Duwatsu na da Baikal nadawa: misalai

Duk da ma'aunan kasa tarihi na Duniya (game da 4.5 biliyan shekara) ne a kewaye a cikin wani kankanin geochronological tebur harhada da masana kimiyya. A wannan lokaci, suka raba da tafi nahiyoyi da kuma tekuna sun sauya matsayi. A surface na duniya tamu kafa tuddai, sa'an nan, an halaka su, sa'an nan a inda suke tashi a sabon dutsen jeri - ko da girma har ma mafi girma.

Wannan labarin ya mayar da hankali a kan daya daga cikin farko epochs na Duniya nadawa - game Baikal. Har yaushe shi dade? Wanne dutsen jeri sun taso a wannan lokacin? Kuma abin da suke duwãtsu na Baikal nadawa - high ko low?

A zamanin da Earth nadawa

Dukan tarihin da dutsen gini a kan wannan duniya tamu da aka raba da masana kimiyya a cikin al'ada lokaci, wani lokaci, da kuma kira su nadawa. Mun yi shi da farko don saukaka. Hakika, babu karyewa a cikin samuwar ƙasa ta surface ya ba ta kasance.

Jumillar adadin irin wannan lokaci a cikin tarihi na duniya tsaye a waje shida. A mafi tsufa nadawa - Archean, da kuma latest - mai tsayi, wanda ya ci gaba a yau. Aka jera a kasa ne duk ma'aunan kasa nadawa na Duniya, a shekara-shekara domin:

• Archean (4,5-1,2 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce).
• Baikal (1,2-0,5 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce).
• Caledonian (500-400 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce).
• Hercynian (400-230 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce).
• Mesozoic (160-65 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce).
• Mai tsayi (miliyan 65 shekaru da suka wuce zuwa yanzu rana).

Geomorphology Tsarin da aka kafa a ko dai dutsen gini shekaru da aka kira daidai da - Baikalides, Hercynides, Caledonides da dai sauransu ...

Next muke so, daki-daki cikin shahararrun duwatsu na Baikal nadawa. Gaya mana inda suke located da kuma yadda za a duba azahiri.

Baikal Musulunci: na shekara-shekara tsarin da janar halaye na zamanin

A zamanin orogeny duniya, rufe da zamani daga 650 zuwa miliyan 550 shekaru na ilmin tarihin kasa tarihi (Riphean - Cambrian), fiye da ake kira da Baikal nadawa. Yana fara game da 1.2 biliyan shekaru da suka wuce, kuma ya ƙare game da miliyan 500 da suka wuce. Sashen zamanin da aka mai suna bayan Lake Baikal, kamar yadda yake a kudancin Siberia da aka kafa a wannan lokacin. Kalmar da aka farko amfani da Rasha a fanning binciken kasa Nikolai Shatsky a cikin 30-ies.

A Baikal nadawa, nadawa saboda da kunnawa da matakai na volcanism da granitisation a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi, kafa yawan sabon yanki Tsarin a jiki na duniya tamu. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, irin wannan tarbiyya tashi a kan karkata daga zamanin d dandamali.

Hankula duwãtsu Baikal nadawa za a iya samu a kan ƙasa na Rasha. Wannan, misali, Khamar-Daban dutsen iyaka a Buryatia da Timan Ridge a arewa. Ta yaya suka duba externally? Duwatsu na da Baikal nadawa zai zama babban ko low? Bari mu amsa ga wannan tambaya.

Ta yaya ne Baikalides

Baikalides aka kafa a dogon lokaci da suka wuce. Ko da bukatunsu na yanki lokaci. Saboda haka ma'ana cewa mafi yawan su yanzu ne a wani dilapidated yanayin. Ga miliyoyin shekaru, wadannan Tsarin an hõre aiki denudation an halaka su da iska, hazo, zazzabi canje-canje. Saboda haka, duwãtsu na Baikal nadawa ne low ko tsakaita a tsawo.

Lalle ne, Baikalides altitudes wuya wuce 2000 mita saman teku matakin. Wannan za a iya sauƙi gani, idan muka kwatanta da jiki da kuma tectonic maps na Duniya. A cikin ma'aunan kasa da tectonic maps of duwãtsu na Baikal nadawa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, alama da shunayya.

Duk da haka, da tsoho Baikalides a wasu sassa na duniya da aka partially gano (rejuvenated) daga baya mai tsayi tectonic ƙungiyoyi. Saboda haka, misali, shi ya faru a cikin Caucasus da kuma Turkey.

Tare da ma'aunan kasa Tsarin na Baikal nadawa fi hade gagarumin reserves na ba-ferrous karafa. Saboda haka, a cikin su aka shirya da arziki adibas na Mercury, tin, tutiya, jan, kuma tin.

Duwatsu na da Baikal nadawa: misalai

Sashen tsarin na wannan zamani da ake samu a sassa daban daban na duniya. Su ne a Rasha da Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkiya, India, Faransa da kuma Australia. Baikalides located a kan gaba na Bahar Maliya da kuma partially rufe ƙasar Brazil.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa Kalmar "Baikal nadawa" ne na kowa ne kawai a cikin kimiyya wallafe-wallafe na post-Soviet sarari. A wasu ƙasashe, wannan zamani ne ake kira daban. Saboda haka, misali, a kasashen Turai da shi a cikin lokaci dace Kadoma da Assyntian nadawa, Australia - Luinskaya, Brazil - Brazil guda sunan.

A cikin Rasha cikin shahararrun Baikalides dauke geomorphology tsarin:

• Eastern Sayan.
• Khamar-Daban.
• Baikal Mountains.
• Yenisei Ridge.
• Timan Ridge.
• Patom tsaunuka.

Baikal duwãtsu nadawa a Rasha. Baikal Mountains

Sunan wannan dutse range ne baƙi da sunan epoch da muke nazari akai orogeny. Saboda haka, yana za mu fara da babban halayyar Baikalides Rasha.

Baikal Mountains kẽwayesu tasa na Lake daga arewa maso yammacin gefen. Shi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin Irkutsk yankin da kuma Buryatia. A total tsawon na kunya ne kilomita 300.

A arewa na yanki tsarin ya ci gaba da gani Ridge Akitkan. A matsakaicin tsayi da wannan Baikalides Range tsakanin 1800-2100 mita. Tsororuwar da kunya - saman Cherskogo (2588 m). Dutsen da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga geographer, wanda ya yi babban taimako ga nazarin yanayin da Baikal yankin.

m Sayan Mountains

Eastern Sayan Mountains - mafi girma dutsen iyaka a kudancin Siberia, mikewa kusan kilomita dubu. Zai yiwu mafi m tsakanin Baikalides Rasha. Tsororuwar kai 3491 Gabas Sajana mita (Mountain Munch-Sardyk).

Gabas Sayans hada da farko na da wuya crystalline dutse - gneiss, quartzite, amphibolite da marmara. A ta zurfafa gano manyan adibas na zinariya, haƙar da graphite. Ya dauki mafi kyau gabashin kakar da dutsen fuska, mai lakabin da yawon bude ido Tunkinskie Alps.

A mafi ɓullo da (cikin sharuddan orographic) Gabas Sajana tsakiyar rabo. Ya ƙunshi wani babban dutse massifs, wanda aka halin da subalpine ciyayi da kuma wuri mai faɗi irin. A cikin Eastern Sayan tartsatsi kurums. Wannan ne mai babbar yanki na dutse adibas, kunsha na m da wani ɓaɓɓake daga kankara na daban-daban masu girma dabam.

dutsen Byrranga

Byrranga - daya mafi ban sha'awa duwãtsu na Baikal nadawa. Suna located a arewacin Taimyr Larabawa. Duwatsu akwai jerin mutum ridges, undulating tuddanta, kuma plateaus, zurfin canyons kuma mai karko ƙullunku kwaruruka. A total tsawon dutsen kewayon - game da 1,100 kilomita.

"Akwai wani mulki na mugayen ruhohi, da na dutse, da kuma kankara kome more" - don haka ya rubuta game da wadannan wurare Nganasans, wakilan daya daga cikin 'yan asalin mutanen Siberia. A farko tsara da duwãtsu Byrranga Rasha Explorer Alexander Middendorf.

Wadannan duwãtsu ne sosai low. Ko da yake sun duba kyawawan m kamar yadda aka located dama a kan teku. Matsakaicin tsawo na wani batu ne kawai 1146 mita. The taimako na wannan dutse range ne sosai bambancin. Nan za ka iya ganin m da m gangara, lebur da kuma nuna kololuwa, kazalika da wata babbar dama kankara siffofin.

Yenisei da Timan Ridge

Baikalides sani da Rasha, za mu gama da bayanin biyu ridges - da Yenisei da Timan. A farko daya ne located a cikin Tsakiya Siberian Plateau , da kuma kawai a wasu wurare, fiye da dubu mita tsawo. Yenisei Ridge hadaddun tsoho da wuya kankara - conglomerates, shales, sandstones da tarkuna. A tsari ne mai arziki a cikin tama, haƙar da zinariya.

Timan Ridge ne ayi a cikin arewacin kasar. Yana lullube daga Barents Sea kashe bakin tekun da ke dab da Ural Mountains. A total tsawon dutsen kewayon - game da 950 km. Boules bayyana weakly a sauƙi. Mai tashe ta tsakiyar ɓangare, wanda shine mafi girman aya - Chetlassky dutse (tsawo na kawai 471 m). Kamar sauran tsarin da Baikal nadawa, Timan Ridge ne mai arziki a cikin ma'adanai (titanium, haƙar agate, da dai sauransu).