Golden ducat. Tsada Rasha tsabar kudi. Royal zinariya ducat

Golden ducat ne monetary naúrar na Rasha Empire da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. A lokuta daban-daban, ya yi daya ko wani daidai a rubles. Wannan sunan da aka yi amfani da rayuwar yau da kullum tun farkon karni na ashirin da ya koma zuwa banknotes a goma raka'a, alal misali, da hryvnia, rubles, Tarayyar Turai da kuma a kan haka. An hade tare da saki da Tarayyar Soviet zinariya tsabar kudin, nauyi, abu da kuma girma na wanda aka maimaita su goma-ducat Nicholas. Akwai wani version. Akwai zargin cewa suna "zinariya yanki" da aka samu daga siffa "zinariya tsantsa", watau "Red". A sabon ma'anar kalmar karshe karfafa mukaminsu, bayan da kudin gyara daga 1922-1924.

Tsarist Rasha

A baya can, da definition "zinariya ducat" ta shafi wani waje tsabar kudi na zinariya minted daga high quality gami. Mafi yawansu sun kasance sequins da ducats daga Netherlands da kuma Hungary. Tare da Ivan III wa Bitrus I a kan ƙasa na Rasha minted musamman zinariya na sarauta tsabar kudi. Suna kuma kira tsabar kudi na zinariya (a matsayin wani zaɓi - Cervone), amma sun ayan da za a yi amfani da matsayin sakamako ãyõyi. A wadannan kayayyakin da aka gaggafa image da rabin tsawon hoto (wani lokacin biyu-gangarawa tsuntsu ya a garesu na tsabar kudin).

A kan gadon sarautar Bitrus I

A gabatarwar da zinariya guda alaka da aiwatar da monetary garambawul. A sabon wajen biya a cikin nauyi da aka 3,47 grams da samfurin 986. Duk da halaye na shi ya kama da Hungarian ducat. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an kaddamar da samar da tsabar kudi a cikin biyu na zinariya guda. Su nauyi ya riga 6,94 grams.

Rasha tsabar kudi na zinariya da aka bayar a 1701. Da farko, 118 kofe aka samar. Suna amfani da farko a ma'amaloli da kasashen waje fatake.

Golden ducat 1907 (ranar da aka rubuta haruffa) samuwa a guda kwafin. Ya kasance a Vienna Museum daga tarin Biron. A 2010, wannan musamman misali da aka kiyasta a dala dubu xari uku. A hermitage, za ka iya ganin wata gaske tushe azurfa ducat 1907 Sau da yawa akwai remakes wannan tsabar, Ya sanya daga high-sa azurfa, da tagulla. Da darajar da aka kiyasta a game da dubu 50 rubles ga samfurin a cikin m yanayin (XF).

A zamanin mulkin Bitrus da sarauta na zinariya ducat aka minted daga 1701 zuwa 1716. Bayan haka, ya aka maye gurbinsu da tsabar kudi na biyu rubles da kuma ƙananan fashewa. Yana nuna Andrey Pervozvanny - ya zama majiɓinci saint na Rasha asashe.

A zaman majalisar na coinage na ducats faru a 1729 a karkashin Bitrus ta biyu. Lokacin Elizabeth hau gadon sarautar, a kan tsabar kudi sun ga sa data a kan wata, da kuma wani lokacin da ranar ga halittarsu. A lokaci guda akwai wani sarari rabo a cikin iri biyu - da image na St. Andrew ta ko da jihar alama. Asirin ke bi Dutch ducats fara a Mint a 1768. Su aka yi nufi ga rufe da bukatun da sarki a tsabar kudi na zinariya kasuwanci a kasuwanni waje.

Rasha tsabar kudi na zinariya da Nicholas II

1907 alama farkon na saki a cikin wurare dabam dabam na sabon banknotes a ƙungiyõyi na goma rubles. Wannan shi ne saboda inganta a hanyoyin da yin takarda. Ba da da ewa shi bayar da umarni don en katunan bashi a goma rubles 1909 samfurin shekara. Sun kasance a amfani har farko Oktoba 1922. Exchange ga sabon kudi da aka sanya a cikin kudi na 10 dubu rubles. 1 ruble haihuwa, amma suka ba su riƙi tushen. A sakamakon haka, za mu fara nuna wani biyar-ruble tsabar kudi high 986 samfurori, wanda daga baya aka rage zuwa 917 minti.

An madadin wani zaɓi

A tsakiyar karni na sha tara ya fara Mint kudi biyan platinum (wanda kuma ake kira farar zinariya guda). Da shi shi ne mafi tsada da Rasha tsabar kudi a cikin lokaci. M da farko duba, da mafita mai sauki ne, da 1827, da Rasha, taskar da aka m reserves na platinum, wanda ake cirewa daga Ural placers. Yana da aka sosai cewa kai tsaye sayar da daraja karfe kawai fadi zuwa cikin kasuwar, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka yanke shawarar da su saki fari ducats a wurare dabam dabam. A ra'ayin minting na platinum tsabar kudi mallakar Count Kankrin. Tsabar kudi daga wani danye 97% na karfe samar daga 1828 zuwa 1845 shekara. Lokacin da wannan ya zama samuwa a ƙungiyõyi na uku, shida da goma sha biyu rubles - quite rare a Rasha. Su bayyanar da shi ne saboda ganin cewa ga mafi tasiri embossing size aka zaba a matsayin riga a baya kerarre 25 aninai, hamsin daloli da kuma ra'ayi. Haka kuma, wannan girma na karfe, da aka kimanta a 3, 6, 12 rubles.

A karo na farko a cikin kudin na biya nufin an kusan gaba ɗaya hada da platinum. Previous tsabar kudin da aka hada da daraja karfe, amma kawai a matsayin master gami zuwa jan ko zinariya a jabu.

Soviet Rasha

A farkon shekaru bayan kafa Soviet ikon akwai rashin lafiya na monetary tsarin da kuma m girma na kumbura. amana da yawan bai yi amfani da wani "Kerensky rubutu" ko "Soviet bayanin kula," kuma bã da Duma kudi ko sarauta katunan bashi. A farko da matsayin da aka samar a 1922. A musayar aka za'ayi a cikin rabo na 1:10 000. A sakamakon haka, shi gudanar ya tsara monetary tsarin, amma su daina kumbura - babu. Mahalarta na Sha Daya Congress na RCP (b) yanke shawarar saki a barga Soviet kudin. Hakika, mun tattauna game da sabon kudi suna. Yana yayi wani gudun hijira daga haihuwa da kuma gabatar da sabon zabin - "sauyi". Alal misali, jama'ar kasar Commissariat na ma'aikata samu wani tayin kira da kudin da "tarayya." Nazari da kuma na gargajiya sunayen - a ruble, ducat, da hryvnia. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa hryvnya kira wajen biya, ya circulated a cikin ƙasa na Ukraine, da kuma wani ruble hade da wani azurfa ruble, an yanke shawarar suna da sabon kudi da haihuwa - tsabar kudi na zinariya. The yawan dauki su tare da amincewa. Dalili kuwa shine, da tsabar kudi na zinariya, ana riskarsa kamar wani maras tsabar kudi tsaro, da kuma ba a matsayin hanyar magani. Mutane da yawa sun yi fatan cewa za a yi musayar takarda kudi zinariya, amma gwamnatin yi a kan free musayar na da bai bayyana. Duk da haka, takarda zinariya tsabar kudi rayayye canza a kan tsada Rasha tsabar kudi, da kuma mataimakin versa. Wani lokaci, na farko ko bit overpaid saboda saukaka su ajiya da kuma liquidity. Godiya ga barga musayar kudi tenner gwamnatin samu wani karfi tushe ga tayin da New Tattalin Policy (NEP).

karfafa matsayin

A shekarar 1923, da rabo daga ducats a total taro na kudi ya girma daga uku zuwa tamanin cikin dari. Biyu kudin tsarin sarrafa a kasar. Saboda haka, State Bank ya sanar da wani sabon kullum kudi tenner. Wannan bayar da m asa ga hasashe, kuma Yanã bayyanar da matsaloli a gaban tattalin arziki da cinikayya ayyukan. Tare da chervonets nassi na lokaci ya fara amfani da yafi a cikin birnin. A yankunan karkara, shi zai iya saya kawai m manoma, yayin ga talakawa mutane shi ya prohibitively tsada. A lokaci guda akwai wani ra'ayi cewa sayar da kaya domin Soviet rubutu - shi ne mai hasara, don haka da kayayyakin gona da farashin ya karu, kuma su gabatarwar a cikin birni ki. Saboda wannan dalili, akwai wani biyu denomination rubles (1: 100).

Travel to ƙasashe masu nisa

Dukan more pronounced ya shigar azzakari cikin farji na zinariya guda zuwa kasuwanni waje. Saboda haka, na farko a watan Afrilu 1924 ta musayar kudi fara da za a nakalto a New York Stock Exchange. A watan farko, ya zauna a wani matakin wucewa ta dollar parity. A Berlin, London da kuma sanya wata yarjejeniya tare da Soviet unofficial kudin a 1924-1925 gg. A karshen shekarar 1925, mun yanke shawarar da tambaya ta listing a Vienna Stock Exchange. Duk da yake ducat riga hukumance nakalto a Shanghai, Tehran, Roma, Konstantinoful, Milan da kuma Riga. Yana za a iya yi musayar ko sayo a mafi yawan kasashen na duniya.

babban rabo mai da

A watan Oktoba, an yanke shawarar cewa zinariya ducat za a sake sake a kan wani par tare da takarda. A size da kuma halaye, shi ne cikakken daidai da pre-neman sauyi goma-tsabar kudin. Vasyutinskii - babban medalist Mint - ya marubucin wani sabon zane. Saboda haka, a kan obverse wanda aka nuna da gashi na makamai da RSFSR, kuma baya - manomi-shuka. A karshen da aka yi ta Shadr sassaka, yanzu shi ne a cikin Tretyakov Gallery. Kowane zinariya ducat ( "mai shuka," kamar yadda aka popularly kira) na lokaci mai kwanan rana 1923.

Cash da daraja karfe a cikin mafi yawan da ake bukata a cikin Soviet gwamnati ga kasashen waje cinikayya ayyukan. Bugu da kari, a zinariya ducat (photos aka gabatar a cikin labarin) ne, wani lokacin amfani da hanyar biyan kudi a kasar. A tsabar kudi da aka minted a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma sa'an nan yada a fadin jihar.

Lokacin da kawai ta fara samar da tsada Rasha tsabar kudi na zinariya, akwai irin wannan da wani ya faru: Western wakilan flatly ya ki yarda da wadannan kudi, tun da suka yi da symbolism na Tarayyar Soviet. A bayani da aka samu nan da nan. Dalili na sabon tsabar kudi Nicholas dauki zinariya yanki, wanda kasashen waje dauki wassu sharudda. Saboda haka, Soviet gwamnati fara sayan wadannan kayayyaki daga kasashen waje domin banki bayanin kula tare da image na hambarar da mulkin.

A lokaci bayan NEP

Collapsing New Tattalin Policy kuma farkon masana'antu ya yi rauni zinariya ducat. Its farashin ya cikin 5.4 rubles da dollar. Bisani, ya bai daina za a jera a kasashen waje. Domin daidaita kudi tsarin, da ruble aka daura wa takarda goma rubles. Nawa ne zinariya ducat a shekara ta 1925? Suka kuma ba shi goma rubles. Daga bisani, da shigo da kuma fitarwa na daraja karfe tsabar kudi wajen kungiyar tarayyar aka gaba daya dakatar.

A 1937, akwai wani jerin maras muhimmanci darajar da 1, 3, 5 da kuma 10 ducats. The bidi'a na cewa lokaci - a hoto na Lenin a gefe daya daga cikin tsabar kudin.

A shekarar 1925 ya aka buga sosai rare misali da tagulla. By duk matakan, shi ne cikakken daidai da zinariya tsabar kudin. A shekarar 2008, a wani Moscow gwanjo da shi aka sayi for miliyan biyar Rasha rubles (game da 165 dala dubu).

wartime

A kan mafiya yawa daga cikin Jamus-shagaltar Soviet yankuna ducat bai daina tafiya. Ten rubles yarda daya Reichsmark. A paradox ne cewa hadin gwiwar ( 'yan sanda, masu unguwanni da wasu mutane da suke hada kai tare da farkisanci dakarun) a 1941-1943. Suka biya a Soviet "Stalinist" Ruble 1937 saki tare da images of waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da Nazis da Red Army soja matukan jirgi (wadannan su ne ake kira taskar lura).

a kan Soviet ƙasa farashin sun ƙananan fiye da a Jamus. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Nazis aka artificially inflated kudi na Reichsmark, sabili da haka, a lokacin da kwato wani kauye daga invaders darajar da kayayyakin a cikin gida kasuwa ki muhimmanci, wani lokacin ma sau uku. Wannan al'amari, ba shakka, lallai ya gane ta gida yawan.

Tarayyar Soviet biya tare da tsabar kudi na zinariya har 1947. Su aka maye gurbinsu da sabon bayanin kula denominated a rubles. Ten ducats ba daya ruble.

Olympics 1980

State Bank of Tarayyar Soviet daga 1975 zuwa 1982, na farko bayar da tsabar kudi kamar ducats samfurin 1923 tare da gashi na makamai da RSFSR da sabon kwanakin. Total wurare dabam dabam da aka 7.350.000 kofe. Wadannan tsabar kudi da aka minted a kan lokaci na gasar wasannin Olympics a birnin Moscow, amma ba su samu ba doka m matsayi a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet. Suna amfani da a gudanar da harkokin ciniki ma'amaloli da kuma sayar wa kasashen waje baƙi.

A tsakiyar 1990 Babban Bankin ya fara sayar da "lambar zinariya guda" kamar yadda zuba jari tsabar kudi, da kuma a shekara ta 2001 a jihar dillancin yanke shawarar yin su doka m tare da azurfa trehrublevkoy "Sobol".

Mafi shahara zamba

Soviet chervontsi sun isasshe m kudin da daban-daban high sayen ikon. Su sukan ƙirƙira domin gurgunta tattalin arzikin da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma na doka ma'amaloli a kasuwanni waje.

Mafi yawa daga duk a cikin wannan girmamawa rarrabe ma'aikata Shell Oil Company, disgruntled da cewa kungiyar aiwatar da man fetur a farashin kasa da kasuwar talakawan.

Mafi sau da yawa counterfeited doka a ƙungiyõyi na daya zinariya yanki, saboda shi aka jawo a kan kawai a gefe daya. A manya-manyan consignment na ƙarya banki bayanin kula a iya kama a 1928 a Murmansk. A karkashin kasa kungiyar, raba m banknotes, buga a Jamus, shi aka bayyana a akwatin gidan ma'aikaci Sepalovym. The laifi makirci da muhimmanci rawa da wasu tsohon White Guards, ciki har da Sadaterashvili da Karumidze. Duk da haka, da fitina da laifi aka gudanar a Switzerland da Jamus, inda suka samu magangara mafi ƙasƙanci yiwu sentences. Daga bisani, da kwarewa amfana daga Nazis, wanda a lokacin yakin duniya na II ƙirƙira banknotes na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma sauran ƙasashe.

Numismatist a lura da

A zamanin mulkin Nicholas II minted cikakken fledged imperials da poluimperialy, wanda a kan lokaci da aka maye gurbinsu da kudi kasa nauyi. Bugu da kari, da sabon abu da aka bayar, wani roko ya Rasha jama'a tsabar kudi a cikin 7.5 da kuma 15 rubles. Gift dvadtsatipyatirublevki stofrankovye da kuma tsabar kudi na zinariya ne da ake numismatic rarity. Ya fi yawa an talakawa ducat. Yana saki a 1898-1911 gg. Duk da haka, ko da a nan akwai wani banda: a 1906 minted sarauta na zinariya ducat, farashin wanda yake a halin yanzu har zuwa goma dala dubu apiece. Kawai 10 daga wadannan kofe da aka samar, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa haraji ne son don yin yaki domin da hakkin ya sami irin wannan rare tsabar kudin.

Mutane da suke so su kare su tanadi, sau da yawa haɗu da wata wuya zabi: ko don canja wurin da kudi a cikin daloli, ko Tarayyar Turai, ko barin a rubles ... Ganin rashin zaman lafiya na duniya kudi kasuwanni, da yawa ana la'akari madadin zuba jari kida. Ga misali, da kudin mafitar zinariya ducats ko da yake ba cikin sauri, amma sosai a hannunsu. Duk da haka, yadda za a tantance da amincin tsabar kudi? A zinariya na sarauta tchervonetses Nicholas II ne dole mintsmeysterskie ãyõyi. A Jamus harshen münzmeister mai suna mutum ne da kaina alhakin aiwatar da samar da wani tsabar kudin, sa'an nan - iko Mint. A bisa alamu sanya karkashin ranar fitowa, a kan kafar ko wutsiya mikiya, karkashin alama na jihar ko a gefen. Sun kunshi biyu baqaqen münzmeister. Alal misali, gidan sarauta ducat 1899 batun alama ta stigma na "FZ", saboda a lokacin girmamawa aikinsu, aka sa su Felix Zalemna.

Dogon lokacin da zuba jari a tsabar kudi a cikin 'yan shekaru iya kawo ashirin ko talatin bisa dari na shekara-shekara samun kudin shiga da za ka yarda, ba dadi ba.