Hawthorne gwaji da kuma halittar manufar "mutum dangantakar" E. Mayo

Shahararren American zamantakewa masanin kimiyya E. Mayo gabatar da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kuma gudanar da ka'idar ne wani muhimmin ra'ayi kamar yadda "mutum tsakaninsu." Wannan lokaci ya zama tushen ba kawai ga samuwar management model takamaiman sha'anin, amma kuma ya halicci management ra'ayi na jihar da kuma al'umma baki daya.

Human dangantakar manufar E. Mayo, shi ne Organic ci gaba da baya theories (musamman manufar F. Taylor), shi ya zama sun fi mayar da wani sakamako na tsanani nazari da masana kimiyya suka da aka sani a matsayin Hawthorne gwaji.

A 1927 E. Mayo samu wani gayyatar daga kamfanin "Yammacin Electric" tsayar da horo da kuma a cikin sha'anin. Haka abin ya fara shahara Hawthorne gwaji, ya miƙa a lokacin shekaru biyar.

Hawthorne gwajen E. Mayo hada 4 babban saukarwa.

A mataki na farko shi ne wani gwaji domin sanin ko tasiri na haske a kan tasiri na aiki. A cikin shakka daga bincike ma'aikata suka rabu biyu kungiyoyin: daya hankali ya karu cikin haske na wurin aiki, da kuma sauran bar kome kamar yadda shi ne. Da farko yi "Taylor manufa": kyautata na yanayin aiki ya kai ga wani karuwa a yawan aiki. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci da kuma a cikin na biyu kungiyar can sun kasance inganta, a Bugu da kari, da kuma bayan ya dawo asalin halaye na haske yi ci gaba da ƙara.

E. Mayo ƙarasa da cewa a cikin irin wannan m sakamakon da manyan rawa da sakamakon da hannu ma'aikata a cikin gwaji, da kuma abin da suka ji hankalin a kan wani ɓangare na hukumomi.

A cikin mataki na biyu na E. Mayo gwada da tasiri na daban-daban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da kuma m dalilai a samar. Don yin wannan, ya zabi shida ma'aikata, don ware su daga sauran tawagar, da kuma ta wurin mataimakin, wanda aka wasa da muhimmancin da na wasa shugaban, aka gudanar da wani jerin gwaje-gwajen. A farkon da yanayin aiki da aka ƙwarai inganta: ƙãra Hakkin, gabatar da ƙarin karya, karuwar adadin fitarwa. Labor yawan aiki ne nan, ba shakka, ta ƙara. Amma ko da bayan koma baya yanayi na aiki yadda ya dace a zaba ma'aikata ne mafi girma fiye da sauran. Daga sakamakon samu E. Mayo ƙarasa da cewa aiki ne mai muhimmanci don shiga a cikin wani musamman aiwatar da mutane tare da wanda suka ji dadi. Saboda haka, Hawthorne gwaji bayyana shi da cewa data kasance na gama na wasa kungiyar wasa na ma'aikata da muhimmanci fiye da m. Bugu da kari, wani na yau da kullum kungiyar tana da shugaba, ta hanyar abin da shi ne zai yiwu zuwa tasiri wannan kananan gama a general.

The uku mataki saka zalla kimiyya da msar tambayar. Yana da aka surveyed da dama dubu ma'aikata game da hali zuwa kananan kungiyoyin, amma a karshen, wadannan zaben ba theories ba taimaka wajen ci gaba.

A karo na hudu mataki na E. Mayo na yanke shawarar komawa zuwa gwaji, kuma Ya halitta na musamman kungiyar na 14 ma'aikata maza, ciki da wadda aka saka mataimakansa psychologist. Babban Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa masanin kimiyyar sanya a karshen gwajin ta'allaka ne da cewa wani karamin na wasa kungiyar ƙarshe Forms da kansa a halin kirki. Wannan halin kirki ne da nufin hana rikice-rikice a cikin kungiyar saboda gaskiyar cewa kowane ɓangare na wani nau'i ne na kaddarance model na hali. Sakamakon haka, kamfanin na gwamnati, wanda yana magance wani babban rukuni, ya kamata kuma neman cimma wani matakin na dabi'a ga dukan shuka.

A general, da Hawthorne gwaji da kuma karshe E. Mayo a kan ta da sakamakon, sami fadi da martani biyu a kimiyya da kuma a samar da yanayi, da kuma bayar da dalilin halittar wani Trend a cikin ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a na Enterprises dangantaka da m, musamman zuwa ga ma'aikatan wa so da kuma bukatun.