Einstein ta postulates: kayan koyarwar da kuma abubuwa na musamman ka'idar

Our duniya domin ta zama ta gani mai girma adadin baiwa! Lissafa su daga ko'ina cikin duniya za a iya ci gaba har abada. Akwai wata babbar lamba na axioms, theories da shiriritar a kan abin da kimiyyar zamani. Great zukatan duk lokacin, sahu a kan wani tubali da kafuwar kimiyyar lissafi. Wadannan sun hada da Einstein postulates, Lorentz canji, Archimedes axiom, da Pythagorean Theorem, Heron ta dabara da yawa wasu. Kowane sabon samu entailed wani m tashin hankali da kuma nuna alamar nasara a wani takamaiman wuri. A cikin wannan labarin, duk da hankali za a mayar da hankali a kan Einstein ta postulates.

biography Einstein

Albert Einstein aka haife kan 14.03.1879 a birnin Ulm (Jamus), a wani Yahudawa iyali. Mahaifinsa, tare da 'yan'uwanmu co-masu da kananan shuka don samar da shaƙewa na gashinsa ga matasan kai da kuma kyãwãwa.

masanin kimiyya uwa zo daga wani fairly m daular, Trading a masara. Riga ni da wani iyali mutumin Albert mahaifin bude wani kamfanin domin sayar da lantarki kayan.

A cikin fall na 1896 a Polytechnic Institute a Switzerland, Einstein ya gana da wani dalibi daga Serbia, Mileva Maric, wanda zai daga baya zama matarsa.

Future masanin kimiyyar haka so don samun Swiss dan kasa, wanda wannan watsi da Jamus. A karshen ya ya iya cimma a 1901

Duk da basira da kuma damar iya yin komai fice, ya komowa shekaru biyu a search na aiki, ko da starved na yanke ƙauna, amma ba ta gushe ba don shiga cikin jiki kimiyyar.

Hali na wasu don Einstein ayyukan

Masana kimiyya da dama a lokacin tunanin Einstein ma m, kamar yadda suka haye fitar da wasu muhimman ilmi a cikin wannan yanki. Wasu daga cikin mafi girma da hankalinsu daga cikin karni, har yanzu yanke shawarar zuwa tsaya ga gargajiya theories, yayin kokarin samun madadin su ɓãta postulates Enshneyna, amma fuskanci gaskiyar cewa su ba m, a yi.

Postulates na Einstein ta ka'idar dangantakar sun kasance dalilin da ya gabatarwa ga Nobel Prize. Amma irin wannan juyin juya halin Musulunci ka'idar kadan firgita Nobel kwamitin haka dogon suka ba su ba shi wannan lambar yabo. Amma a shekara ta 1922, ya duka guda da aka girmama don ta yi aiki a kan photoelectric sakamako.

Mutuntakar da masanin kimiyyar

Albert an bude, m, m, kaffa da m mutum. Abokansa lura da shi mai girma da walwala da annashuwa.

Ya musamman kaunace music yawa na 18th karni. Sam san yadda za a yi wasa da goge, wanda ya ko da yaushe kiyaye ga kansa.

Einstein ya kai-m hali zuwa aikinsu, ko da yaushe furuci da kuskure, ko da a cikin jama'a. Taba zama kunyar abin da za a iya kuskure, ladabi shan la'akari da ayyukan wasu malaman, ya bai yi haƙuri game da rashin adalci.

Albert Einstein aka bayar yawa lambobin yabo da kuma fitattun abubuwa, ciki har da posthumously.

A cikin girmamawa, mai suna raka'a photons, da wani sinadari mai №99, karamin asteroid, ya gano a cikin 1973, a dakin motsa jiki, wani Observatory, ma'aikata, likita kungiyar, titi da kuma, ba shakka, da awards - lambar yabo da lambobin yabo.

ban sha'awa facts

1. A mafi grandiose na Einstein ta taimako an dauke su da ka'idar dangantakar. 'Yan mutane san, amma tare da shi a kan shi ma ya yi aiki da masanin kimiyyar (Jamus kabila) David Hilbert. Za ka iya har ma sun ce sun yi aiki a jummai, kamar yadda ko da yaushe sa in touch da kuma raba bayanai a cikin binciken. Kammala lissafai na dangantakar ka'idar da suka gabatar kusan lokaci guda, amma bai yi haka a sosai hanyoyi daban-daban. Da farko, da yawa sun natsu da cewa Gilbert ya iya cimma wannan sakamakon kusan mako guda a baya, amma daga baya ya gabatar da jama'a na Alberta, wanda ya tafi duk laurels da kuma karrama. Duk da wannan, a cikin marigayi 20th karni, m lissafin da records na Hilbert da aka samu, saboda abin da ya bayyana da cewa ya iya kawo ka'idarsa zuwa karshen ba tare da riga aka buga bayanai. Ko da yake masana kimiyya kansu, wadannan muhawara ba amfani.
2. Einstein ya iya ci gaba da irin wannan firiji, wanda ba ya bukatar wutar lantarki, aiki na musamman a kan low-ikon heaters. A 1930 ya sayar da lamban kira ga kamfanin "Electrolux", amma suna, da rashin alheri, ya ba fara samar da irin wannan kayan aiki.
3. FBI na United States of America ĩmãni Einstein Soviet leken asiri, saboda haka duk abin da yake da alaka da shi, aka bi da matsananci tsõronsu. By karshen rayuwarsa a kan hamayyar kunshi 1.5 dubu zanen gado.
4. Pacifist Einstein tambayi Roosevelt game da lalata da atomic bam. Ya aka yamar, la'akari da shi ma m m.
5. Kafin mutuwarsa, Einstein yi aiki mai yawa a kan aiwatar da ka'idar da hadade filin. Wannan shi ne, cewa da taimakon daya daga cikin manyan kuma unequivocal lissafi domin su kirkiro da kuma sa tare da hulda da 3 main sojojin: electromagnetic, gravitational da makaman nukiliya. Zai yiwu Einstein ya iya yin gano tafarkin, amma, alas, ya ƙone wadannan ayyuka. Yanzu zuriyar iya kawai yayata abin da ya sa'an nan ya iya zo.

Babban taimako ga ci gaban kimiyyar lissafi

Einstein ta postulates - master key zuwa da bayani na da yawa jiki mamaki. Aikace-aikace na masanin kimiyyar ya ba da babbar farko domin kara raya kimiyya da canja tsarin kula da nazarin sararin samaniya da kuma lokaci. Sun kasu kashi biyu iri: da postulates na Einstein ta ka'idar dangantakar da manufa na haƙuri na gudun haske. Wannan shi ne wani sabon gaba daya da kuma yau, iyalinsu irinta ra'ayi a kimiyyar lissafi.

Einstein ta farko da hakan

Ya ce game da haƙuri da na halitta dokokin da su lissafai kwatanta wani canji rahoton wasu inertial tsarin zuwa wani.

The dokokin da iri jihar na jiki tsarin ba gaba daya nauyaya irin wannan al'amari kamar yadda su wanda na 2 motsi dangi zuwa juna daidaita tsarin, wadannan sun hada da damuwa.

A sauki sharuddan, shi ya bayyana da motsi na daban-daban inertial reference tsarin ko motsi jiki gawarwakin motsi a dangane da juna a wani m gudun. Lokacin da jiki daya (da tsarin) musanyãwa traektorii ko gudun, a wannan lokaci na janar dangantakar shafi (general dangantakar), kuma ba daya ba kuma sauran jiki (tsarin) ya kamata ba za a dauke a matsayin tunani tsarin.

Na biyu hakan

A gaba kawo Einstein hakan: gudun haske samuwa a karkashin injin unambiguous a duk inda kuma ba ya canza a gudu karkacewa daga haske Madogararsa motsi daga farko darajar. Bisa ga wannan ƙarshe shi ne cewa gudun haske ne iyakance kuma shi ne m la'akari da rahoton na inertial tsarin.

Wannan ban mamaki ka'idar cewa gudun haske ga dukan sauran mutane, a cikin abin da hanyar da suke motsa, shi ne daidai da wannan (magana zuwa wasu ancillary yanayi), take kaiwa zuwa ɓullo da a baya-canje na tsarawa da kuma lokaci H.Lorentsa a lokacin mika mulki daga asali inertial firam zuwa wani sabon wanda shi ne m game da farko.

Ba kamar Lorentz, wanda ya gan su dabarbari a matsayin ba na gaskiya ba, kuma ƙagagge, Albert Einstein ya kawo su a cikin sakamako a zahiri.

Wannan aiki a matsayin wani mafari na samun muhimmanci ga kimiyya lissafi haxe da taro M, da kuma bugun jini makamashi E P: E ² = M × c ^{4 2} + P ² × ^2.

Ina c = gudun haske. Kuma da lissafi kanta za a iya kira daya daga cikin na farko da ake bukata kafun ga aikace-aikace da makamashin nukiliya.

Postulates na Einstein ta musamman ka'idar dangantakar

Musamman dangantakar ne mafi muhimmanci jiki ka'idar sararin samaniya da kuma lokaci. Einstein ta postulates na SRT ne babban tushe na zamani kimiyyar lissafi da kuma fasaha. Suna dogara ne a kan da yawa m binciken masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Abubuwa na musamman ka'idar dangantakar (Einstein ta postulates) ana kiransa relativistic ka'idar, da mamaki da shi ya bayyana - relativistic sakamako. Wannan ne mafi kyau gani a lokacin da motsi jikuna a gudun tafiyar kusa dana gudun haske a cikin injin c ne 3 × 108 m / s. Wadannan Einstein ta postulates an halitta a 1905

A musamman ka'idar dangantakar shafi kawai idan gudun abubuwa zauna canzawa da motsi ne uniform. Lokacin da sabawa ko dai gudun ko hanyar da dokokin tashoshin kawai kawai daina aiki. A wannan yanayin, yi amfani da janar ka'idar dangantakar.

Albert Einstein - mai kara kuzari ga bunkasuwar kimiyya da lokaci

A nuna na 19th kuma 20th ƙarni da kimiyya na kimiyyar lissafi ya cikin wani mawuyacin halin da ake ciki. Hanyar fita daga gare ta ya da kin amincewa da gargajiya Einstein ta view of sarari da kuma lokaci. Abin da sau daya da jũna bayyanannu, kuma a bayyane yake, a gaskiya - shi ne m! Postulates Einstein ya tabbatar da cewa da dabi'u da kuma Concepts dauke a cikin wadanda ba relativistic kimiyyar lissafi constants, adjoin da sallama da dangi ka'idar.

Duk na sama postulates Einstein ya ba da babbar impetus ga ci gaban kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin kimiyya. Ya cikakken cancanci kyautar Nobel da kuma na kasa da kasa fitarwa!