Filonov zane-zane, biography na artist

An yi fice wakilin Rasha avant-garde Pavel Nikolaevich Filonov daga farkon XX karni zama da aka sani da marubucin na musamman, hikimar tantance zanen. A labari ne ya karfi da hali, wanda ya faru artist unshakable imani da ingancinsa ya binciken, ya kamu da wani ra'ayi tare da aiki da kuma zuhudu asceticism a rayuwa.

Aikinsa - wani ɓangare na tarihin avant-garde zanen. A wannan hoton Filonov - wani sabon abu remarkably asali, wanda ya zama sakamakon da msar tambayar aukuwa sana'a wanda ya sanya watakila mafi muhimmanci na daga cikin gado ne.

farko

An haife shi a 1883 a cikin wani matalauci iyali na baƙi daga Ryazan manoma suka koma a cikin search na mafi rayuwa a Moscow. Mahaifina ya a coachman, uwa - laundress. Wahayi zuwa gare ta zanen, Paul zarar ya gane cewa zanen ne ya lifework.

Bayan firamarensa a cikin Ikklesiya makaranta a Moscow, ya sauke karatu daga cikin shakka a zanen da zanen bita a 1901 riga a Petersburg. Akwai, bayan da suka kasance sunã marayu, ya koma baya ta 'yar'uwarsa, wanda aka yi aure.

Aikin zane-zane, ya kawo wani suna fadin samun kudin shiga, wani lokacin yiwuwa a sami wani pictorial yi. Saboda haka, da artist tuna da hannu a cikin zanen bangon wasu m Apartment, kuma a cikin maido da kyau images a kan Dome na St. Ishaku Cathedral.

A layi daya tare da wadannan azuzuwan Filonov halartar jawo azuzuwan a "Society for da ƙarfafawa da Arts," da kuma kokarin samun shirye su shiga cikin Academy of Arts. A farko ƙoƙari - a 1903 - wani rashin cin nasara, da kuma Filonov ke da zaman studio Dmitrieva Caucasus ya ci gaba da m ilimi.

A 1908, ya zama mai sa kai a Academy, amma bayan shekaru biyu, da son rai da ganye, ba gano fahimtar juna a tsakanin furofesoshi saboda ma peculiar ra'ayoyi kan art.

The artist-bincike

Hikimar tantance tsarin kula da pictorial image nuna riga farkon zane-zane na Filonov kira "Head" (1910), "Man da kuma Woman" (1912), "Biyu mata da Riders" (1912), "Gabas da Yamma" (1912). Bã su da wani karin halayyar da master jawo images daga sa na walƙãwar Kwayoyin, amma wannan shi ne a fili m ayyukansu.

Akwai masu sana'a fasaha don bayyana ra'ayin, kawai a kaikaice alaka da abubuwa, wanda yake cike da hoton. Don sãɓãwar launukansa digiri waɗannan ayyuka da artist tambayi tambayoyi game da zamani al'umma, ya rasa dalili kuma da kar su gazawan zuwa nan gaba tunkaro.

Shubuha ta da artist ta zane-zane na Filonov ta "idin Sarakuna" (1912-1913) an fatalwa ta da masu bincike na aikinsa ya zuwa yanzu. A sarari mai cike da Figures da ciwon bayyane Littafi Mai Tsarki allusion mythological haruffa sama sikelin.

Yana cike da m allusions kuma m links. An dauke da mafi m hoto na master, yayin da yarda tare da bayyana annabci halaye. Garwaye sarakuna da banza, is located a kan karagu, da suke da damuwa abun da ke ciki baƙi tare da jama'a yanayi kafin yakin duniya na farko. A al'ada idi Sarakuna Filonov har abada ne kuma shi ne ya dace domin kowane tsawon lokaci.

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Haife a kan Hauwa'u na duniya hargitsi a duk duniyoyin da harkokin rayuwar jama'a, Pavel Filonov, wanda zane-zane ne bayyananne ainihi a cikin tsari da kuma a gabar ɗammãni, - ɓangare na overall m tsari, kuma ba kawai a Rasha.

Ya taka rawa a cikin ayyukan da m ƙungiya "Union of Matasa", daga baya hada hannu da kasida-futurists, ciki har da Vladimir Mayakovsky da Velimir Khlebnikov. A tattaunawa da Cubists, daga karshe ya ƙaddara da akida constructions na m duniya - da hikimar tantance art.

A 1912 Filonov daukan tafiya ta Faransa da kuma Italiya, motsi, kamar yadda ya sanya shi, a kan ƙafãfu da kuma samun wani mai rai a matsayin laborer. Ya samun Mai ƙididdigewa ga wasiyya daga cikin manyan Masters na baya da kuma tare da sababbin-fangled trends shahara, m rai na Turai. A farko zane-zane ta hanyar Picasso da sauran Cubist da ya gani, a tsakiyar avant-garde art - a Paris - da kuma sa su nasa ra'ayi.

Filonov ta msar tambayar wasiyya

A hali zuwa wani m kuma na sosai analysis - wannan ya ko da yaushe aka bambanta Filonov. Ya zane-zane - shi ne sun fi mayar da wani wanda aka samu da irin wannan bincike, da kuma a cikin tarihi na art zauna, da kuma ka'idojin aikin na master.

Alal misali, a cikin labarin "The Canon da dokar", da ya yi magana mai kauri kima na samun lashe tafi Cubism da Cubo-Futurism, kuma a cikin manifesto "Made zane-zane" yana kokarin kirkiro wani ra'ayi na ta hikimar tantance tsarin kula da zanen.

Kamar yadda ya rubuta a cikin matani Filonov artist, Picasso da mabiyansa da wannan aibi-gefe view of gaskiyar cewa gargajiya da labarun almara. A gaske dangane da yanayin abubuwa da kuma na ciki duniya na wani mutum ba su isa saboda gwada yawa iyakance m wajen da kuma hanyoyin. Da damar da idan aka kwatanta da wani inexhaustible iri-iri na halitta da kuma kaddarorin tunani ne scanty.

Domin a mafi daidai hulda da yanayi, sababbin dabaru, da ya shafi yin amfani da dukan arsenal na ruhaniya mutumin da mahalicci. Manufar - don ƙirƙirar zane-zane da kuma zane ta wajen wani m da kuma iko mutum aiki, aiki a kan kowane barbashi, kowane zarra.

Freedom kuma Diversity

Na asali ga artist, zane-zane da Filonov abstractionist da ma fi girma muhimmanci a lokacin da ya bayyana a cikin matakin da ya sana'a basira. The Legacy da master, akwai hotuna, rubuta a wani gargajiya, na gargajiya style. Mafi yawa da suka dace da 'yar'uwarsa, da mutanen kusa da su.

A cikin fall na 1916, Filonov ke yaki - Pavel aka hada da aika wa talakawa Rasha-Romanian gaban. Ya zauna a can har sai 1918, lokacin da, bayan kawar da gaban artist koma zuwa Petrograd, riga a karkashin sabuwar gwamnatin da aka rayayye da hannu a cikin aikin.

Taken yakin duniya na II za a iya gano a cikin aikin da masu bincike kawai, ya halicci yi shiri, da kuma bayan dawowarsa daga gaban hoto Filonov cika da mabanbanta abun ciki, ko da yake su ne ba da wani lokacin apocalyptic motifs.

A gwagwarmayar da wani sabon art

Kamar sauran shugabannin Rasha avant-garde, Filonov bukata post-neman sauyi lokaci ganin su fãtan ga haifi wani sabon art, ba a ɗaure da wani taron gunduma. An hannu a cikin halittar Cibiyar Artistic Culture (INKhuK), kuma ya kasance wani farfesa a Academy of Arts, yana kokarin rike ta reorganization ta fuskar zamani. Babban abu shi amma zafin da kuma aiki tukuru a cikin studio, shi ne "School of Art hikimar", kafa ta shi a shekara ta 1925.

Filonov almajiran sun kasance game da wani samari ɗari artists wanda shared ya views bayyana a cikin "duniya ci gaba jawabi" (1923) - babban msar tambayar aiki na master. A da shi, ya furta da wanzuwar sararin duniya na mamaki, wanda ba zai iya gane da "ganin ido", amma suna samuwa ga "idanu Masani." A zamani artist dole gani wannan daban-daban gaskiya, gabatar da shi a cikin wani nau'i, suke ƙirƙirãwa.

Mutane da yawa dalibai ba zai iya tserewa rinjayar makamashi da cewa radiates hotuna Filonov, kuma ya fadi a cikin wani m kwaikwayo, amma akwai wadanda da ra'ayin na master zama mai iko kayan aiki ga nasu m bukatun.

picturesque dabara

Filonov a 1927 tare da dalibai ado ciki bugu gidaje, samar da shimfidar wuri da kuma kayan zane staging na litattafan Gogol ta "The gwamnatin Sufeto", na aiki a kan littafin da littafin "Kalevala", da dai sauransu

Amma babban ɓangare na artist ta rayuwa ya kasance da wuya aiki a kan sabon zane-zane. Da sadaukar wa ra'ayoyi da kuma kai musu a wasu farin ciki, da sauransu, kamar yadda ya saba a wani m yanayi, ya fusata.

Daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ayyukan halitta a cikin 20-30s, da yawa zane-zane, wadannan dabarbari: "Formula na Petrograd Proletariat" (1921), "Formula na Spring" (1927), "The dabara na mallaka" (1925), da dai sauransu Yana yake duk da haka wani tabbaci na amincewa da nazari zanen, wanda har ƙarshen ya kwana zauna artist Filonov.

Zane-zane "Narva Gate" (1929), "Animals" (1930), "Faces" (1940) - wannan taswirar duniya cewa shi ne iya ganin kawai wani horar da ido na a gaskiya artist.

"Filonovschina"

A samfurori da artist don ƙirƙirar gaskiya cewa akwai dabam daga harsh gaskiya, da hukuma mai zargi da akida hukumomi na cewa lokaci gani, a mafi kyau, wani yunkurin kubuta daga fronts na gwagwarmayar da wani haske nan gaba, kuma a mafi mũnin - wani m kokarin rushe da hadin kai da sojojin da magina na kwaminisanci. A hankali, da artist Pavel Filonov, wanda zane-zane sun kasance haka kadan kama da zamantakewa hakikanci samfurori zama wani jẽfaffe.

Don tabbatar da aminci ga ideas na proletarian juyin juya hali, ya rubuta wani 'yan zane-zane a kan "dama" labaru: "Ma'aikata zakarun a factory" Red Dawn, "" (1931), "The tarakta shuka" (1931), amma shi ba ya taimaka - ya ne hana abincinsu, an hõre warewa da kuma baiting.

A rabo daga cikin mayen, za ka iya kiran ban tausayi (ya mutu daga ci a watan farko na kewaye, Disamba 3, 1941), idan ba su tuna da babbar posthumous daraja da ta zo da shi a cikin wani more benign sau. Yau, ayyukansa mai daraja a matakin duniya mafi girma Masterpieces, kamar yadda sunan fili ranked a cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin tarihi na pictorial art.