Duralumin - shi ... Duralumin: abun da ke ciki, Properties, farashin

Duralumin - wani abu da dogara ne a kan m aluminum da alloying abubuwa, wanda hada a cikin abun da ke ciki na narke ya canjãwa da kaddarorin na karfe. Soft da hur aluminum yakan mallaki kaya juriya, yayin da rikewa duk da abũbuwan amfãni daga wani tsantsa kashi.

mai haɗari samu

Duralumin - shi ne wani aluminum gami da kananan adadin na jan karfe, wanda aka shekarunsu a wani zazzabi a wucin gadi yanayi. The abu da aka ƙirƙira a 1903 da Alfred Wilm, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya a cikin Jamus factory. A lokacin da gwaje-gwajen da aka lura da wani abin kwaikwaya, tabbatar da dogon kwarewa. Ya samu cewa idan gami da aluminum da 4% jan karfe, sa'an nan taurara da sakamakon abu a zazzabi na + 500 ° C, bi da m sanyaya kuma rike a dakin da zazzabi ga dama, kwanaki, da samu karfe tare da high ƙarfi dabi'u, yayin da tsare da roba Properties babban kashi.

A m shekaru, da gami da aka shirya tare da manyan yawan Additives cewa kara da ƙarfi daga cikin abu. A halin yanzu mataki na Anodized aluminum - a high ƙarfi gami, wanda, dangane da nau'in, iya hada jan karfe, magnesium, silicon, tutiya da sauransu.

tsarin

Inji Properties na duralumin nuna high rates - har zuwa 370 MPa (ƙarfi daga m aluminum - 70-80 MPa), abin da ya sa kayan bukaci a da yawa masana'antu filayen. Aluminum gami da sinadaran abubuwa a wasu rabbai bambanta halaye na da sakamakon abu. A tushe gami kunshi classic rabbai sinadaran.

Duralumin tsari ne kamar haka:

• Copper (Cu) - 0.5% na jimlar nauyi.
• Manganese (mn) ne 0.5% gami.
• Magnesium (MG) - 1,5% total nauyi.
• Silicon (Si) - 1,2%.
• Iron (Fe) ne game da 0.1% na abun da ke ciki.
• Aluminum (Al) - asali kashi.

The main iri gami

Akwai da dama iri gami, wasu fiye da na da halaye.

To, ta yaya za a iya sanya na anodized aluminum (abun da ke ciki, ligatures da kuma ingancin)?

• Aluminum + manganese (Al + MG), aluminum + magnesium (Al + mn), na biyu sunan "magnaly" - halin da juriya ga lalata, high yi soldering, waldi. An talauci yanka. A gami da qagaggun ba hõre ƙarin hardening. A kayan amfani da su yi wani fetur bututu, radiators, tankuna domin dalilai daban-daban, a yi aiki, da kuma sauransu. D.
• Aluminum + manganese + silicon (Al + MG + Si), gami da aka bai wa sunan "Avial". A Properties na wannan abun da ke ciki duralumin - lalata juriya, lightness da ƙarfin da welds, lafiya hatsi. Hardening faruwa a zazzabi na + 515-525 ° C da m sanyaya a ruwa (+ 20 ° C) for 10 days. Babban aikace-aikace - kayayyakin amfani a high zafi yanayi, da samar da kayan, sassa, kayan aiki a jirgin sama, mota masana'antu, a cikin 'yan Avial maye gurbin tsada karfe a cikin cikakken bayani na wayoyin hannu da sauransu.
• Aluminum + jan + manganese (Al + Cu + MG), ko duralumin, - a yi abu, dangane da bukatar samun karshe Properties, da adadin kowane alloying kashi iya bambanta. A gami da ya samu aikace-aikace a cikin jirgin sama masana'antu, Aerospace masana'antu, domin yi na high-gudun jiragen kasa ( "Peregrine") da sauransu. A hasara na gami shi ne ta lalatattu rashin zaman lafiya. Duralumin takardar bukatar sosai anti-lalata magani, wanda aka yafi yi ta yin biyayya ga farfajiya na tsarki aluminum.

aikace-aikace

Duralumin - shi ne babban abu ga jirgin sama da kuma sarari masana'antu. A farko aikace-aikace na jirgin sama ya faru a 1911 a lokacin da gina airships. A 21st karni akwai fiye da dozin brands na hur da kuma m abu. Don cikakkun bayanai jirgin sama sau da yawa amfani da iri D16T, wanda ya hada da tara da karafa kamar titanium, nickel, da dai sauransu, Kuma da ligature aka hada na jan karfe, silicon, magnesium. The adadin aluminum a cikin gami yana da iyaka ga misali ciki - 93%.

Ba duk gami ake duralumin amsa da kyau zuwa waldi, don haka da yawa kayayyakin sanya tare da rivets da sauran iri fasteners. Babban masana'antu amfani da kayan ya zama aeronautics, mota, inji kayan aiki. Amma ba kawai babban fasahar amfani duralumin, misali, na amfanin jiragen sanya daga wannan abu bauta wa fiye da shekaru 20, da kuma tare da mai kyau kula da kuma rigakafin - da ma ya fi tsayi.

A Shipbuilding sanya daga wani abu ba kawai hulls, amma kuma babban adadin ciki sassan jiki, raka'a. Bututu sanya na duralumin, m-walled da kuma bakin ciki-hananna, ana amfani da ko'ina daga gidaje da kuma zamantakewa sadarwa zuwa gas bututun. Birgima zanen gado da amfani a ginin constructions.

Amfani ko rashin amfani

Duralumin - wani gami dangane da aluminum, wanda, a matsayin wani abu yana da abũbuwan amfãni. Daga cikin su:

• High rates na tsaye da ƙarfi.
• Long sabis rayuwa.
• Low shigewa wa ga halaka.
• Resistance zuwa yawa lalatattu muhallin, inji, thermal effects.
• Adaptability zuwa Weld aiki (aluminum a tsarkake form talauci m zuwa waldi seams).
• A manyan yawan aikace-aikace.

Akwai daya babbar drawback, wanda yana da wani duralumin - shi ta daukan hotuna zuwa lalata lalacewa. Duk abubuwa da kayan dole m aluminum sanye ko rufi da wani share fage, hana rusting.

farashin

Sayi abu ne mai saukin ganewa, kudin kafa dangane da bangaren abun da ke ciki. Mafi yawa daga cikin shuke-shuke da cewa samar da wadanda ba ferrous karafa, nuna aluminum. A farashin dogara a kan al'amurra da dama, musamman a kan irin samfurin, juz'i, bayarwa da sauran yanayi. A takardun rakiyar manufacturer zamar masa dole ya saka da kashi na gami, bisa ga Gost, yi.

Cost na kayayyakin daga duralumin (Area, da sarewa, da takardar) yana farawa daga 580 rubles da kilogram. Tare da karuwa a cikin ikon yinsa, daga wadata farashin da ton na gami bututu ne game da 510 dubu rubles. Dural da'irori fara a farashin daga 250 rubles da kilogram. Circle - alama ce workpiece abu, wanda giciye sashe ne a da'irar mai sãɓãwar launukansa a size, da samfurin tsawon shi ne 3 mita.