Engineer - me ke cewa sana'a. Bayanin aiki da nauyin da Engineer

Yau, a duk faɗin duniya ne Popular ofishin aiki. Kuma yau yara ne Masani game da wanda fassara, lauyoyi, masu bayar da shawarwarin da shirye-shirye, amma, da rashin alheri, ba kowane yaro ne saba da aikin injiniya da sana'a. Mun bayar a yau don ƙarin koyo game da shi.

Tarihi na sana'a

Sunan wannan sana'a zo daga Latin kalmar "ingenium", wanda aka fassara a cikin Rasha na nufin "da ikon ƙirƙirãwa." watau m - wani mutum wanda ya haifar da wani abu sabon karkashin karfi.

A babban impetus ga ci gaban da sana'a da aka kore ta soja al'amura. Yana kawai don haka ya faru da cewa mutane suna neman a farko wuri da dama wajen tabbatar da aminci da rayukansu. Saboda haka, injiniyoyi sun yi hade da fada motocin har zuwa 16th karni.

Bayan wani lokaci, na fara fito fili na Civil Engineers, wanda aka kallafa tare da gina gidaje, gadoji, hanyoyi da kuma sauran daban-daban abubuwa.

A Rasha, na farko kwararrun yi kasuwanci ya bayyana godiya ga Bitrus Mai girma, wanda ya aiko da talented matasa zuwa karatu a kasashen waje.

Muhimmancin sana'a

A gaba dayan girma na bukatar injiniyoyi, ba za ka iya kawai designate a cikin wannan jumla. Wannan zai iya magana ba karshe. Bayan duk, suna da hannu a dukkan fannoni na rayuwa. Ba tare da injiniyoyi ba zai iya yin wani daya sha'anin, daga shuke-shuke da abinci aiki shuke-shuke zuwa hadaddun soja samar.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, sana'a aikin kunshi wani iri-iri ayyuka, wanda bayani na bukatar wani analytical hankali, da ikon tunani abstractly.

A halin yanzu rana, injiniya - wani mutum wanda yana da babban matakin da bayar da horo, wanda yana shirye ya yi lyuboyu kungiya ko m aikin don magance matsalar.

Ina zan iya samun sana'a da m?

Ilimi a cikin wannan filin da aka gudanar a kusan kowane musamman ma'aikata na mafi girma ilimi, musamman idan yana da wani masana'antu mayar da hankali. Mai manyan cibiyoyin ilmi jirgin kasa injiniyoyi wani musamman ayan kunkuntar specialization. A general, akwai uku main yankunan da horo:

• Zane, wanda ya hada da ci gaban da daban-daban kida, gine-gine da siffofin, da tsare-tsaren, da dai sauransu
• Tattalin arziki, wanda Bashir Ibrahim shiri na daban-daban samarwa makirci.
• Kociya.

mutuntakar

Wannan sana'a ne ba ga kowa da kowa, saboda m - wannan shi ne da farko a alhakin mutum, wanda dole ne su iya yin yanke shawara da kuma jira kome su sakamakon. Saboda haka, abin da halaye ke da muhimmanci ga mutanen da suke son samun wannan sana'a da kuma aiki a cikin wannan yanki:

• Da fari dai, wannan ma'ana daga manufar. Ba tare da wannan muhimmanci halaye zai zama da wuya sosai don ci a cikin aikin injiniya filin.
• Sarari kwatanci. Ba za mu iya cewa shi ne ya zama tilas, amma wannan zai yi da ingancin rayuwa da sana'a aiki sauki kuma mafi m.
• Dabara, domin ba tare da shi da m kamar yadda ba tare da hannuwanku.
• Kerawa a cikin fasaha filin.
• Kungiya ikon, saboda ƙarshe da m - wani kociya matsayi.
• Ilmin Lissafi ikon, ko horo da kuma aikin ba zai zama fun.
• High gabar alhakin sakamakon aikinsu.

iri-iri fannoni

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da injiniyoyi da hannu a cikin sassa daban-daban da kuma wurare daban-daban na masana'antu tafiyar matakai. A wannan yanayin, da suka yi sosai daban-daban ayyuka da kuma yadda ake gudanar. Saboda haka, abin da babu specialization a cikin sana'a:

• Engineer. Ya tattara bango bayanai game da aikin, shirya da aiki wajen samar da takamaiman fasaha mafita, ke taka rawa a warware batutuwa da dama a kan aikin zane, da dai sauransu
• Engineer don aiki kariya. Its manufa shi ne don hana hatsarori a wurin aiki. Ya tabbatar da cewa wadannan dukan dokokin da dokokin aiki kariya a sha'anin.
• Fasaha injiniya ko, mafi kawai, da fasaha. Wannan sana'a ne sosai na kowa. Masana harkokin fasahar suna aikata wajen samar da shirya makirci na samar da tsari. Har ila yau, aikinsu hada da zabi daga cikin manyan kayan aiki da kuma ta aiki. Irin gwani ma kai tsaye iko da kisa da aikace-aikace.
• Software m - wani gwani a fagen software da kuma kwamfuta kayan aiki. Da nauyin da hada da ci gaban shirye-shirye, Algorithms da kuma ilmin lissafi model.

Ribobi da fursunoni na aikin injiniya da sana'a

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa a rayuwarmu akwai shakka mai kyau kaya. Wannan mulki ya shafi sana'a dauke. Domin a farkon duka guda Ina son a dubi kyau gefe ko ribobi kasuwanci injiniya:

• Domin kwararru da masana'antu a can ne mai babbar bukatar, wanda shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu saduwa saboda da yawa daga wurare, amma mai kyau isa kuma m sandarka.
• Kusan duk wani aikin injiniya matsayi zai yiwu aiki da kuma na sirri girma.
• Good albashinsa.
• Ban sha'awa da kuma bambance bambancen aiki.
• Damar sa ideas cikin real abubuwa.

By fursunoni sana'a sun hada da:

• Haduwar koyarwa a mafi girma ilimi.
• Babban matakin alhakin.
• Wani lokaci yana da wani datti aiki ko aikin a wani ba sosai shirya dakin.

m Nauyi

Mafi yawan da aka ce a sama, amma har yanzu suna tambayoyi. Alal misali, bayar da ya gano, abin da daidai tsunduma injiniyoyi. za ka iya daukaka kara zuwa baƙi ko musamman doka takardun don samun ƙayyadaddu. Akwai za ka iya samun sosai cikakken bayani game da dukan ayyukan da wani gwani. Alal misali, daya daga wadannan dokoki da shafi mambobi ne na sana'a, wani bayanin aiki m. A ƙarshe daga cikin aikin kwangila da wakilan da sana'a, lalle zã zama saba da shi.

Ba tare da faruwa a cikin cikakken bayani, general nauyi ga aikin injiniya zane sana'a da kuma fasahar su ne kamar haka:

• Yi daban-daban ayyuka a cikin filin na kimiyya da fasaha da ayyukan, yi, da dai sauransu ta amfani da daban-daban kwamfuta kayan aiki.
• Development of kullum, da shiriya da takardun, fasaha takardun.
• Hannu a cikin ayyukan bincike da ci gaban, shirye-shirye, kayan aiki, da dai sauransu
• Tanadi aikace-aikace, umarni, takardunku, maps, zane-zane, da dai sauransu
• Organization na aikin kimiyya da fasaha ma'aikatan.
• Samar da biyu methodological kuma m taimako a cikin aiwatar da tsare-tsaren, yarjejeniyar, da kuma ayyukan shirye-shirye.
• Aiwatar da jarrabawa na duk takardun, kulawa da kuma iko da kayan aiki da yafi.

The wajibi m umarnin

Daya daga cikin disadvantages na wannan sana'a ne a gaban babban adadin dokoki da ka'idoji kana bukatar ka sani. A bayanin da ake buƙata aka jera a cikin wani daftarin aiki da ake kira "The wajibi m umarnin", wanda yake shi ne irin "fasfo" sana'a. Yana iya a samu:

• Janar tattalinsu, wanda cikakken ƙayyade dukan aiki na aiki tsani. Har ila yau, na samar da cikakken jerin dokokin takardun da dokoki da ya kamata ka sani.
• Ayyuka, wanda aka tattauna a sama, bukata wajibi kisa.
• Rights yake kunshe a cikin sana'a a majalisu matakin.
• Nauyi, wanda daukawa injiniya for unperformed aiki da kuma m, domin lalacewar dukiya, domin kowane irin laifi, da dai sauransu.