Halitta ma'adinai launuka: ja ocher

Yanzu ga artists ba matsala samun dama inuwa ja launi. Mafi zamani launuka - roba, ƙirƙira a cikin fasaha zamanin (tun karni na sha takwas). Amma abin da game da tsoho artists kasance kunã aikatãwa? Yadda yawa launuka a cikin su palette ya? Shahararren mai zane-zane Titian ce cewa gaskiya artist isa zuwa da uku launuka: fari, baki da kuma ja. Sauran kewayon launuka aka samu da hadawa da wadannan farko launuka. Kamar yadda ka gani, ba ja ba shi yiwuwa a yi da su Titian. Abin da tsoho painters amfani da su zana purple, ruwan hoda, ja, burgundy? Halitta dyes da launi na jini, da kuma a zamanin da akwai mutane da yawa. Amma mafi tsufa na wadannan ne ja ocher. Menene wannan ma'adinai ne da kuma yadda aka samar daga resistant pigment, karanta wannan labarin.

Mene ne ocher

A sosai sunan wannan ma'adinai Greek. Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa ocher da aka kirkiro ko da farko yi amfani da tsoho Hellas. A'a, ma'adinai Paints suna ko a samu a cikin mafi tsoho kogo zane-zane. Ocher ake kira, ya kasance a cikin mutane karkashin ƙafãfunsu, kuma domin ta yi amfani a matsayin fenti ba bukatar wani fasaha. Na tsince wani dutse kuma Draw. Wannan halitta ma'adinai hada da ferric oxide. Kuma Girkanci kalmar "ohros" na nufin wani kodadde rawaya.

Yaya haka? Kuma inda ya aikata da ja ocher? A launi na halitta ma'adinai ne da gaske rawaya. Dangane da lãka, wanda a vivo ne gauraye da baƙin ƙarfe oxide hydrate, shi dabam daga haske m zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Yellow ocher aka samu a yalwace a wani bangare na duniya. Saboda haka, ya zama na farko Paint amfani da tsoho Paleolithic artists.

Mene ne ja ocher

A launi na jini da kuma rayuwa ko da yaushe ya kasance m ga mutane. A artists so ne su zana wani rauni dabba, cewa na m sihiri don tabbatar da wani farin ciki sakamakon farauta. Amma inda don samun ma'adinai dama launi? A yankunan da volcanic aiki auku anhydrous ferric oxide. A bambanci ga rawaya hydrate shi a lokacin da gauraye da yumɓu ne ya ba da wani dumi inuwa ja.

The fasaha domin samar da fenti, kamar yadda muka gani, shi ne quite sauki. A wurare inda akwai volcanic dutse, kawai isa ya ƙona rawaya ocher. Ruwa evaporates daga ma'adinai, kuma zai canza launi zuwa ja. A sauki da kuma m fasaha ya kai ga cewa da ja ocher ne har yanzu yadu amfani da samar da man fetur, da manne, da kuma sauran launuka, kazalika da a yi na calico. Ya kamata a ambata da kuma harmlessness na ma'adinai. Idan aka kwatanta da ja-gora kuma cinnabar, kuma ba da ja, ocher ba ya kawo wata cũta a cikin jikin mutum. Members na kabilar Himba, zaune a Namibia, wannan ma'adinai cover gashi kuma dukan jiki. Ocher haka kare su daga kunar rana a jiki da kuma zafi fiye da kima.

Kamar yadda a zamanin d Misira samu ja ocher

Ba dole ne a ce cewa "launi" da "jigon" wannan wayewa aka kaddamarda daya hieroglyph. Masarawa kokarin samun zurfi, m launi, to sai ka yi tasbĩhi da alloli. Ocher bada dumi, expressionless sautin. A search na jikewa da kuma launi zurfin Masarawa suka majagaba na farko roba fenti. Gaskiya, ya yi wani blue color. A pigment da aka kirkiro a cikin na uku Millennium BC. Farko na yashi da wani admixture da tagulla, cikin ƙaho gilashi. To, shi ne triturated sosai.

Masarawa ma tsohon don samun wani haske inuwa ja. Kuma haka shi ne vermilion fenti. A ma'adinai ya kasa ya mamaye wanke. Amma ocher (ja da rawaya) ya ba manta. Yana da aka amfani da su yi siffar halitta launuka. A ja launi ga Masarawa ɗauke da wani biyu ma'anar. A daya hannun, shi nuna alamar jinin Osiris. Ocher da cinnabar mai rufi tufafi Duniya Mother, Isis. Amma wanda aka nuna a cikin ja da hatsari aljanu da kuma razana duk mai rai macijin Apophis. Amma a cikin tsohuwar daular mulkin na jiki na maza da aka yi wa fenti da hadayu ocher. Yana nuna alamar su lamarinsa.

inuwõyinta suna kusa, ocher

Wannan pigment ne har yanzu yadu amfani saboda dũkiya palette. Lalle ne, wanda zai iya gwaji tare da wani mataki na dumama rawaya ocher, samar da gwaggwabar riba orange sautunan. Babban najasa a anhydrous baƙin ƙarfe oxide - lãka - ma sa ta bayar da karshe launi. Saboda shi zai iya zama duhu ko kuma haske ocher ja, kusan m. Tsakanin su akwai yalwa da launuka. Mafi haske ocher ne Venetian ja. Yana da wani dumi sautin. Duk da cewa da ja, da definition, ba zai iya zama sanyi, ocher ba inuwa. Shi ne sosai duhu, kusan ruwan kasa. Wannan launi ake kira Indian ko Burtaniya kariya.

Samun ja

Mun riga mun ambata a cinnabar. Wannan shi ne mai iko sosai, mai haske kuma zurfin launi. Red ocher fiye da shi ya dubi wajen maras ban sha'awa. Cinnabar samu daga bi da tama. Amma da haske ja launi ne ba ko da yaushe dace a zanen.

Wani gasa ocher ya minium. Wannan gubar oxide. Surik ba wani mai arziki ja launi, amma da shi ne kawo hadari ga kiwon lafiya. Ba kasa cutarwa da kuma shi ne vermilion. Wannan Paint da aka kirkiro a kasar Sin uku shekara dubu da suka wuce. An sanya ta gasa sulfur da Mercury.

Amma mafi tsada ja ya tiriysky m. An samu daga biyu jinsunan mollusks. Daya katantanwa ba kawai biyu grams na fenti. Saboda haka tiriyskim m rufi tufafi da sarki na Roman Empire da kuma majalisar dattijai sun cancanci daya kawai Paint tsiri a kan Toga.

Amfani da ma'adinai pigment a cikin zanen

Idan muka yi imani da Pliny, a cikin tarihin duniya, da babban wuri inda wadata ja ocher, ya Fantas Yuksinus a Sinop. Ko da yake baƙin ƙarfe oxide da kuma hasarar cinnabar a cikin zurfin da kwarjinin da launuka, shi ne daya alama. Pigment daidai blended da daban-daban da wasu dyes, forming haka wani babban kewayon launuka. Ocher garwaya da man fetur da kuma sosai opaque. Artists a tsakiyar zamanai, kuma daga baya amfani da shi a cikin rubuce-rubuce na frescoes. Yana da aka yi amfani da rubuce-rubuce na zane-zane da mai da kuma zane. A icon fenta Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar yadu amfani ocher na launi daban-daban a cikin zane-zane.