Great Armenian sarakuna

A tarihin Armenia kasance biyu lokaci na ci gaba da ba da ilimi na Great Empire da shekaru na ikon karkashin shugabanni na wasu kasashe. Great Armenian sarakuna Artashes na da Tigran Veliky, Trdat I, Arshak kuma Dad sun zama sananne ga nasarorin da suka samu a cikin Armenian jam'iyya a yi wani mai arziki da kuma sosai raya jihar, kazalika da bayani na Kirista ikon a kasar.

A labarin da ya gaya game da yawa Armenian dauloli da kuma sarakuna na Rum Armenian asalin.

History of Armenia

Armenia - karkarar jihar, da kuma tsakanin Caspian da kuma Black Tekuna. A tarihin Armenian jihar yana game 2.5 dubu. Years, ko da yake ta farkon koma zuwa zamanin faduwar Urartu da Assuriya, idan akwai Mulkin Armagh, Shubra (12 a. BC. E.), Kuma daga baya ya zama wani Scythian-Armenian.

A zamanin d kabilan Armenia ya zo wannan yanki daga Balkans, kuma daga baya a cikin 7th karni. BC. e. tashi (tsohon suna ne na Armenia) sun shagaltar da yankin Kudancin Caucasus, wanda a baya ya kasance daga mulkin Urartu, kuma assimilated cikin gida yawan.

A cikin 6th karni. BC. e. suka halitta wani sarki jihar, to, akwai a lokacin da ya mika wuya ga kunna Assuriyawa, Mediyawa mulki, Farisa, Suriyawa, Aleksandru Makedonskomu. Shekaru 200 BC. e. Armenia wanzu a matsayin wani ɓangare na Seleucid mulki, to, ya zama m sake. Jihar kunshi Mai girma da Little Armenia. Bisa ga binciken da masana tarihi na farko Armenian Sarkin Great Armenia Artashes na ɗauki kursiyin a 189 BC. e. , kuma ya kasance wanda ya kafa daular Artashesids.

A 70 BC. e. 2 na sake united a guda jihar. Tun da 63 AD Armenian ƙasashe sun zama ƙarƙashin Roman Empire, da kuma a cikin karni 3rd nan ya yada addinin Kirista. Bayan 4 karni Great Armenia ya zama dogara a kan Farisa, sa'an nan da 869 sami 'yancin kanta a sake.

An fara daga 1080, wasu yankunan fada karkashin ikon Girkawa, wasu tashi Turkey. A 1828, arewacin Armenia shiga cikin Rasha Empire, sa'an nan a cikin 1878 da aka shiga wani bangare da Kars da Batumi.

Ancient daular na Armenian sarakuna

Daya daga cikin mafi tsoho na sarakunan da suka yi mulki Armenia ikirarin kursiyin da Achaemenid sarakuna kuma dauke su hakimai.

Shahararren daular na Armenian sarakunan:

• Ervandids - mulki kasar a lokacin daga 401 zuwa 200 shekaru. BC. e, har kayar Seleucids: Yervand I da na II, Kodoman Yervand II (re). Mihran Yervand III, Artavasdes Yervand IV.
• Next a shekara-shekara domin - Sophene daular sarakunan tashi bayan ci da daidaituwa da Armenian ƙasashe a Armavir satrapy Sofena tare da babban birnin kasar (a cikin Ararat Valley). Ya yi mulki daga 260 BC. e. har '95 List of Armenian sarakuna na daular Qing da kanta, Arsham, Ahasurus, Zareh, Mitroborzan I (Artran) Ervand V. Sa'an nan Sophene da aka ci nasarar da Tigran Mai girma, da kuma an haɗa zuwa Great Armenia.
• A mafi sanannen tarihi daular Artashesids mulkin kasar tun 189 BC. e. kuma har zuwa shekara 1 n. e. - wani sananne sarakuna Artashes I, Tigran I da na II Tigran Great Artavasdes I da na II, da sauransu.
• Arshakids daular (51-427 gg.), Wanda ya kafa wanda ya Tiridates I, ɗan'uwanka, da Parthian sarki Vologeza I. A karshen su mulki ya halakar da sarauta da iko da Farisa, sa'an nan ga mutane da yawa ƙarni Armenia ya fara sarauta sarakunan nada da Persian iko (marzban) da kuma Rum ( Curopalates) da kuma ostikany Arab Khalifofi.

Sarakunan Great Armenian Empire

Cikin shahararrun - daular sarakuna Artashesids Great Armenia, wanda ya zo a cikin shari'a, a 189 BC. e. Armenian sarki Artashes Na zo zuwa kursiyin Great Armenia bayan da shela da ya Seleucid sarki Antiyaku III. Artashes Artashesids zama kafa na daular, kuma ya zama shahararren matsayin da aka sani kawo canji da kuma nasara. Ya ya iya rinjayi ga daukacin jama'ar na Armenia na Armenian Filato da kuma wasu makwabtan yankunan. Kamar wancan Great Armenia da hanzarta samun ƙasa, kuma Ya wadãtar da a lokacin yaki.

A farko birni na Artashat aka gina a kan hagu banki na Arax River a 166 BC. e., zuwa babban birnin jihar aka koma. Kamar yadda na da labari Artashes Na yi matukar muhimmanci ƙasar kwaskwarima, yayin da banbamta tsakanin sarauta, birni da kuma zamantakewa asashe.

Soja kamfen na wannan sarki ya ci nasara da kuma taimakawa wajen kara yawan da yankin Great Armenia. Kuma sarki ya sanya tafiye-tafiye a duk inda, a hankali mamaya duk makwabtaka da yankin. Daya daga cikin shahararrun kamfen ne lokacin da Artashes kokarin kama da Hellenistic jihar gabas ta tsakiya, amma da taimakon da Seleucid suka zauna m. A zamanin mulkinsa dade kusan shekaru 30 har sai da ya rasu.

Bayan rasuwar dansa Artashes, Armenian tsar Tigran I, ya zauna a kan gadon sarautar, a 160 BC. e. Ya zama da aka sani ga tun shiga yaki da Parthian jihar. A zamanin yaki tsakanin Armenia da kuma Parthians ya quite dogon - kusan shekaru 65. Armenia ya gāji gadon sarautarsa Artavazd I, jikan Artashes. Kuma kawai a 95 BC. e. Sarki dai ya ɗan'uwansa, (a cewar wasu kafofin, ɗan), wanda daga baya ya karbi sunan Tigran Veliky.

Sarki Tigran Veliky

Tigran II aka haife shi a 140 BC. e. kuma yana saurayi ya ciyar a matsayin wani fursuna a kotu na King Mithridates II, wanda ya dauki shi tare da shan kashi na Armenian sojojin. Lokacin da labarai ya zo daga mutuwa na Armenian sarki Artavazd I, Tigran ya iya saya da 'yanci, maimakon ya ba da wani babban yanki na ƙasar a cikin yankin na Kurdistan.

Armenian King Tigran Veliky zauna a cikin ikon shekara 40, a lokacin da Armenia ya sanya m baya na sarki iko. Mulkinsa ya fara a wani m lokaci a lokacin da Roman ikon da aka kifar a yankin Evpatoria King Mithridates (Sarkin Fantas), wanda ya iya m ga kanta duk da tekun Black Sea.

Tigran auri 'yar Mitridata Cleopatra. Dukkanin kasashen waje da manufofin da aka yi niyya sikelin soja yaƙi gāba da Romawa a farkon (tare da goyon bayan Mithridates na Fantas), tare da sakamakon cewa ya ya iya komawa zuwa ba ka ƙasar zuwa nasara da Assuriya, Edessa da kuma sauran yankuna annexed ƙasar arewacin Bagadaza.

A 83 BC. e. Armenian sojojin a cikin daidaituwa tare da Syria manya da 'yan kasuwa suka mamaye Syria, kama Kilikiya da Phenicia zuwa arewacin Palestine. Subjugating larduna da kuma 120 satrapies, sai ya fara kiran kansa sarkin sarakuna ne, allahntaka, sakewa da azurfa da tsabar kudi, wanda su ne mafi kyau (bisa ga masana tarihi kammala) a cikin dukan abin da aka minted Armenian sarakuna (ga photo. Ƙasa).

Coins minted a Antakiya da Damascus da kuma Zagayawar Tigran Mai girma 5-nuna star da kuma a Tiara da gaggafa. Daga baya, ya gina da kansa Mint. Sarauta a Syria tsawon shekaru 14, da Armenian King Tigran II Mai girma taimake su tattalin arziki Tarurrukan, kawo su ƙasar da zaman lafiya da wadata.

A lokacin wadannan shekaru, ikonsa da aka yada a kan sararin yankin, daga Caspian Sea da Rum, daga Mesofotamiya zuwa Pontic Alps. Armenian Empire ya zama siyasa united, kuma kowane daga cikin sarrafawa jihohin biya haraji a gare shi, amma har yanzu kula da dokokin da matsayi na wani m sarauta.

A wannan zamanin, na Armenia wakiltar ginin zamantakewa hankali juya zuwa ga incipient abubuwa na feudalism. A wannan yanayin, da kabila kungiyar a hade tare da tartsatsi amfani da aiki bawa, wanda suka shiga fursunoni kama a makwabta yankunan a lokacin daban-daban yaƙe-yaƙe.

Tigran Veliky fara gina su babban birnin kasar Tigranakert (ba-rana kudancin Turkey), wanda aka ɗauki cikinsa ta da shi a matsayin siyasa da tattalin arziki cibiyar da ke jihar, wanda zai mallaki Armenian sarakuna. Don populate birnin mutane, ya karfafa da ƙaura daga Yahudawa, kazalika a kan tilas Hijira mazauna fatattakakkun larduna su ma tilasta su motsa 12 birane a kasar Girka cewar wasu kafofin - jimlar yawan yan gudun hijirar da aka kiyasta a 300 dubu.

Duk da haka, a '72 saboda mahaifinsa Mithridates Tigran shiga yaki tare da Roma, wanda alama farkon ya sha kashi da kuma auka na Empire a Armenia. The Roman janar Lucullus sãme mai tsanani shan kashi, ottorgnuv Siriya da kuma Phenicia, kwanciya kewaye da tsoho babban birnin kasar na Artaxata. Sa'an nan a '66 zo da Parthian sojojin a cikin yaki, da kuma Sarkin mika wuya ga Romawa, ya kammala wata gaggãwa zaman lafiya. Sauran shekaru 11, a lokacin da ya riga ya tsufa kuma rauni, da Armenian sarki ya ci gaba da mulki a cikin kasar kamar yadda wani talakansa na Roma.

Sarki Artavasdes II

Artavazd ya zama sarki a 55 BC. e. kuma shi ne mafi ilimi da kuma koya. Wannan sarki ya saku a Greek, aka sani a matsayin wani gwani a kan adabi da kuma ko da rubuta bala'in da kuma tarihi ayyukansu. Aminci jam'iyya da Roma, Artavazd aika 50000th sojojinsa su yi yaƙi da Parthians. Amma daga baya ya shiga tare da su a cikin kungiyar tarayyar ta bada ɗan 'yar'uwarsa na Parthian sarki Orodes.

Ya mulki kasar domin shekaru 20 da suka wuce a cikin zaman lafiya da wadata. Duk da haka, magana a kan gefen Roman shugabanni na Mark Antony da Cleopatra, ta zargi na cin amanar kasa. Armenian sarki Artavazd da iyalinsa Mark Antony ya kawo a cikin marũruwa kuma sa a rahamar Cleopatra, wanda kokarin m azabtarwa vyznat su ajiya wuri taskõkin tattara Armenian sarakuna. Kuma sojojin Antony a wannan lokaci sata da Armenian garuruwa da kuma halakar da haikali na aljanna Anahit. Ba tare da sanin wani abu, Cleopatra umurni da kashe Sarkin Armenia, wanda yake a cikin kurkuku.

Arshakids daular da haihuwa Kiristanci

Arshakids - daular, wanda ya mulki a Parthia (Iran a yau) a 250-228 BC. e. Wannan irin mutane da yawa ƙarni ya mai sarauta, ya aka alaka da abubuwan da suka faru na tarihin duniya. A m na Armenian reshe na sarauta zama Tiridates (Trdat I), wanda ya dauki kursiyin Armenia a karshen 1st karni. Duk wannan lokaci, ci gaba da illa ma sha Allahu Roman-Persian Wars da kuma rikice-rikice.

Trdat I - sarki na farko daga cikin Armenia, wanda ya gabatar da Armenian bangaskiyar Kirista. A 2-3 ƙarni. wannan addini ne tartsatsi a cikin yankuna da suke kewaye da Armenia. Saboda haka, Apostolic Church of Antakiya na jihar da kuma zamanin da cibiyar da Edessa a Mesafotamiya da gudummawar da yaduwar Kiristanci, sa'an nan ya zama mai farin rubuce-rubucen na Bishop Theophilus da Marcus Aurelius, wa'azi da bangaskiyar Kirista.

Daya daga cikin mafi sanannen tarihi sunayen, fi so Armenian mutane da ƙarni: St. Gregory da Illuminator, waɗanda suka komo daga Parthia Armenia wa'azi da bangaskiyar Kirista a nan. Saboda gaskiya cewa mahaifinsa shi da kisan kai sarki Khosrow I (238 g), wanda ya yi mulki Armenia Trdat III Gregory jefa a kurkuku sarki castle, inda ya baya ciyar da shekaru 15.

Trdat na baya warware of St. Gregory, wanda shi ne wata ãyã daga gãfara warke daga mai tsanani shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya da kuma christened shi, da kuma duk fādar sarki. A 302, da Gregory da Illuminator zama Bishop, kuma an zabe shugaban Armenian Kirista coci.

A 359 farawa da Persian-Roman yaki, sakamakon wanda ya zama Roma ta sha kashi. A wannan lokaci a cikin Armenian kursiyin sarauta Arshak II (345-367 gg.), Wanda ya fara mai yaki da Farisa, tsohon farko quite nasara ga Armenia, amma sai da Persian sarki Shaluh rikici na kama da ƙarasa Arshak a kurkuku, inda ya rasu.

A wannan lokaci, da matarsa Parandzem kewaye da sojojin abokan gaba a kagara Artagers tare da 11-karfi da sojojin. Bayan dogon fadace-fadace, da yunwa, da annoba ya fara, da sansanin soja ya fadi, da kuma Parandzem kisan, da ci amanar ta azabtarwa.

Danta, Dad koma zuwa Armenia da kuma zama sarki godiya ga Roman Sarkin sarakuna Vagesu. A zamanin mulkinsa, (370-374 gg.) Was a tsawon maimaitawa halakar da ƙauyuka, maido da majami'u da kuma tunzura domin na harkokin jama'a. Armenian King Dad ya jagoranci sojojin lashe yaƙi Dziravskom Farisa da mayar da zaman lafiya a Armenia.

Tsarkake kasa daga kasashen waje invaders, Sarki Dad taka rawa sosai a cikin sabuntawa na jihar, ya iyakance lokacin da gwamnonin na coci da kuma kafa da farko 'yancin kai na Armenian cocin Katolika, ƙarfafa sojojin, ya ciyar da wasu sauye-sauye. Duk da haka, da Roman Sarkin sarakuna Vagesa suka lured shi zuwa wani sumptuous idi, wanda meanly aikatã game da matasa Armenian Bakan'ane.
A tarihin sai ya zauna kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki Armenian sarakuna.

Bayan mutuwar Paparoma a kan gadon sarautar sarakuna sun Varazdat (374-378), Arshak (378-389), Khosrow, Vramshapouh (389-417), Shapur (418-422), Artashes Ardashir (422-428).

A 428 BC Farisa sun shagaltar da Armenia - haka share fage na tsawon yawa da kuma ci gaba da jihar Great Armenia, wanda aka mulki ta shahara Armenian sarakuna.

A auka na Great Armenia da kuma sake ma su matsugunni da Armenia

Armenia fara shirya a Rum daga 4th karni, saboda da m halin da ake ciki a kasar, inda akwai m m rikice-rikice da makwabta. Lokacin da akwai halakar da na sarki ikon da rabuwa da Great Armenia tsakanin Rum da Farisa, da yawa shugabannin da suka garzaya da Rum, tare da iyalansu, da kuma soja raka'a. Sun nemi su yi amfani da su soja Basirar a administrative sabis.

A lokacin wadannan shekaru, akwai wani taro sake ma su matsugunni da Armenia da Balkans, Cyprus, da Kilikiya, Arewacin Afrika. A Trend zuwa kurtu sojoji kuma masu kare lafiyarsa da Armenian asalin a fādar matsara na Byzantine Power ya riga ya wanzu na dogon lokaci. Nuna babban yabo da Armenian sojan doki da sauran soja raka'a. Kuma suka sanya ba kawai a cikin babban birnin kasar amma kuma a wasu birane (musamman a Italiya da kuma Sicily).

Armenian sarakunan Rum

Mutane da yawa Armenia gudanar high soja da kuma ruhaniya matsayi gudanar da kimiyya da ayyukan, yana koyarwa a gidajen lama da kuma jami'o'i. Fame zama sananne artists da kuma gine-ginen. Armenian manya, kasancewa zuriyar tsoho sarauta haihuwa, sannu a hankali daga Rum zaunar cikin Turai, ya shiga dangantaka da tsada da kuma sarauta iyali.

A cikin tarihi na Rum a kan kursiyin, ziyarci ta fiye da 30 sarakuna na Armenian asalin. Daga cikin su: Mauritius (582-602), Sarkin sarakuna Hiraqla I (610-641), Filippik Vardan (711-713), Leo Armenian (813-820), Vasiliy na Makedonyanin (867-886), Roman na Lakapin (920- 944), Ioann Tsimiskhy (969-976) da kuma da yawa wasu.

Famous Armenian sarakunan Rum

Kamar yadda tarihi records, a cikin 11-12 ƙarni. Armenian kabila ya 10-15% na mulki aristocracy a Rum, amma daga sarakunan su ne zuriyar Armenian manoma suka samu daban-daban kursiyin, shi ne ba ko da yaushe m hanyoyi.

Mafi shahara Byzantine sarakunan Armenian asalin:

• Sarkin sarakuna Hiraqla I. aka alaka da daular Arshakids, aka ƙãra da soja iyawa, don gudanar da sauye-sauye a cikin gwamnatin da sojoji, a maido da ikon Rum, ya kammala moriyar yarjejeniya da Great Bulgaria a kan tattalin arziki da kuma soja taimako, Ya shafe mai yawa ayyukan soji a lokacin da Iran-Byzantine War koma Urushalima, da manyan Kirista haramin mai Tsarki giciye (a baya kama da Persian sarki).
• Filippik Vardan. Ya ce da'awar a kan fadar kursiyin, aka fitar da zuwa tsibirin Kefalonia, sa'an nan Hersonissos, wanda ya jagoranci tawaye da taimako na Khazars kama Konstantinoful da ya zama sarki. By tofin ya Monothelite da ya kai ga muwafaka da Church na Roma, aka makantar da 'yan maƙarƙashiya.
• Leo da Armenian. Ya daga cikin irin Artsruni, ya jagoranci sojojin tsãwace wani hari a kan Konstantinoful Bulgarians, hambararren sarki Nicephorus na Konstantinoful (815) da kuma kira a gida coci majalisa, yana shelar a koma dokokin iconoclast babban coci a Hyeres. Ya aka kashe a lokacin wani Kirsimeti sabis a watan Disamba 820
• Biography Vasiliya na Makedonyanina cikakken jũya daga rabo. Baƙauye da haihuwa, ya shafe yana karami, tare da iyalinsa a cikin zaman talala a Bulgaria, sa'an nan suka tsere zuwa Thrace. Bayan ya koma Konstantinoful, ya shiga cikin fadar stables, ta kyau bayyanar ja hankalin da Sarkin sarakuna Michael 3rd kuma ya zama ya fi so, da kuma daga baya aure ya farka. Bayan kawar da iko na sarki zumunta Basil a 866, ya zama co-regent, sa'an nan kashe sarki, a 867, ya dauki kursiyin kuma kafa wani sabon daular. Daga cikin gudunmawar da ya bayar Rum. Byzantine amfaninsa dokokin, size daga cikin sojojin da kuma fadada daga wasu mutu daga wani hatsari yayin da farauta (886).

• Roman na Lakapin. Har ila yau, shi ya zo daga Armenian manoma, tuba zuwa ga Orthodoxy da aka ciyar da su Cif na mallaka Navy, ta amfani stealth kuma wayo kwace mulki, sa'an nan da aure da 'yarsa ga sarki da kuma ya zama "basileopator" (sarki uba), sa'an nan ya dauki kursiyin. Its ayyuka suna mayar da hankali kan yaki da aristocracy, wanda ya mallakar manyan yankunan ƙasar a cikin ni'imar da kananan strateia. Ya zama shahararren matsayin master of rikici da kuma hadin kai, amma shi ya sha wahala daga hannun maƙarƙashiya - 'ya'yan nasa, wanda aka kama shi da kuma gudun hijira zuwa wani sufi, inda ya kasance a shekara da kuma shiga kansu a matsayin daya fursunoni. Ya mutu a cikin 948, da
• Ioann Tsimiskhy. Ya zo daga mai daraja Armenian iyali da kuma ya dangi na baya Sarkin sarakuna Nicephorus, suka halarci a cikin kisan kai. Bayan da zama Sarkin Rum, tsunduma a cikin ayyukansu na sadaka, ta hanyar gina asibitoci da kuma rarraba kayan ga matalauta. Soja yakin da ya faru a gabas, shi ne sakamakon da suka koma zuwa Syria da kuma Phenicia karkashin Byzantine iko. Ya aka guba ta farko da ministan Lekapenom.

Daular na sarakunan da suka yi sarauta bayan halakar da Great Armenia

Great Armenian sarakuna - Artashes I, Tiger II Great - sune sarakuna Armenia a lokacin da heyday da dũkiya. Bayan 428 bi da wani lokaci a lõkacin da kasa da aka mulki ta hanyar gwamnonin nada da sauran jihohi. Shi ne kawai tun karshen karni 9th ga Armenian hukuma koma daular:

• Bagratids (885-1045 gg.).
• Rubenids-hethumids-Lusignans (1080-1375).

A farko wakilan da HALITTAR Bagratids yarima, hada yawa na ikon da RA (bayan ya zauna lokaci Arab iko) karfe Armenian sarakuna Ashot I da na II Iron Smbat I, Ashot III Dear Sir. A karshe wakilin wannan irin Gagik II aka kama da kuma bayan tattaunawar da Byzantine Empire barranta daga mulkin.

Armenian sarakuna Rubenids daular Ruben I, Constantine I, Toros I, Levon I, Taurus II, Levon II, Isabella. Daular Rubenids-Hetumyan (Hethoum I, Levon III, Hethoum II, Taurus III, Smbat et al.) M on Levon V bayan mezhdinasticheskogo aure, a cikin abin da ikon ya wuce zuwa Frankish sarakunan Cyprus.

Daular Rubenids-Lusignan: Constantine III, IV, Levon VI, Konstantin V, Levon VII. A 1375, jihar da aka kai hari da kuma halakar da sojojin Masarawa daga cikin Mamluks da Sultan na Ikoniya, da kuma Sarkin Levon VII ritaya zuwa sufi a Paris.