marubuci Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Kuma akwai da hurumi na Donskoy sufi a Moscow a 1591. An yanzu zuwa kashi haihuwa da kuma sabon. Wannan za a tattauna a kasa.

Tashin hankalin a cikin kwanaki na fitina da annoba

A 1771, akwai faru da daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun a lokacin da ciki events. Muna magana ne game da kisan kai a sufi na Archbishop Ambrose. Wata mummunar lokaci - annoba haddin shari'a cikin ƙasa. Taso mai tsanani annoba, dauke da tafi dubban rayuka. Akwai wani ra'ayi da annoba da aka kawo Moscow daga Black Sea kasashen a lokacin da Rasha-Turkish yaki. Haka kuma cutar tasowa hanzari, rufe sabon ƙasa da kuma babban birnin kasar gida. Mace-mace ta ƙara da kowane wucewa rana. Mutane sun kasance a cikin wani tsoro. Makarar rasa. A kan titunan Moscow za a iya gani, da kuma marasa lafiya da lafiya da kuma matattu. Kuma gawawwakin sukan kawai jefa daga cikin gidaje. Suna kwance a kan titi. A irin wannan yanayi, da annoba da sauri nasara sabon yankuna. Doctors sau da yawa ba zai iya taimaka wa marasa lafiya. Mutane suka nemi mafaka cikin bangaskiya cikin Ubangiji. Mutane tara kullum a ƙofar jahili a kasar Sin-gari kusa da banmamaki icon na Our Lady of Bogolyubovo. Dukansu marasa lafiya da lafiya sumbace shrine, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da baza cutar. Archbishop Ambrose, na sane da wannan, dakatar jama'a da salla, kuma sosai icon umarnin cire. Bugãwa taron da safe sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa ga fasa da Chudov sufi a cikin Kremlin. Amma nan da nan da 'yan tawayen kai da Donskoy sufi, da ganuwar da tattara Ambrose. The hallaka 'yan tawaye da Akbishop, sa'an nan ya fara rushe gidaje da tsada da kuma rigakafi outposts. Kwana uku daga baya rare tawaye aka mur. A kan umarni na Catherine II Ambrose kisan gillar da aka aiwatar da rataye a kan Red Square. Annobar da ta dauki kusan 57.000 rayuwarsu.

A canje-canje na 19th karni

Ka tuna cewa a 1764 sufi samu matsayi stavropigialny. Wannan yana nufin cewa daga yanzu ya sallama zuwa ga Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista da da 'yancin da za a zabi Archimandrite. A cikin karni na 19th, da rabo daga cikin sufi sau da yawa canja da cika fuska. Wani sabon zagaye na yin tarihi na Donskoy sufi. A Moscow a 1812, ya ci sarauta kufai. Mutane da yawa mazauna wannan lokaci ya bar babban birnin kasar. Faransa, karkashin jagorancin Napoleon farmaki. Domin duk shi ya fili cewa makiya za su zauna cikin birni. Ba da da ewa shi ya faru. Don sufi da aka sace ta Faransa. Bugãwa wuta a 1812 a Moscow, ya hallaka mutane da yawa gidajen da al'adu Monuments. Amma nan da nan sai ya fara sake gina birnin. Kuma kerata sufi. A farkon karni a cikin sufi da aka located Ruhaniya idon kwamitin, koma baya a cikin Triniti-Sergius Lavra. Tun 1834 akwai wata makarantar addini, wanda horar da 'yan takara na seminarians, kuma tun 1909 - kuma a makaranta domin horar novices. Har ila yau a cikin sufi a lokacin akwai iconographic majalisar na su. Selezneva. Ga shirya painters yi aiki umarni. A kan ƙasa na sufi da aka gina da coci Arhangela Mihaila da Church of Ioanna Zlatousta. A kowace shekara a kan Agusta 19, a wannan zamanin da aka yi bikin ranar Don icon. A wannan rana, da procession daukan wuri a cikin sufi na ɗauka Cathedral na Kremlin. A halin yanzu akwai aiki zinariya kõre da nazarinsa. Mutane da suke so su fahimta ma'adanin na kõre da zinariya thread, kokarin samun da Donskoy sufi a Moscow. Reviews ce cewa kyakkyawa kayayyakin na gida Masters ne daukan hankali. A darussa a cikin studio don taimaka koyi da tsoho dabara na gyara man fuska, da zinariya, kõre da mai walƙiya, wanda tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da fenti da batutuwa na coci kayayyakinsa.

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin na 1917

Century 20 ya kawo da yawa daga gwaje-gwaje a cikin al'umma rabo. A juyin juya halin a watan Oktoba 1917, da gudummawar da Donskoy sufi a Moscow aka hukumance rufe. Duk da haka, da sabis cikin haikali nan ci gaba don wani lokaci. Next can suna located daban-daban Soviet cibiyoyin, kuma daga baya - da yara aiki mallaka. An sani cewa mutanen da suka kwace mulki a kasar a wancan lokaci, ba kawai ba yarda da limaman, amma kuma shirya da m tsananta a daga mũminai. A 20-ies a cikin ganuwar sufi ne anti-addini nuni. A kadan daga baya akwai ko da bude da ake kira anti-addini art gidan kayan gargajiya. A May 1922, ya aka kawo a nan sarki Tikhon a matsayin fursuna. A nan sai ya ciyar a mafi yawan lokaci ta ƙarshe. Duk da akai kama da m matsa lamba daga Soviet gwamnati, Tikhon shiryar da Church a cikin wannan wuya lokaci domin ta. Ya ya gudanar ya yi ga hadin kan Rasha mutane. Sarki ya yi kakkausar suka karbo daga Jihar coci dabi'u, da ake kira da aminci ga tsaya up for zage da kuma "raunana yanzu mu mai tsarki uwar." A Disamba 1924, a Tikhon, wanda ya rayu a cikin cell na Donskoy sufi, da aka kashe. Yana shiga biyu intruders to Mai Tsarki da kisan kai. Sun buɗe ƙofar faduwa wa Yakov Polozov. Ya aka kashe maharan. A shekara ta 1925, Tikhon fadi da rashin lafiya kuma ya rasu a watan Maris a Gaske Shelar. St. Binne ya faru a cikin Kananan Cathedral. Neman gaba, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a shekarar 1989, Tikhon aka canonized. A shekarar 1964, reshe na Research Museum of Architecture. Shchusev aka juya Donskoy sufi. A Moscow, babban mahada shi aka located a kan Vozdvizhenka. A shekarar 1946, da Kananan majalisa sake maido da sabis. A shekarar 1991, sufi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Moscow Patriarchate. A daidai wannan lokaci, akwai wani qeta sa wuta Kananan Cathedral. A lokacin gyara aiki a cikin shakka daga tono kayayyakin tarihi na St. Tikhon da aka samu. Su aka sanya a cikin wani gilded ciwon daji da kuma mayar da su cikin Grand Cathedral, inda ake adana wannan rana.

The gine-gine da gungu

Ga za ka iya zaɓar da wadannan:

• Manyan babban coci. Yana halitta a 1686-1698 shekaru girmama na Don Icon na Uwar Allah. Daban-daban gine. Shi ne mai manyan biyar-domed gallery a kan kewaye.

• Kananan Cathedral. Gina a 1591-1593 shekaru girmama na Don Icon na Uwar Allah. A style of guda-gangarawa Haikalin Rasha gine na XVI karni.

• Church of St. Alexander Svirsky. Located gabas na Great Cathedral. Gina a 1796-98 shekaru a Count N. A. Zubova kudi a kan kabarin mahaifinsa, tsohon Sanata lokacin da yake rayuwa. Yana da wani haikali-kabarin HALITTAR hakora. An tsara a cikin gargajiya style, kazalika da yawa gine-gine a yanzu hada da Donskoy sufi. A Moscow, photos na rotunda za a iya gani a cikin nune-nunen da shahararrun masu daukan hoto.

• Church na Tikhvin Icon na Uwar Allah. Gina a 1713-14, bi da bi. Located a arewacin ƙofar sufi.

• Church Arhangela Mihaila. Shekara na yi - 1714. dake a cikin kusurwa na kudancin sufi. Shi ne kakannin binne wuri na Golitsyn iyali.

• Church of St. Ioanna Zlatousta. Gina V. P. Gavrilovym, V. D. Sherom kuma M. P. Ivanovym da m AG Vincent a 1888-1891 shekaru. Sanya a cikin Byzantine style. Shin binne Pervushin. Located in arewacin sufi, wanda aka rufe a hanya.

• Gate kararrawa hasumiya. Shekaru da gine - 1730-53. Located a kan yammacin ƙofar.

• Church of St. Tikhon. Kafa a 1997. Yana tsaye a shafin na tsohon gidãjen Aljanna novices. Ƙananan coci ne da kabarin na Shevchenko iyali.

• The Church of Alexander Nevsky. Wannan shine tsarin zamani da ginin. Gina a 2006.

• albarkar ruwa da kyau. Wadannan kwanaki ba amfani saboda da unsuitability na ruwan sha.

• Chapel. Halitta a cikin marigayi 19th karni girmama na banmamaki ceto daga gidan sararta a lokacin da wani jirgin kasa hatsari a kan Oktoba 17, 1888. located waje sufi. Har zuwa yanzu, da rashin alheri, ya ba tsira.

Duk da cewa a yanzu da ke sa wannan mazauni mai tsarki ne a gare mu. Donskoy sufi a Moscow - mu al'adu da kuma ruhaniya al'adunmu cewa ya kamata a kare.

The sufi necropolis

Wannan ginin da bautar da wani babban ɓangare na ƙasa da sufi. Yana fito a cikin marigayi 17th karni. NM Karamzin, a cikin littafinsa "History of Rasha Jihar" yana nufin cewa da hurumi na Donskoy sufi a Moscow a lokacin da shi ya binne wuri na aristocratic Elite da kuma m, fatake. A necropolis Monuments iya saduwa da irin wannan iyali da aka sani da Grushetsky, Vyazemskys, Golitsyns, Trubetskoy, et al Cherkasskys. Yana samu ta karshe wurin hutawarka, da yawa shahararrun marubuta, masu kasida, 'yan siyasa, masana kimiyya da kuma gine-ginen. Daga gare su, AP Sumarokov, P. Ya. Chaadaev, M. M. Heraskov, V. I. Maykov, V. O. Klyuchevsky, da sauransu. A cewar jita-jita, a cikin necropolis da aka binne mutane da yawa sanannun Figures na White motsi (P. N. Krasnov, KV Rodzaevsky G. M. Semenov da dai sauransu). Ga kaburbura na dangi A. S. Pushkina: Uncle Basil L., 'yar'uwar Sophia da Paul ta ɗan'uwansa, kaka da goggonninka da'. A lokacin da danniya nan a manyan motoci carted gawawwakin wadanda aka kashe ko azaba a cikin Lubyanka. Ga suka cremated. Akwai shaida, ba tabbatar da takardu, cewa necropolis na Donskoy sufi a Moscow, shi ne kabarin da tokar M. N. Tuhachevskogo, V. K. Blyuhera, A. V. Kosareva, M. N. Ryutina, Meyerhold da yawa wasu. Akwai kuma sabon kaburbura. Saboda haka, a 2000, muna reburied tokar marubuci I. S. Shmeleva, a shekarar 2005 - da Falsafa I. A. Ilina da Janar A. I. Denikina. A shekara ta 2007, mun koma nan da ya rage daga Lieutenant-Janar na White motsi V. O. Kappelya. A watan Agusta 2008, akwai huta sanannen Rasha jama'a adadi da kuma marubuci A. I. Solzhenitsyn. Don biya haraji ga wadannan mutane ta ziyartar kaburbura, da kowa da kowa iya. Address: Moscow, Donskoy sufi. Yadda za a samu a nan, an bayyana a sama.

Memorial fari sojoji

A Kabarin da aka bude a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2009. Ga aka binne mutane da yawa sanannun gwagwarmaya na White Movement: Janar AI Denikin da matarsa, Janar V. O. Kappel da kuma Falsafa I. A. Ilin da matarsa. halittar abin tunawa aka qaddamar da shugaban kasar Rasha Putinu V. V., wanda, tun deplorable binne White generals, umurni da yin wani sabon headstone. Next Vladimir Vladimirovich da kaina dubawa da aikin a kan tunawa da na'ura, da kafa sabon almara faranti. Kamar makonni biyu da ta dauki masana domin ta yi. Monument ne wani karamin yanki da biyar dutse tombstones. A cikin bude rana ya aka tsarkake sarki Kirill. Shugaban ya gabatar da jawabi a gun bikin bude taron na hadin kai na Ukraine da kuma Rasha. Saboda haka ya zama da Donskoy sufi sake ha cibiyar tsakanin biyu 'yan'uwa mutane a Moscow. Hotuna da tunawa da aka gabatar a nan.

Wuraren bauta Donskoy sufi

A Moscow, akwai mutane da yawa tsoho gidajen ibada, janyo hankalin mu tare da kyau. Me ya daraja ziyartar wannan? Nan za ka iya ganin wadannan wuraren bauta da kuma bauta musu:

• Don icon na Uwar Allah. Yana da wani ruhaniya dutse mai daraja na sufi na babban darajar. A cewar labari, ta Sergiy Radonezhsky albarka Prince Dmitry Donskoy a cikin yaƙin da Tatars. A farko ambaci shi Dates zuwa tsakiyar 16th karni. Hoton da aka yanzu kiyaye a cikin Tretyakov Gallery. Amma a kowace shekara a kan Satumba 1 a wani biki, an jẽfo, zuwa cikin Donskoy sufi da wani sashe daga cikin sabis.

• A m kaya daga Tikhon, adana a wani gilded ciwon daji a nan a cikin Great Cathedral.

• Our Lady "Theodore" da kuma "The Shu'umcinku". Don biya caffa ga wadannan wurare masu tsarki, da yawa mũminai so ziyarci Donskoy sufi a Moscow. wadannan gumaka suna dauke su banmamaki.

• List Don image na Virgin. Wannan wasika daga Simon Ushakov a 1668, ta hanyar mu'ujiza tsira a lokacin da wuta a 1991. Ado da wani musamman inuwa.

• Dokar icon na St. Nicholas. Adana a cikin kabari Levchenko.

• A kabari faduwa wa wanda ya yi aiki da saint Tikhon, Yakova Polozova. An located kusa ganuwar da Kananan Cathedral. Wannan Yakubu buɗe ƙofofin Kwayoyin maharan da suka zo don kashe Archbishop Tikhon. A sakamakon haka, Yakubu da aka kashe.

sufi haikalin aiki. Parish bukatar Donskoi sufi a Moscow faruwa a kai a kai. Akwai kuma shiryar da Tours shirya.

Don hurumi "Old"

Yana bayyana a cikin 1591. Hurumi aka located a kudu maso yammacin Moscow. Its yanki ne game da 13 kadada. Ga su da aka binne shahararren 'yan siyasa, masana kimiyya, da marubuta, da Decembrists, mahalarta a cikin War of 1812. By farkon karni na 20th, ya zama overcrowded. Saboda haka ya zama dole su shinge da wani babban yanki na kudancin bango na sufi, domin fadada da kan iyakoki. Saboda haka akwai wani hurumi, wanda aka mai suna "New". Yana yana da kansa ƙofar. A gabashin bango na "haihuwa" hurumi, za ka iya ganin babban reliefs, wanda aka cire daga Cathedral of Kristi Mai-Ceto da kuma za su sami ceto daga hallaka. Kaburburansu, kamar wadanda a nan yau ba. Duk wanda ya nemi su ziyarci sufi Dmitriya Donskogo a Moscow da kuma "haihuwa" hurumi a kan karkararta, shi da amfani san cewa shi ne bude daga 08,00 sa'o'i to 18.30 sa'o'i kullum.

Don hurumi "New"

Yana da aka kafa kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a cikin marigayi 19th karni. Kafin juyin juya halin a watan Oktoba 1917, da "New" hurumi na Donskoy sufi da aka binne wurin yafi masana a cikin Moscow, farfesoshi, masana kimiyya, daban-daban da jami'an. A shekara ta 1927 a nan shi aka sanye take da farko a cikin babban birnin kasar columbarium da crematorium. Don sun tsira da shirin gaskiya shaida cewa V. I.Lenin a 1918 da umarnin sayan kasashen waje kayan aiki domin kona gawawwakin. A shekara, mafi tsanani a lokacin yakin basasa, yanzu gwamnatin ta sanar a gasar ga mafi kyau aikin na crematorium. Ba da da ewa wannan ma'aikata da aka gina a nan. An sani cewa, kawai sojojin da suka mutu a asibiti a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, aka cremated babu kasa da 15 000. A zurfin da hurumi tsaye a stele a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da duk azabtarwa da kuma kashe a cikin shekaru na danniya. A gawawwakin mutane daga Lubyanka da Lefortovo kawo nan daga daruruwan manyan motoci da za a ƙone. A halin yanzu, da gargajiya binne wurin nan, binnewa urns a cikin ƙasa, a cikin gida da kuma waje columbarium.

Muna da wani saba da gine-gine Tsarin cewa yin up da Donskoy sufi a Moscow. Map su wuri da aka kuma gabatar a nan.