Gaba Theory of Systems na Ludwig von Bertalanffy da sauran sciences

Austria masanin kimiyya-halitta, wanda yake zaune a Canada da Amurka, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, a 1937 a karon farko sa a gaba da dama ra'ayoyi, wanda daga baya ya hade a cikin guda ra'ayi. Ya kira shi "The janar ka'idar tsarin." Mene ne wannan? Wannan kimiyya ra'ayi nazarin daban-daban abubuwa dauke a matsayin tsarin.

Ainihin ra'ayin na samarwa ka'idar shi ne cewa da dokokin hukumar da tsarin abubuwa - daya, guda domin daban-daban tsarin. Shi ne gaskiya ce cewa, babban ra'ayin Bertalanffy aka aza ta daban-daban malamai, ciki har da Aleksandrom Aleksandrovichem Bogdanovym, Rasha Falsafa, marubuci, dan siyasa, likita, a cikin na asali aiki "Tectology", rubuta ta da shi a 1912. AA Bogdanov ya rayayye halarci juyin juya hali, amma a mutunta mutane da yawa suka sãɓã wa jũna da VI Lenin. Oktoba juyin juya halin bai yi ba, amma, duk da haka, ci gaba da hadin gwiwa tare da Bolsheviks, ya shirya na farko a cikin abin da aka sa'an nan Rasha Cibiyar jini da kuma sa a kan wani likita gwaji. Ya mutu a cikin 1928. 'Yan mutane suna sane yau cewa a cikin farkon karni na ashirin Rasha masanin kimiyya da physiologist VM BEKHTEREV ko da AA Bogdanova, ya bayyana fiye da 20 a duniya a dokokin a filin na ruhi da zamantakewa tafiyar matakai.

Janar tsarin ka'idar karatu da daban-daban, tsarin, tsari da matakai, su aiki da kuma Raya, kungiyar na gyara tsarin da matsayi da matakan, kuma mafi. Bertalanffy ma diddigin abin da ake kira bude tsarin da musayar free makamashi, kome da bayanai tare da yanayi.

Janar tsarin ka'idar a halin yanzu gudanar da bincike irin wannan tsarin-fadi da dokoki da ka'idoji, kamar da jarrabawa na semiotic cin gaba, da manufa na feedback, ƙungiya cin gaba, interoperability, yardatayya da karin dangantakar, dokar requisite iri-iri, matsayi diyya manufa monocentrism dokar m, dokar kalla zumunta juriya , external Bugu da kari manufa na recursive Tsarin Theorem, da dokar da sauran bambance-bambance.

A halin yanzu gwamnati na kimiyya game da tsarin gare Bertalanffy. Janar tsarin ka'idar sosai kama ga dalilai na gudanar da bincike, ko kuma hanyoyin da cybernetics - da kimiyya na dokokin general na management tsari da kuma aika da bayanai daban-daban a tsarin (inji, nazarin halittu, ko zamantakewa). bayanai ka'idar - wani reshe na lissafi da kayyade manufar bayanai, ta dokokin da kaddarorin. wasan ka'idar, bincikar da lissafi gasar biyu ko fiye da sabani cikin sojojin domin ya sami matsakaicin riba da kuma m asarar. yanke shawara ka'idar, da nazarin m zabi tsakanin daban-daban zabi. factor analysis, ta amfani da hanya na kasafi na dalilai a cikin mamaki da yawa canji.

Yau, da general tsarin ka'idar Yana samu wani iko da samar da kuzari ga ta ci gaba a samu hada hannu a. Prigogine da Haken gudanar da bincike nonequilibrium tsarin, dissipative Tsarin da tabarbarewa a bude tsarin. Bugu da kari, ka'idar Bertalanffy ware irin aiyuka kimiyya tarbiyya kamar tsarin aikin injiniya - da kimiyya na tsarin shiryawa, zane, kimantawa da kuma zane na tsarin na form "mutum-inji". injiniya tunani. filin ka'idar hali Lewin. Ayyuka Research - da kimiyya na kula da gyara na tattalin arziki da tsarin (mutane, inji, kayan, kudi, da dai sauransu). SMD-hanya, wanda aka ci gaba da GP Shchedrovitskii, abokan aiki da kuma dalibai. ka'idar na game individuality W. Merlin, tushen abin da aka fi mayar dauke sama da janar ka'idar Bertalanffy tsarin.