Galvanic cell: zane na aiki manufa, da yin amfani da

Domin chart cell, shi wajibi ne don gane manufa da yake gudanar da ayyukansa, da tsarin fasali.

Masu amfani da wuya kula da baturin da baturin yayin da wadannan ikon kafofin su ne mafi mashahuri.

Chemical kafofin

Mene ne wani galvanic cell? A makirci dogara ne a kan ta electrolyte. The na'urar hada da wani karamin ganga, wanda shi ne wani electrolyte SEPARATOR abu adsorbed. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da kewaye na biyu galvanic abubuwa presupposes da cathode da anode. Mene ne sunan wannan mai galvanic cell? A kewaye haxe biyu karfe kwakwalwa gaba da kasancewar wani redox dauki.

A na farko electrochemical cell

Yana tabbatar da wanzuwar biyu faranti ko sanduna sanya daga daban-daban karafa, wanda aka nutsa cikin wani karfi electrolyte bayani. A aiki na electrochemical cell, da anode hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari ne da za'ayi a hade tare da na'urar tasiri.

A cathode - sabuntawa, tare da tallafi na korau barbashi. Akwai canja wuri na electrons ta hanyar wani waje kewaye da oxidant na reductant.

MISALI electrochemical cell

Domin yin lantarki na electrochemical Kwayoyin, shi wajibi ne su san da darajar da misali lantarki m. Nazari embodiment jan-tutiya galvanic cell aiki a kan tushen da makamashi sake a lokacin da dauki na jan karfe da tutiya sulfate.

Wannan electrochemical cell, da kewaye wanda za a bai kasa, ake magana a kai a matsayin wani kashi-Jacobi Daniel. Yana hada da wani jan karfe farantin, wanda aka nutsa cikin wani jan karfe sulfate bayani (jan lantarki), kuma shi kunshi wani tutiya farantin, located in ta sulphate bayani (tutiya lantarki). A mafita tuntube juna, amma domin kauce wa su hadawa kashi amfani da wani bangare, Ya sanya daga wani porous abu.

manufa na aiki

Yadda cikin electrochemical cell, da kewaye yana da siffar Zn ½ ZnSO4 ½½ CuSO4 ½ Cu? A lokacin da aiki, a lokacin da wutar lantarki kewaye da aka rufe, akwai wani tutiya karfe hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari.

A da lamba surface tare da brine lura hira kwayoyin halitta a cikin cations Zn2 +. A tsari yana tare da a saki "free" electrons, wanda motsawa ta wani waje kewaye.

A dauki abin da ke faruwa a tutiya lantarki, za a iya wakilta kamar haka:

Zn = Zn2 + + 2e-

Farfadowa da na'ura na karfe cations ne da za'ayi a wata jan lantarki. Korau barbashi cewa fada a nan tare da tutiya lantarki, suna a hade tare da cations na jan karfe, precipitating su a cikin nau'i na karfe. A tsari ne kamar haka:

Cu2 + + 2e- = Cu

Idan muka ƙara biyu halayen, tattauna a sama, an samu sauran lissafi kwatanta aiki na tutiya-jan galvanic kashi.

A tutiya ayyukan matsayin anode lantarki, da cathode ne da tagulla. Modern electrochemical Kwayoyin da batura unsa da amfani da daya daga cikin electrolyte bayani, wanda yana faɗaɗa da ikon yinsa, daga aikace-aikace, yin su aiki mafi dadi da kuma dace.

Iri na electrochemical Kwayoyin

Mafi na kowa ne dauke da carbon-tutiya Kwayoyin. Su yi amfani da wani m carbon halin yanzu tara tuntužar da anode, wanda abubuwa a matsayin manganese oxide (4). Ammonium chloride electrolyte da ake amfani a manna form.

Ya ba gudu, don haka ya kira wani galvanic cell bushe. Its alama ne da ikon zuwa "warke" a lokacin aiki, wanda gaskiya ma rinjayar da duration na tabbatarwa lokaci. Irin wannan electrochemical Kwayoyin ne m, amma low ikon. A ƙananan yanayin zafi da suka rage ingancinta, kuma idan aka hankali kara electrolyte bushewa.

Alkaline Kwayoyin unsa da amfani da wani Alkali bayani, don haka da yawa aikace-aikace.

A lithium Kwayoyin shi abubuwa a matsayin anode aiki karfe, wanda gaskiya ma rinjayar da amfani rai. Lithium yana da wani mummunan lantarki m, saboda haka tare da kananan girma irin wannan abubuwa da a kalla rated ƙarfin lantarki. Daga cikin shortcomings na wannan tsarin shi ne mai yiwuwa a ware wani babban farashi. Autopsy lithium ikon kafofin ne m.

ƙarshe

Ka'idar aiki na wani electrochemical cell dogara ne a kan redox matakai abin da ke faruwa a cathode da anode. Dangane kan ƙarfe zaba electrolyte bayani, canza cell ta rayuwa, kuma da girma da rated ƙarfin lantarki. A halin yanzu, da bukatar lithium, cadmium cell ciwon isasshe tsawon lokacin da ya sabis.